Rhode Island General Laws > Chapter 2-13 – Northeastern Interstate Forest Fire Protection Compact


§ 2-13-1	Ratification of compact – Text
§ 2-13-2	Effective date as to future ratifications
§ 2-13-3	Filing of notices of ratification and consent
§ 2-13-4	Appointment of commissioners
§ 2-13-5	Compensation of commissioners
§ 2-13-6	Powers of commission
§ 2-13-7	Forest fire plan
§ 2-13-8	Commission’s powers supplemental
§ 2-13-9	Fiscal accounts – Annual reports and recommendations
§ 2-13-10	Audit of commission’s books

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Terms Used In Rhode Island General Laws > Chapter 2-13 - Northeastern Interstate Forest Fire Protection Compact

Advertisement: means any oral, written, or graphic statement or representation made in connection with the solicitation of business in any manner for the purpose of soliciting a consumer in this state by a seller and includes, without limitation because of enumeration, statements and representations, but does not include price tags or in-store signs, or printed in any sales literature or brochure excepting catalogs. See Rhode Island General Laws 6-13.2-2
Affiliate: means :

(i) A person who directly or indirectly owns, controls, or holds with power to vote twenty percent (20%) or more of the outstanding voting securities of the debtor, other than a person who holds the securities:

(A) As a fiduciary or agent without sole discretionary power to vote the securities; or

(B) Solely to secure a debt, if the person has not exercised the power to vote;

(ii) A corporation, twenty percent (20%) or more of whose outstanding voting securities are directly or indirectly owned, controlled, or held with power to vote by the debtor or a person who directly or indirectly owns, controls, or holds, with power to vote, twenty percent (20%) or more of the outstanding voting securities of the debtor, other than a person who holds the securities:

(A) As a fiduciary or agent without sole power to vote the securities; or

(B) Solely to secure a debt, if the person has not in fact exercised the power to vote;

(iii) A person whose business is operated by the debtor under a lease or other agreement, or a person substantially all of whose assets are controlled by the debtor; or

(iv) A person who operates the debtor's business under a lease or other agreement or controls substantially all of the debtor's assets. See Rhode Island General Laws 6-16-1
Agreement: means a written contractual agreement between the merchant and the third-party delivery service. See Rhode Island General Laws 6-58-1
Amendment: A proposal to alter the text of a pending bill or other measure by striking out some of it, by inserting new language, or both. Before an amendment becomes part of the measure, thelegislature must agree to it.
Appeal: A request made after a trial, asking another court (usually the court of appeals) to decide whether the trial was conducted properly. To make such a request is "to appeal" or "to take an appeal." One who appeals is called the appellant.
Appraisal: A determination of property value.
Asset: means property of a debtor, but the term does not include:

(i) Property to the extent it is encumbered by a valid lien;

(ii) Property to the extent it is generally exempt under nonbankruptcy law; or

(iii) An interest in property held in tenancy by the entireties to the extent it is not subject to process by a creditor holding a claim against only one tenant. See Rhode Island General Laws 6-16-1
Assets: (1) The property comprising the estate of a deceased person, or (2) the property in a trust account.
Attachment: A procedure by which a person's property is seized to pay judgments levied by the court.
Beneficiary: A person who is entitled to receive the benefits or proceeds of a will, trust, insurance policy, retirement plan, annuity, or other contract. ^{Source: OCC}
Bucket shop: means any room, office, store, building, or other place where any contract prohibited by this chapter is made, or offered to be made. See Rhode Island General Laws 6-17-1
bucket shopping: means :

(i) The making of or offering to make any contract respecting the purchase or sale, either upon credit or upon margin, of any securities or commodities, in which both parties to the contract intend, or the keeper intends, that the contract shall be, or may be, terminated, closed, or settled according to or upon the basis of the public market quotations of prices made on any board of trade or exchange upon which the securities or commodities are dealt in, and without a bona fide purchase or sale of the securities or commodities;

(ii) The making of or offering to make any contract respecting the purchase or sale, either upon credit or upon margin, of any securities or commodities in which both parties intend, or the keeper intends, that the contract shall be or may be deemed terminated, closed, or settled when the public market quotations of prices for the securities or commodities named in the contract shall reach a certain figure without a bona fide purchase or sale of the securities or commodities; or

(iii) The making of or offering to make any contract respecting the purchase or sale, either upon credit or upon margin, of any securities or commodities in which both parties do not intend, or the keeper does not intend, the actual or bona fide receipt or delivery of the securities or commodities, but do intend, or the keeper does intend, a settlement of the contract based upon the differences in the public market quotations of prices at which the securities or commodities are, or are asserted to be, bought and sold. See Rhode Island General Laws 6-17-1
Claim: means a right to payment, whether or not the right is reduced to judgment, liquidated, unliquidated, fixed, contingent, matured, unmatured, disputed, undisputed, legal, equitable, secured, or unsecured. See Rhode Island General Laws 6-16-1
Clerk of court: An officer appointed by the court to work with the chief judge in overseeing the court's administration, especially to assist in managing the flow of cases through the court and to maintain court records.
Common law: The legal system that originated in England and is now in use in the United States. It is based on judicial decisions rather than legislative action.
Complaint: A written statement by the plaintiff stating the wrongs allegedly committed by the defendant.
consumer property: includes "merchandise";

(3) "Date" as applied to "date on which a price comparison is stated in the advertisement" in newspapers or other printed publications, means either the date of publication or distribution or the date on which the completed advertising copy is submitted to the printer for final printing and publication, provided the submission date does not exceed thirty (30) days from the date of actual publication or distribution;

(4) "Precious metal" means metals that are prized because of chemical and physical properties (notably resistant to corrosion, hardness, strength, and beauty) desirable in jewelry, coinage, and objects of art, and that are at the same time relatively rare or inexpensive. See Rhode Island General Laws 6-13.2-2
Continuance: Putting off of a hearing ot trial until a later time.
Contract: means any agreement, trade, or transaction. See Rhode Island General Laws 6-17-1
Contract: A legal written agreement that becomes binding when signed.
Conviction: A judgement of guilt against a criminal defendant.
Corporation: A legal entity owned by the holders of shares of stock that have been issued, and that can own, receive, and transfer property, and carry on business in its own name.
Credit bureau: means any entity or person who or that, for monetary fees, dues, or on a cooperative nonprofit basis, regularly engages in whole or in part in the practice of assembling or evaluating consumer credit information or other information on consumers for the purpose of furnishing credit reports to third parties;

(2)(i) "Credit report" means any written, oral, or other communication of any information by a credit bureau bearing on a consumer's credit worthiness, credit standing, or credit capacity, that is used or expected to be used or collected in whole or in part for the purpose of serving as a factor in establishing the consumer's eligibility for:

(A) Credit or insurance to be used primarily for personal, family, or household purposes;

(B) Employment purposes; or

(C) Other purposes authorized under the federal Fair Credit Reporting Act, Rhode Island General Laws 6-13.1-20
Credit bureau: An agency that collects individual credit information and sells it for a fee to creditors so they can make a decision on granting loans. Typical clients include banks, mortgage lenders, credit card companies, and other financing companies. (Also commonly referred to as consumer-reporting agency or credit-reporting agency.) ^{Source: OCC}
Credit report: A detailed report of an individual's credit history prepared by a credit bureau and used by a lender in determining a loan applicant's creditworthiness. ^{Source: OCC}
Creditor: means a person who has a claim. See Rhode Island General Laws 6-16-1
Customer: means the person, business, or other entity that places an order for merchant products through the marketplace. See Rhode Island General Laws 6-58-1
Damages: Money paid by defendants to successful plaintiffs in civil cases to compensate the plaintiffs for their injuries.
Debt: means liability on a claim. See Rhode Island General Laws 6-16-1
Debtor: means a person who is liable on a claim. See Rhode Island General Laws 6-16-1
Deed: The legal instrument used to transfer title in real property from one person to another.
Defendant: In a civil suit, the person complained against; in a criminal case, the person accused of the crime.
Documentary material: means the original or a copy of any book, record, report, memorandum, paper, communication, tabulation, map, chart, photograph, mechanical transcription, or other tangible document or recording wherever situated. See Rhode Island General Laws 6-13.1-1
Electronic: means relating to technology having electrical, digital, magnetic, wireless, optical, electromagnetic, or similar capabilities. See Rhode Island General Laws 6-16-1
Equitable: Pertaining to civil suits in "equity" rather than in "law." In English legal history, the courts of "law" could order the payment of damages and could afford no other remedy. See damages. A separate court of "equity" could order someone to do something or to cease to do something. See, e.g., injunction. In American jurisprudence, the federal courts have both legal and equitable power, but the distinction is still an important one. For example, a trial by jury is normally available in "law" cases but not in "equity" cases. ^{Source: U.S. Courts}
Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other.
Fair Credit Reporting Act: A federal law, established in 1971 and revised in 1997, that gives consumers the right to see their credit records and correct any mistakes. ^{Source: OCC}
Fiduciary: A trustee, executor, or administrator.
Fixed Rate: Having a "fixed" rate means that the APR doesn't change based on fluctuations of some external rate (such as the "Prime Rate"). In other words, a fixed rate is a rate that is not a variable rate. A fixed APR can change over time, in several circumstances:
- You are late making a payment or commit some other default, triggering an increase to a penalty rate
- The bank changes the terms of your account and you do not reject the change.
- The rate expires (if the rate was fixed for only a certain period of time).
Foreclosure: A legal process in which property that is collateral or security for a loan may be sold to help repay the loan when the loan is in default. ^{Source: OCC}
Fraud: Intentional deception resulting in injury to another.
Gift: A voluntary transfer or conveyance of property without consideration, or for less than full and adequate consideration based on fair market value.
in writing: include printing, engraving, lithographing, and photo-lithographing, and all other representations of words in letters of the usual form. See Rhode Island General Laws 43-3-16
Injunction: An order of the court prohibiting (or compelling) the performance of a specific act to prevent irreparable damage or injury.
Insider: includes :

(i) If the debtor is an individual:

(A) A relative of the debtor or of a general partner of the debtor;

(B) A partnership in which the debtor is a general partner;

(C) A general partner in a partnership described in subsection (8)(i)(B); or

(D) A corporation of which the debtor is a director, officer, or person in control;

(ii) If the debtor is a corporation:

(A) A director of the debtor;

(B) An officer of the debtor;

(C) A person in control of the debtor;

(D) A partnership in which the debtor is a general partner;

(E) A general partner in a partnership described in subsection (8)(ii)(D); or

(F) A relative of a general partner, director, officer, or person in control of the debtor;

(iii) If the debtor is a partnership:

(A) A general partner in the debtor;

(B) A relative of a general partner in, a general partner of, or a person in control of the debtor;

(C) Another partnership in which the debtor is a general partner;

(D) A general partner in a partnership described in subsection (8)(iii)(C); or

(E) A person in control of the debtor;

(iv) An affiliate, or an insider of an affiliate as if the affiliate were the debtor; and

(v) A managing agent of the debtor. See Rhode Island General Laws 6-16-1
Intangible property: Property that has no intrinsic value, but is merely the evidence of value such as stock certificates, bonds, and promissory notes.
Interest rate: The amount paid by a borrower to a lender in exchange for the use of the lender's money for a certain period of time. Interest is paid on loans or on debt instruments, such as notes or bonds, either at regular intervals or as part of a lump sum payment when the issue matures. ^{Source: OCC}
Jurisdiction: (1) The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a case. Concurrent jurisdiction exists when two courts have simultaneous responsibility for the same case. (2) The geographic area over which the court has authority to decide cases.
Keeper: means any person owning, keeping, managing, operating, or promoting a bucket shop, or assisting to keep, manage, operate, or promote a bucket shop. See Rhode Island General Laws 6-17-1
Lease: A contract transferring the use of property or occupancy of land, space, structures, or equipment in consideration of a payment (e.g., rent). ^{Source: OCC}
Legal tender: coins, dollar bills, or other currency issued by a government as official money. ^{Source: U.S. Mint}
Liabilities: The aggregate of all debts and other legal obligations of a particular person or legal entity.
Lien: means a charge against, or an interest in, property to secure payment of a debt or performance of an obligation, and includes a security interest created by agreement; a judicial lien obtained by legal or equitable process or proceedings; a common-law lien; or a statutory lien. See Rhode Island General Laws 6-16-1
Lien: A claim against real or personal property in satisfaction of a debt.
Markup: The process by which congressional committees and subcommittees debate, amend, and rewrite proposed legislation.
Mortgage: The written agreement pledging property to a creditor as collateral for a loan.
National Bank: A bank that is subject to the supervision of the Comptroller of the Currency. The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency is a bureau of the U.S. Treasury Department. A national bank can be recognized because it must have "national" or "national association" in its name. ^{Source: OCC}
Oath: A promise to tell the truth.
oath: includes affirmation; the word "sworn" includes affirmed; and the word "engaged" includes either sworn or affirmed. See Rhode Island General Laws 43-3-11
Obligation: An order placed, contract awarded, service received, or similar transaction during a given period that will require payments during the same or a future period.
Organization: means a person other than an individual. See Rhode Island General Laws 6-16-1
Partnership: A voluntary contract between two or more persons to pool some or all of their assets into a business, with the agreement that there will be a proportional sharing of profits and losses.
person: may be construed to extend to and include co-partnerships and bodies corporate and politic. See Rhode Island General Laws 43-3-6
Person: means natural persons, corporations, trusts, partnerships, incorporated or unincorporated associations, and any other legal entity. See Rhode Island General Laws 6-13.1-1
Person: means an individual, partnership, corporation, or association, whether acting in his, her, or their own right or as the officer, agent, servant, correspondent, or representative of another. See Rhode Island General Laws 6-17-1
person: includes individuals, partnerships, voluntary associations, and corporations. See Rhode Island General Laws 6-14-1
Person: means an individual, estate, partnership, association, trust, business or nonprofit entity, public corporation, government or governmental subdivision, agency, or instrumentality, or other legal or commercial entity. See Rhode Island General Laws 6-16-1
Personal property: All property that is not real property.
Precious metal: means metals that are prized because of chemical and physical properties (notably resistant to corrosion, hardness, strength, and beauty) desirable in jewelry, coinage, and objects of art, and that are at the same time relatively rare or inexpensive. See Rhode Island General Laws 6-13.2-2
Price comparison: means the comparison, whether or not expressed wholly or in part in dollars, cents, fractions or percentages, in an advertisement of a seller's current price for consumer property or services with any other price or statement of value for consumer property, whether or not these prices are actually stated in the advertisement; or, the making of price reductions claims or savings claims with respect to the seller's current price. See Rhode Island General Laws 6-13.2-2
Probable cause: A reasonable ground for belief that the offender violated a specific law.
Property: means anything that may be the subject of ownership. See Rhode Island General Laws 6-16-1
Prosecute: To charge someone with a crime. A prosecutor tries a criminal case on behalf of the government.
Quorum: The number of legislators that must be present to do business.
real estate: may be construed to include lands, tenements, and hereditaments and rights thereto and interests therein. See Rhode Island General Laws 43-3-10
Real property: Land, and all immovable fixtures erected on, growing on, or affixed to the land.
Rebate: means the return of a payment or a partial payment that serves as a discount or reduction in price. See Rhode Island General Laws 6-13.1-1
Record: means information that is inscribed on a tangible medium or that is stored in an electronic or other medium, and retrievable in perceivable form. See Rhode Island General Laws 6-16-1
Relative: means an individual related by consanguinity within the third degree as determined by the common law, a spouse, or an individual related to a spouse within the third degree as so determined, and includes an individual in an adoptive relationship within the third degree. See Rhode Island General Laws 6-16-1
Remainder: An interest in property that takes effect in the future at a specified time or after the occurrence of some event, such as the death of a life tenant.
Sale: means a reduction from the seller's price at which consumer property is offered to the public for a fixed period of time; and

(8) "Seller" means a person engaged in the sale of consumer property and includes individuals, corporations, partnerships, associations, and any other form of business organization or entity. See Rhode Island General Laws 6-13.2-2
Service of process: The service of writs or summonses to the appropriate party.
Settlement: Parties to a lawsuit resolve their difference without having a trial. Settlements often involve the payment of compensation by one party in satisfaction of the other party's claims.
Statute: A law passed by a legislature.
Subpoena: A command to a witness to appear and give testimony.
Testify: Answer questions in court.
Testimony: Evidence presented orally by witnesses during trials or before grand juries.
town: may be construed to include city; the words "town council" include city council; the words "town clerk" include city clerk; the words "ward clerk" include clerk of election district; the words "town treasurer" include city treasurer; and the words "town sergeant" include city sergeant. See Rhode Island General Laws 43-3-9
Transfer: means every mode, direct or indirect, absolute or conditional, voluntary or involuntary, of disposing of or parting with an asset or an interest in an asset, and includes payment of money, release, lease, license, and creation of a lien or other encumbrance. See Rhode Island General Laws 6-16-1
Trial: A hearing that takes place when the defendant pleads "not guilty" and witnesses are required to come to court to give evidence.
Trustee: A person or institution holding and administering property in trust.
Truth in Lending Act: The Truth in Lending Act is a federal law that requires lenders to provide standardized information so that borrowers can compare loan terms. In general, lenders must provide information on ^{Source: OCC}
Unfair methods of competition and unfair or deceptive acts or practices: means any one or more of the following:

(i) Passing off goods or services as those of another;

(ii) Causing likelihood of confusion or of misunderstanding as to the source, sponsorship, approval, or certification of goods or services;

(iii) Causing likelihood of confusion or of misunderstanding as to affiliation, connection, or association with, or certification by, another;

(iv) Using deceptive representations or designations of geographic origin in connection with goods or services;

(v) Representing that goods or services have sponsorship, approval, characteristics, ingredients, uses, benefits, or quantities that they do not have or that a person has a sponsorship, approval, status, affiliation, or connection that he or she does not have;

(vi) Representing that goods are original or new if they are deteriorated, altered, reconditioned, reclaimed, used, or secondhand; and if household goods have been repaired or reconditioned, without conspicuously noting the defect that necessitated the repair on the tag that contains the cost to the consumer of the goods;

(vii) Representing that goods or services are of a particular standard, quality, or grade, or that goods are of a particular style or model, if they are of another;

(viii) Disparaging the goods, services, or business of another by false or misleading representation of fact;

(ix) Advertising goods or services with intent not to sell them as advertised;

(x) Advertising goods or services with intent not to supply reasonably expectable public demand, unless the advertisement discloses a limitation of quantity;

(xi) Making false or misleading statements of fact concerning the reasons for, existence of, or amounts of price reductions;

(xii) Engaging in any other conduct that similarly creates a likelihood of confusion or of misunderstanding;

(xiii) Engaging in any act or practice that is unfair or deceptive to the consumer;

(xiv) Using any other methods, acts, or practices that mislead or deceive members of the public in a material respect;

(xv) Advertising any brand name goods for sale and then selling substituted brand names in their place;

(xvi) Failure to include the brand name and or manufacturer of goods in any advertisement of the goods for sale, and, if the goods are used or secondhand, failure to include the information in the advertisement;

(xvii) Advertising claims concerning safety, performance, and comparative price unless the advertiser, upon request by any person, the consumer council, or the attorney general, makes available documentation substantiating the validity of the claim;

(xviii) Representing that work has been performed on or parts replaced in goods when the work was not in fact performed or the parts not in fact replaced; or

(xix) Failing to separately state the amount charged for labor and the amount charged for services when requested by the purchaser as provided for in § 44-18-12(b)(3). See Rhode Island General Laws 6-13.1-1
Uniform Commercial Code: A set of statutes enacted by the various states to provide consistency among the states' commercial laws. It includes negotiable instruments, sales, stock transfers, trust and warehouse receipts, and bills of lading. ^{Source: OCC}
United States: include the several states and the territories of the United States. See Rhode Island General Laws 43-3-8
Usury: Charging an illegally high interest rate on a loan. ^{Source: OCC}
Variable Rate: Having a "variable" rate means that the APR changes from time to time based on fluctuations in an external rate, normally the Prime Rate. This external rate is known as the "index." If the index changes, the variable rate normally changes. Also see Fixed Rate.