In this chapter:

(1)  “Broker-dealer” means a person engaged in the business of effecting transactions in securities for the account of others or for the person’s own account. “Broker-dealer” does not include:

(i)  A sales representative;

(ii)  An issuer, except when effecting transactions other than as to its own securities;

(iii)  Any other person that the director, by rule or order, designates; or

(iv)  A depository institution if the depository institution is not considered to be a “broker” or “dealer” within the meaning of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. §§ 78c(a)(4) and (5)) or any regulation or rule adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Act (the “Act”) because the depository institution engages in any one or more of the activities described in the following provisions of the Act, under the conditions set forth in:

(a)  Sections 3(a)(4)(B)(i) through (vi);

(b)  Section 3(a)(4)(B)(vii), so long as the depository institution is a regulated financial institution as defined in §?19-1-1(10) and the offer and sale is made to a sophisticated or institutional investor;

(c)  Sections 3(a)(4)(B)(viii) through (x);

(d)  Section 3(a)(4)(B)(xi), if limited to unsolicited transactions; or

(e)  Section 3(a)(5)(C).

(2)  “Depository institution” means:

(i)  A person which is organized, chartered, or holding an authorization certificate under the laws of a state or of the United States which authorizes the person to receive deposits, including a savings, share, certificate, or deposit account, and which is supervised and examined for the protection of depositors by an official or agency of a state or the United States;

(ii)  A trust company or other institution that is authorized by federal or state law to exercise fiduciary powers of the type a national bank is permitted to exercise under the authority of the comptroller of the currency and is supervised and examined by an official or agency of a state or the United States; and

(iii)  “Depository institution” does not include an insurance company or other organization primarily engaged in the insurance business, or a Morris plan bank, industrial loan company, or a similar bank or company unless its deposits are insured by a federal agency.

(3)  “Director” means the director of the department of business regulation.

(4)  “Federal covered adviser” means a person who is:

(i)  Registered under §?203 of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, 15 U.S.C. § 80b-3; or

(ii)  Is excluded from the definition of “investment adviser” under §?202(a)(11) of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, 15 U.S.C. § 80b-2(a)(11).

(5)  “Federal covered security” means any security that is a covered security under §?18(b) of the Securities Act of 1933, 15 U.S.C. § 77r(b), or rules or regulations promulgated under that section.

(6)  “Filed” means the actual delivery of a document or application to the director or designee of the director or to the principal office of the director.

(7)  “Financial or institutional investor” means any of the following, whether acting for itself or another in a fiduciary capacity:

(i)  A depository institution;

(ii)  An insurance company;

(iii)  A separate account of an insurance company;

(iv)  An investment company as defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, 15 U.S.C. § 80a-1 et seq.;

(v)  An employee pension, profit sharing or benefit plan if the plan has total assets in excess of five million dollars ($5,000,000), or if investment decisions are made by a plan fiduciary, as defined in the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, 29 U.S.C. § 1001 et seq., which is either a broker-dealer registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, 15 U.S.C. § 78a et seq., an investment adviser registered or exempt from registration under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, 15 U.S.C. § 80b-1 et seq., a depository institution, or an insurance company; and

(vi)  Any other institutional buyer.

(8)  “Fraud”, “deceit”, and “defraud” are not limited to common law fraud or deceit.

(9)  For purposes of §?7-11-401, “guaranteed” means guaranteed as to payment of all or substantially all of principal and interest or dividends.

(10)  For purposes of §?7-11-401, “insured” means insured as to payment of all or substantially all of principal and interest or dividends.

(11)  “Investment adviser” means a person who, for compensation, engages in the business of advising others, either directly or through publications or writings, as to the value of securities or as to the advisability of investing in, purchasing, or selling securities, or who, for compensation and as part of a regular business, issues or promulgates analyses or reports concerning securities. “Investment adviser” does not include:

(i)  An investment adviser representative;

(ii)  A trust company or other institution described in subsection (2)(ii) of this section;

(iii)  A lawyer, accountant, engineer, or teacher whose performance of investment advisory services is solely incidental to the practice of the person’s profession;

(iv)  A broker-dealer or its agent whose performance of investment advisory services is solely incidental to the conduct of business as a broker-dealer and who receives no special compensation for the investment advisory services;

(v)  A publisher of any bona fide newspaper, news column, newsletter, news magazine, or business or financial publication or service, whether communicated in hard copy form, or by electronic means, or otherwise, that does not consist of the rendering of advice on the basis of the specific investment situation of each client;

(vi)  A person whose advice, analyses, or reports relate only to securities exempt under §?7-11-401(1);

(vii)  Any person as the director, by rule or order, designates; and

(viii)  A person who is a federal covered adviser.

(12)(i)  “Investment adviser representative” means any partner, officer, director of (or a person occupying a similar status or performing similar functions) or other individual, except clerical or ministerial personnel, who is employed by or associated with:

(A)  An investment adviser that is registered or required to be registered under this chapter and who does any of the following:

(I)  Makes any recommendations or otherwise renders advice regarding securities to clients;

(II)  Manages accounts or portfolios of clients;

(III)  Determines which recommendation or advice regarding securities should be given;

(IV)  Solicits, offers, or negotiates for the sale of or sells investment advisory services;

(V)  Supervises employees who perform any of the preceding; or

(B)  A federal covered adviser, subject to the limitations of §?203A of the Investment Advisors Act of 1940, 15 U.S.C. § 80b-3a, as the director may designate by rule or order.

(ii)  Notwithstanding subsections (12)(i)(A) and (12)(i)(B), an investment adviser representative shall not include any other persons employed by or associated with either an investment adviser or a federal covered adviser not within the intent of subsection (12) that the director may designate by rule or order or as otherwise specifically excluded by rule of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

(13)(i)  Except as provided in subsections (13)(ii) through (13)(iv), “issuer” means a person who issues or proposes to issue a security.

(ii)  The “issuer” of a collateral trust certificate, voting trust certificate, certificate of deposit for a security, or share in an investment company without a board of directors or persons performing similar functions, is a person performing the acts and assuming the duties of depositor or manager pursuant to the trust or other agreement or instrument under which the security is issued.

(iii)  The “issuer” of an equipment trust certificate, including a conditional sales contract or similar security serving the same purpose, is the person to whom the equipment or property is or is to be leased or conditionally sold.

(iv)  The “issuer” of a fractional undivided interest to an oil, gas, or other mineral lease or in payments out of production under a lease, right, or royalty, is the owner of an interest in the lease or in payments out of production under a lease, right, or royalty, whether whole or fractional, who creates fractional interests for the purpose of sale.

(14)  “Nonissuer transaction” means a transaction not directly or indirectly for the benefit of the issuer.

(15)  “Person” means a natural person, corporation, business trust, estate, trust, partnership, association, joint venture, government in its private or public capacity, governmental subdivision or agency, or any other legal or commercial entity.

(16)  “Person associated with” a named party or parties or “associated person of” a named party or parties means any partner, officer, director, or branch manager of the named party or parties (or any person occupying a similar status or performing similar functions), any person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by, or under common control with the named party or parties or any employee of the named party or parties, except that any associated person whose functions are solely clerical or ministerial is not included in the meaning of the term for purposes of this chapter.

(17)  “Price amendment” means the amendment to a registration statement filed under the Securities Act of 1933, 15 U.S.C. § 77a et seq., or, if no amendment is filed, the prospectus or prospectus supplement filed under the Securities Act of 1933, which includes a statement of the offering price, underwriting and selling discounts or commissions, amounts of proceeds, conversion rates, call prices, and other matters dependent on the offering price.

(18)  “Promoter” includes:

(i)  A person who, acting alone or in concert with one or more other persons, takes the entrepreneurial initiative in founding or organizing the business or enterprise of an issuer;

(ii)  An officer or director owning securities of an issuer or a person who owns, beneficially or of record, ten percent (10%) or more of a class of securities of the issuer if the officer, director, or person acquires any of those securities in a transaction within three (3) years before the filing by the issuer of a registration statement under this chapter and the transaction does not possess the indicia of arms length bargaining; and

(iii)  A member of the immediate family of a person within subsection (18)(i) or (18)(ii) if the family member receives securities of the issuer from that person in a transaction within three (3) years before the filing by the issuer of a registration statement under this chapter and the transaction does not possess the indicia of arms length bargaining.

(19)(i)  “Sale” or “sell” includes every contract of sale, contract to sell, or other disposition, of a security or interest in a security for value.

(ii)  “Offer to sell” includes every attempt to offer to dispose of, or solicitation of an offer to purchase, a security or interest in a security for value.

(iii)  “Offer to purchase” includes every attempt or offer to obtain, or solicitation of an offer to sell, a security or interest in a security for value, but the term does not include a transaction that is subject to §?14(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, 15 U.S.C. § 78n(d).

(iv)  A security given or delivered with or as a bonus on account of a purchase of securities or other item is considered to constitute part of the subject of the purchase and to have been offered and sold for value.

(v)  A gift of assessable stock is deemed to involve an offer and sale.

(vi)  A sale or offer of a warrant or right to purchase or subscribe to another security of the same or another issuer, or a sale or offer of a security that gives the holder a present or future right or privilege to convert into another security of the same or another issuer, is deemed to include an offer of the other security.

(vii)  The terms defined in subsection (19) do not include:

(A)  the creation of a security interest or a loan;

(B)  a stock dividend, whether or not the corporation distributing the dividend is the issuer of the stock, if nothing of value is given by stockholders for the dividend other than the surrender of a right to a cash or property dividend and each stockholder may elect to take the dividend in cash, property, or stock; or

(C)  an act incident to a judicially approved reorganization in which a security is issued in exchange for one or more outstanding securities, claims, or property interests, or partly in exchange and partly for cash.

(20)  “Sales representative” means a person, other than a broker-dealer, associated with a broker-dealer or issuer in effecting or attempting to effect purchases or sales of securities.

(21)  “Securities Act of 1933”, 15 U.S.C. § 77a et seq., “Securities Exchange Act of 1934”, 15 U.S.C. § 78a et seq., “Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935”, 15 U.S.C. § 79 et seq. [repealed], “Investment Company Act of 1940”, 15 U.S.C. § 80a-1 et seq., “Investment Advisers Act of 1940”, 15 U.S.C. § 80b-1 et seq., “Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974”, 29 U.S.C. § 1001 et seq., “National Housing Act”, 12 U.S.C. § 1701 et seq., and “Commodity Exchange Act”, 7 U.S.C. § 2 et seq., mean the federal statutes of those names as amended before or after July 6, 1990.

(22)  Unless the context requires otherwise, “security” means a note; stock; treasury stock; bond; debenture; evidence of indebtedness; certificate of interest or participation in a profit sharing agreement; a limited partnership interest; collateral trust certificate; variable annuity; preorganization certificate or subscription; transferable share; investment contract; voting trust certificate; certificate of deposit for a security; fractional undivided interest in an oil, gas, or other mineral lease or in payments out of production under a lease, right, or royalty; a put, call, straddle, or option entered into on a national securities exchange relating to foreign currency; a put, call, straddle, or option on a security, certificate of deposit, or group or index of securities, including an interest in or based on the value of any of the preceding; or, in general, an interest or instrument commonly known as a “security”, or a certificate of interest or participation in, temporary or interim certificate for, receipt for, whole or partial guarantee of, or warrant or right to subscribe to or purchase, any of the preceding. The term does not include:

(i)  An insurance or endowment policy or annuity contract under which an insurance company promises to pay a fixed sum of money either in a lump sum or periodically for life or some other specified period; or

(ii)  An interest in a contributory or noncontributory pension or welfare plan subject to the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, 29 U.S.C. § 1001 et seq.

(23)  “Self-regulatory organization” means a national securities exchange registered under §?7 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, 15 U.S.C. § 78g, a national securities association of brokers and dealers registered under §?15A of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, 15 U.S.C. § 78o-3, a clearing agency registered under §?17A of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, 15 U.S.C. § 78q-1, or the municipal securities rulemaking board established under §?15B(b)(1) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, 15 U.S.C. § 78o-4(b)(1).

(24)  “State” means a state, commonwealth, territory, or possession of the United States, including both the District of Columbia and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.

(25)  “Willfully” means intentionally committing the act which constitutes a violation; there being no requirement that the actor also be aware that he or she is violating any provision of this chapter or any rule or order under this chapter.