Terms Used In Rhode Island General Laws > Chapter 5-13 - Horse Riding Schools

• Advisory organization: means any person or organization other than a rating organization that assists insurers in the authorized activities enumerated in § 27-44-11, except no advisory organization may make any filings on behalf of insurers. See Rhode Island General Laws 27-44-2
• Affiliated company: means any corporation controlled by or an affiliate of a parent, an industrial insured, or a member organization by virtue of common ownership, control, operation, or management. See Rhode Island General Laws 27-43-1
• Affordable Care Act: means the federal Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, Pub. See Rhode Island General Laws 27-41-2
• Amendment: A proposal to alter the text of a pending bill or other measure by striking out some of it, by inserting new language, or both. Before an amendment becomes part of the measure, thelegislature must agree to it.
• Amortization: Paying off a loan by regular installments.
• Appeal: A request made after a trial, asking another court (usually the court of appeals) to decide whether the trial was conducted properly. To make such a request is "to appeal" or "to take an appeal." One who appeals is called the appellant.
• Appraisal: A determination of property value.
• Appropriation: The provision of funds, through an annual appropriations act or a permanent law, for federal agencies to make payments out of the Treasury for specified purposes. The formal federal spending process consists of two sequential steps: authorization
• Assets: (1) The property comprising the estate of a deceased person, or (2) the property in a trust account.
• Association: means any association of individuals, corporations, partnerships, or associations that has a separate legal existence, the member organizations of which collectively:

  (i)  Own, control, or hold with power to vote all of the outstanding voting securities of an association captive insurance company incorporated as a stock insurance company; or

  (ii)  Have complete voting control over an association captive insurance company incorporated as a mutual insurance company. See Rhode Island General Laws 27-43-1

• Association captive insurance company: means any company that insures risks of the member organizations of the association, and their affiliated companies. See Rhode Island General Laws 27-43-1
• Bankruptcy: Refers to statutes and judicial proceedings involving persons or businesses that cannot pay their debts and seek the assistance of the court in getting a fresh start. Under the protection of the bankruptcy court, debtors may discharge their debts, perhaps by paying a portion of each debt. Bankruptcy judges preside over these proceedings.
• Beneficiary: A person who is entitled to receive the benefits or proceeds of a will, trust, insurance policy, retirement plan, annuity, or other contract. ^{Source: OCC}
• Captive insurance company: means any subsidiary captive insurance company, association captive insurance company, or industrial insured captive insurance company formed or licensed under the provisions of this chapter, including a captive insurance company that is organized as a protected cell company under the Protected Cell Companies Act, chapter 64 of this title. See Rhode Island General Laws 27-43-1
• Commissioner: means the director of the department of business regulation. See Rhode Island General Laws 27-43-1
• Common law: The legal system that originated in England and is now in use in the United States. It is based on judicial decisions rather than legislative action.
• Competitive market: means a market that has not been found to be noncompetitive pursuant to § 27-44-4. See Rhode Island General Laws 27-44-2
• Complaint: A written statement by the plaintiff stating the wrongs allegedly committed by the defendant.
• Contract: A legal written agreement that becomes binding when signed.
• Conviction: A judgement of guilt against a criminal defendant.
• Corporation: A legal entity owned by the holders of shares of stock that have been issued, and that can own, receive, and transfer property, and carry on business in its own name.
• covered benefits: means coverage or benefits for the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease, or amounts paid for the purpose of affecting any structure or function of the body including coverage or benefits for transportation primarily for and essential thereto, and including medical services as defined in §?27-19-17. See Rhode Island General Laws 27-41-2
• Covered health services: means the services that a health maintenance organization contracts with enrollees and enrolled groups to provide or make available to an enrolled participant. See Rhode Island General Laws 27-41-2
• Damages: Money paid by defendants to successful plaintiffs in civil cases to compensate the plaintiffs for their injuries.
• Deed: The legal instrument used to transfer title in real property from one person to another.
• Dependent: A person dependent for support upon another.
• Director: means the director of the department of business regulation or his or her duly appointed agents. See Rhode Island General Laws 27-41-2
• Director: means the director of department of business regulation. See Rhode Island General Laws 27-44-2
• Discovery: Lawyers' examination, before trial, of facts and documents in possession of the opponents to help the lawyers prepare for trial.
• Donor: The person who makes a gift.
• Elective surgical procedure: means any non-emergency surgical procedure that may be scheduled at the convenience of the patient or the surgeon without jeopardizing the patient's life or causing serious impairment to the patient's bodily functions. See Rhode Island General Laws 27-39-1
• Eligible physician: means a physician licensed to practice medicine and surgery who holds the rank of diplomate of an American board (M. See Rhode Island General Laws 27-39-1
• Employee: means any person who has entered into the employment of or works under a contract of service or apprenticeship with any employer. See Rhode Island General Laws 27-41-2
• Employer: means any person, partnership, association, trust, estate, or corporation, whether foreign or domestic, or the legal representative, trustee in bankruptcy, receiver, or trustee of a receiver, or the legal representative of a deceased person, including the state of Rhode Island and each city and town in the state, that has in its employ one or more individuals during any calendar year. See Rhode Island General Laws 27-41-2
• Enrollee: means an individual who has been enrolled in a health maintenance organization. See Rhode Island General Laws 27-41-2
• Equitable: Pertaining to civil suits in "equity" rather than in "law." In English legal history, the courts of "law" could order the payment of damages and could afford no other remedy. See damages. A separate court of "equity" could order someone to do something or to cease to do something. See, e.g., injunction. In American jurisprudence, the federal courts have both legal and equitable power, but the distinction is still an important one. For example, a trial by jury is normally available in "law" cases but not in "equity" cases. ^{Source: U.S. Courts}
• Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other.
• Evidence of coverage: means any certificate, agreement, or contract issued to an enrollee setting out the coverage to which the enrollee is entitled. See Rhode Island General Laws 27-41-2
• Fair market value: The price at which an asset would change hands in a transaction between a willing, informed buyer and a willing, informed seller.
• Federal Reserve System: The central bank of the United States. The Fed, as it is commonly called, regulates the U.S. monetary and financial system. The Federal Reserve System is composed of a central governmental agency in Washington, D.C. (the Board of Governors) and twelve regional Federal Reserve Banks in major cities throughout the United States. ^{Source: OCC}
• Fiduciary: A trustee, executor, or administrator.
• Fiscal year: The fiscal year is the accounting period for the government. For the federal government, this begins on October 1 and ends on September 30. The fiscal year is designated by the calendar year in which it ends; for example, fiscal year 2006 begins on October 1, 2005 and ends on September 30, 2006.
• Foreclosure: A legal process in which property that is collateral or security for a loan may be sold to help repay the loan when the loan is in default. ^{Source: OCC}
• Fraud: Intentional deception resulting in injury to another.
• Grandfathered health plan: means any group health plan or health insurance coverage subject to Rhode Island General Laws 27-41-2
• Grantor: The person who establishes a trust and places property into it.
• Group health insurance coverage: means , in connection with a group health plan, health insurance coverage offered in connection with that plan. See Rhode Island General Laws 27-41-2
• Group health plan: means an employee welfare benefit plan as defined in Rhode Island General Laws 27-41-2
• Guardian: A person legally empowered and charged with the duty of taking care of and managing the property of another person who because of age, intellect, or health, is incapable of managing his (her) own affairs.
• Health insurance carrier: means a person, firm, corporation, or other entity subject to the jurisdiction of the commissioner under this chapter, and includes a health maintenance organization. See Rhode Island General Laws 27-41-2
• health insurance commissioner: means that individual appointed pursuant to §?42-14. See Rhode Island General Laws 27-41-2
• Health insurers: as used in this chapter includes all persons, firms, corporations, or other organizations offering and assuring health services on a prepaid or primarily expense incurred basis, including, but not limited to, policies of accident or sickness insurance, as defined by chapter 18 of this title, except for supplemental policies that only provide coverage for specified diseases, or other supplemental policies, nonprofit hospital or medical service plans, whether organized under chapter 19 or 20 of this title or under any public law or by special act of the general assembly, health maintenance organizations, and any other entity that insures or reimburses for diagnostic, therapeutic, or preventive services to a determined population on the basis of a periodic premium. See Rhode Island General Laws 27-38.1-1
• Health maintenance organization: means a single public or private organization that:

  (i)  Provides or makes available to enrolled participants healthcare services, including at least the following basic healthcare services: usual physician services, hospitalization, laboratory, x-ray, emergency, and preventive services, and out-of-area coverage, and the services of licensed midwives;

  (ii)  Is compensated, except for copayments, for the provision of the basic healthcare services listed in subsection (20)(i) of this section to enrolled participants on a predetermined periodic rate basis;

  (iii)(A)  Provides physicians' services primarily:

  (I)  Directly through physicians who are either employees or partners of the organization; or

  (II)  Through arrangements with individual physicians or one or more groups of physicians organized on a group practice or individual practice basis;

  (B)  "Health maintenance organization" does not include prepaid plans offered by entities regulated under chapter 1, 2, 19, or 20 of this title that do not meet the criteria above and do not purport to be health maintenance organizations; and

  (iv)  Provides the services of licensed midwives primarily:

  (A)  Directly through licensed midwives who are either employees or partners of the organization; or

  (B)  Through arrangements with individual licensed midwives or one or more groups of licensed midwives organized on a group practice or individual practice basis. See Rhode Island General Laws 27-41-2

• Healthcare facility: means an institution providing healthcare services or a healthcare setting, including, but not limited, to hospitals and other licensed inpatient centers, ambulatory surgical or treatment centers, skilled nursing centers, residential treatment centers, diagnostic, laboratory and imaging centers, and rehabilitation and other therapeutic health settings. See Rhode Island General Laws 27-41-2
• Healthcare professional: means a physician or other healthcare practitioner licensed, accredited, or certified to perform specified healthcare services consistent with state law. See Rhode Island General Laws 27-41-2
• Healthcare services: means any services included in the furnishing to any individual of medical, podiatric, or dental care, or hospitalization, or incident to the furnishing of that care or hospitalization, and the furnishing to any person of any and all other services for the purpose of preventing, alleviating, curing, or healing human illness, injury, or physical disability. See Rhode Island General Laws 27-41-2
• in writing: include printing, engraving, lithographing, and photo-lithographing, and all other representations of words in letters of the usual form. See Rhode Island General Laws 43-3-16
• Industrial insured: means an insured:

  (i)  Who procures the insurance of any risk or risks by use of the services of a full-time employee acting as an insurance manager or buyer;

  (ii)  Whose aggregate annual premiums for insurance on all risks total at least twenty-five thousand dollars ($25,000); and

  (iii)  Who has at least twenty-five (25) full-time employees. See Rhode Island General Laws 27-43-1

• Industrial insured captive insurance company: means any company that insures risks of the industrial insured that comprise the industrial insured group, and their affiliated companies. See Rhode Island General Laws 27-43-1
• Industrial insured group: means any group that meets either of the following criteria:

  (i)  Any group of industrial insureds that collectively: (A) Own, control, or hold with power to vote all of the outstanding voting securities of an industrial insured captive insurance company incorporated as a stock insurance company, or (B) Have complete voting control over an industrial insured captive insurance company incorporated as a mutual insurance company; or

  (ii)  Any group created under Rhode Island General Laws 27-43-1

• Jurisdiction: (1) The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a case. Concurrent jurisdiction exists when two courts have simultaneous responsibility for the same case. (2) The geographic area over which the court has authority to decide cases.
• Lease: A contract transferring the use of property or occupancy of land, space, structures, or equipment in consideration of a payment (e.g., rent). ^{Source: OCC}
• Liabilities: The aggregate of all debts and other legal obligations of a particular person or legal entity.
• Licensed midwife: means any midwife licensed pursuant to §?23-13-9. See Rhode Island General Laws 27-41-2
• Lien: A claim against real or personal property in satisfaction of a debt.
• Litigation: A case, controversy, or lawsuit. Participants (plaintiffs and defendants) in lawsuits are called litigants.
• Market: means the interaction between buyers and sellers consisting of a product market component. See Rhode Island General Laws 27-44-2
• Material modification: means only systemic changes to the information filed under §?27-41-3. See Rhode Island General Laws 27-41-2
• Member organization: means any individual, corporation, partnership, or association that belongs to an association. See Rhode Island General Laws 27-43-1
• Mortgage: The written agreement pledging property to a creditor as collateral for a loan.
• Noncompetitive market: means a market for which there is a ruling in effect pursuant to § 27-44-4 that a reasonable degree of competition does not exist. See Rhode Island General Laws 27-44-2
• Obligation: An order placed, contract awarded, service received, or similar transaction during a given period that will require payments during the same or a future period.
• Office of the health insurance commissioner: means the agency established under §?42-14. See Rhode Island General Laws 27-41-2
• Oversight: Committee review of the activities of a Federal agency or program.
• Parent: means a corporation, partnership, or individual that directly or indirectly owns, controls, or holds with power to vote more than fifty percent (50%) of the outstanding voting securities of a subsidiary captive insurance company. See Rhode Island General Laws 27-43-1
• Partnership: A voluntary contract between two or more persons to pool some or all of their assets into a business, with the agreement that there will be a proportional sharing of profits and losses.
• Pediatric preventive care: means those services recommended by the committee on practice and ambulatory medicine of the American Academy of Pediatrics when delivered, supervised, prescribed, or recommended by a physician and rendered to a child from birth through age nineteen (19). See Rhode Island General Laws 27-38.1-1
• Person: means any individual, firm, partnership, association, or corporation. See Rhode Island General Laws 5-13-1
• person: may be construed to extend to and include co-partnerships and bodies corporate and politic. See Rhode Island General Laws 43-3-6
• Personal lines of insurance: means personal motor vehicle, homeowner's insurance coverage, health insurance, life insurance, workers' compensation, residential fire insurance, or any component of them. See Rhode Island General Laws 27-43-1
• Physician: includes a podiatrist as defined in chapter 29 of Title 5. See Rhode Island General Laws 27-41-2
• Pool: means a voluntary arrangement, established on an on-going basis, pursuant to which two (2) or more insurers participate in the sharing of risks on a predetermined basis. See Rhode Island General Laws 27-44-2
• Power of attorney: A written instrument which authorizes one person to act as another's agent or attorney. The power of attorney may be for a definite, specific act, or it may be general in nature. The terms of the written power of attorney may specify when it will expire. If not, the power of attorney usually expires when the person granting it dies. ^{Source: OCC}
• Private organization: means a legal corporation with a policy-making and governing body. See Rhode Island General Laws 27-41-2
• provider: means a healthcare professional or a healthcare facility. See Rhode Island General Laws 27-41-2
• Public law: A public bill or joint resolution that has passed both chambers and been enacted into law. Public laws have general applicability nationwide.
• Quorum: The number of legislators that must be present to do business.
• Rating organization: means any entity that either has two (2) or more member insurers or is controlled either directly or indirectly by two (2) or more insurers and that assists insurers in ratemaking. See Rhode Island General Laws 27-44-2
• real estate: may be construed to include lands, tenements, and hereditaments and rights thereto and interests therein. See Rhode Island General Laws 43-3-10
• Remainder: An interest in property that takes effect in the future at a specified time or after the occurrence of some event, such as the death of a life tenant.
• Rescission: The cancellation of budget authority previously provided by Congress. The Impoundment Control Act of 1974 specifies that the President may propose to Congress that funds be rescinded. If both Houses have not approved a rescission proposal (by passing legislation) within 45 days of continuous session, any funds being withheld must be made available for obligation.
• Rescission: means a cancellation or discontinuance of coverage that has retroactive effect for reasons unrelated to timely payment of required premiums or contribution to costs of coverage. See Rhode Island General Laws 27-41-2
• Riding school: means any establishment in connection with which one or more horses are let for hire to be ridden or driven, either with or without the furnishing of riding or driving instruction. See Rhode Island General Laws 5-13-1
• Second surgical opinion: means an opinion of an eligible physician based on that physician's examination of a person for the purpose of evaluating the medical advisability of that person undergoing an elective surgical procedure. See Rhode Island General Laws 27-39-1
• Service of process: The service of writs or summonses to the appropriate party.
• Statute: A law passed by a legislature.
• Subpoena: A command to a witness to appear and give testimony.
• Subsidiary captive insurance company: means any company that insures risks of its parent and affiliated companies. See Rhode Island General Laws 27-43-1
• Supplementary rate information: includes any manual or plan of rates, classification, rating schedule, minimum premium, policy fee, rating rule, and any other similar information needed to determine the applicable rate in effect or to be in effect. See Rhode Island General Laws 27-44-2
• Supporting information: means : (i) The experience and judgment of the filer and the experience or data of other insurers or organizations relied upon by the filer; (ii) The interpretation of any statistical data relied upon by the filer; and (iii) Description of methods used in making the rates, and other similar information required by the director to be filed. See Rhode Island General Laws 27-44-2
• Tenancy in common: A type of property ownership in which two or more individuals have an undivided interest in property. At the death of one tenant in common, his (her) fractional percentage of ownership in the property passes to the decedent
• Total adjusted capital: means the sum of:

  (i)  A health maintenance organization's statutory capital and surplus (i. See Rhode Island General Laws 27-41-2

• town: may be construed to include city; the words "town council" include city council; the words "town clerk" include city clerk; the words "ward clerk" include clerk of election district; the words "town treasurer" include city treasurer; and the words "town sergeant" include city sergeant. See Rhode Island General Laws 43-3-9
• Trial: A hearing that takes place when the defendant pleads "not guilty" and witnesses are required to come to court to give evidence.
• Trustee: A person or institution holding and administering property in trust.
• Uncovered expenditures: means the costs of healthcare services that are covered by a health maintenance organization, but that are not guaranteed, insured, or assumed by a person or organization other than the health maintenance organization. See Rhode Island General Laws 27-41-2
• United States: include the several states and the territories of the United States. See Rhode Island General Laws 43-3-8