Michigan Laws > Chapter 257 > Act 55 of 1997 – Electric Patrol Vehicle Act
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Terms Used In Michigan Laws > Chapter 257 > Act 55 of 1997 - Electric Patrol Vehicle Act
- Acceptor: means a drawee who has accepted a draft. See Michigan Laws 440.3103
- Advice and consent: Under the Constitution, presidential nominations for executive and judicial posts take effect only when confirmed by the Senate, and international treaties become effective only when the Senate approves them by a two-thirds vote.
- Aggrieved party: means a party entitled to resort to a remedy. See Michigan Laws 440.1201
- Amendment: A proposal to alter the text of a pending bill or other measure by striking out some of it, by inserting new language, or both. Before an amendment becomes part of the measure, thelegislature must agree to it.
- Appeal: A request made after a trial, asking another court (usually the court of appeals) to decide whether the trial was conducted properly. To make such a request is "to appeal" or "to take an appeal." One who appeals is called the appellant.
- Appraisal: A determination of property value.
- Assets: (1) The property comprising the estate of a deceased person, or (2) the property in a trust account.
- Attachment: A procedure by which a person's property is seized to pay judgments levied by the court.
- Authority: means a regional transit authority created under this act. See Michigan Laws 124.542
- Authority: means an authority incorporated under this act. See Michigan Laws 124.601
- Bank: means a person engaged in the business of banking and includes a savings bank, savings and loan association, credit union, and trust company. See Michigan Laws 440.1201
- Bankruptcy: Refers to statutes and judicial proceedings involving persons or businesses that cannot pay their debts and seek the assistance of the court in getting a fresh start. Under the protection of the bankruptcy court, debtors may discharge their debts, perhaps by paying a portion of each debt. Bankruptcy judges preside over these proceedings.
- Bearer: means a person in control of a negotiable electronic document of title or a person in possession of an instrument, a negotiable tangible document of title, or a certificated security payable to bearer or indorsed in blank. See Michigan Laws 440.1201
- Beneficiary: A person who is entitled to receive the benefits or proceeds of a will, trust, insurance policy, retirement plan, annuity, or other contract. Source: OCC
- Bequest: Property gifted by will.
- Bill of lading: means a document of title evidencing the receipt of goods for shipment issued by a person engaged in the business of directly or indirectly transporting or forwarding goods. See Michigan Laws 440.1201
- Blighted area: means a portion of a municipality, developed or undeveloped, improved or unimproved, with business or residential uses, marked by a demonstrated pattern of deterioration in physical, economic, or social conditions, and characterized by such conditions as functional or economic obsolescense of buildings or the area as a whole, physical deterioration of structures, substandard building or facility conditions, improper or inefficient division or arrangement of lots and ownerships and streets and other open spaces, inappropriate mixed character and uses of the structures, deterioration in the condition of public facilities or services, or any other similar characteristics which endanger the health, safety, morals, or general welfare of the municipality, and which may include any buildings or improvements not in themselves obsolescent, and any real property, residential or nonresidential, whether improved or unimproved, the acquisition of which is considered necessary for rehabilitation of the area. See Michigan Laws 125.72
- Blighted property: means property that meets any of the following criteria:
(i) The property has been declared a public nuisance in accordance with a local housing, building, plumbing, fire, or other related code or ordinance. See Michigan Laws 125.72City: means a city incorporated under the home rule city act, 1909 PA 279, MCL 117. See Michigan Laws 124.542 Commercial unit: means a unit of goods that by commercial usage is a single whole for purposes of lease and division of which materially impairs its character or value on the market or in use. See Michigan Laws 440.2803 Conforming: means goods or performance under a lease contract that are in accordance with the obligations under the lease contract. See Michigan Laws 440.2803 Consumer: means an individual who enters into a transaction primarily for personal, family, or household purposes. See Michigan Laws 440.1201 Consumer account: means an account established by an individual primarily for personal, family, or household purposes. See Michigan Laws 440.3103 Consumer lease: means a lease that a lessor regularly engaged in the business of leasing or selling makes to a lessee who is an individual and who takes under the lease primarily for a personal, family, or household purpose, if the total payments to be made under the lease contract, excluding payments for options to renew or buy, do not exceed $25,000. See Michigan Laws 440.2803 Consumer transaction: means a transaction in which an individual incurs an obligation primarily for personal, family, or household purposes. See Michigan Laws 440.3103 Contract: A legal written agreement that becomes binding when signed. Conviction: A judgement of guilt against a criminal defendant. Corporation: A legal entity owned by the holders of shares of stock that have been issued, and that can own, receive, and transfer property, and carry on business in its own name. Creditor: includes a general creditor, a secured creditor, a lien creditor, and any representative of creditors, including an assignee for the benefit of creditors, a trustee in bankruptcy, a receiver in equity, and an executor or administrator of an insolvent debtor's or assignor's estate. See Michigan Laws 440.1201 Damages: Money paid by defendants to successful plaintiffs in civil cases to compensate the plaintiffs for their injuries. Defendant: In a civil suit, the person complained against; in a criminal case, the person accused of the crime. Defendant: includes a person in the position of defendant in a counterclaim, cross-claim, or third-party claim. See Michigan Laws 440.1201 Delivery: means either of the following:
(i) With respect to an electronic document of title, a voluntary transfer of control. See Michigan Laws 440.1201Dependent: A person dependent for support upon another. Development area: means that portion of a blighted area to which a development plan is applicable. See Michigan Laws 125.72 Development plan: means a plan for the rehabilitation of all or any part of a blighted area. See Michigan Laws 125.72 Devise: To gift property by will. Discovery: Lawyers' examination, before trial, of facts and documents in possession of the opponents to help the lawyers prepare for trial. Dismissal: The dropping of a case by the judge without further consideration or hearing. Source: Drawee: means a person ordered in a draft to make payment. See Michigan Laws 440.3103 Drawer: means a person who signs or is identified in a draft as a person ordering payment. See Michigan Laws 440.3103 Electric patrol vehicle: means an electrically powered motor vehicle designed to carry not more than 4 persons at a speed of not more than 25 miles per hour and having an unloaded weight of not more than 1,300 pounds. See Michigan Laws 257.1572 Embezzlement: In most states, embezzlement is defined as theft/larceny of assets (money or property) by a person in a position of trust or responsibility over those assets. Embezzlement typically occurs in the employment and corporate settings. Source: OCC Emergency services: means fire protection services, emergency medical services, police protection, and any other emergency health or safety services designated in the articles of incorporation of an authority. See Michigan Laws 124.601 Entitlement: A Federal program or provision of law that requires payments to any person or unit of government that meets the eligibility criteria established by law. Entitlements constitute a binding obligation on the part of the Federal Government, and eligible recipients have legal recourse if the obligation is not fulfilled. Social Security and veterans' compensation and pensions are examples of entitlement programs. Equitable: Pertaining to civil suits in "equity" rather than in "law." In English legal history, the courts of "law" could order the payment of damages and could afford no other remedy. See damages. A separate court of "equity" could order someone to do something or to cease to do something. See, e.g., injunction. In American jurisprudence, the federal courts have both legal and equitable power, but the distinction is still an important one. For example, a trial by jury is normally available in "law" cases but not in "equity" cases. Source: U.S. Courts Escrow: Money given to a third party to be held for payment until certain conditions are met. Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other. Fault: means wrongful act, omission, breach, or default. See Michigan Laws 440.2803 Federal Reserve System: The central bank of the United States. The Fed, as it is commonly called, regulates the U.S. monetary and financial system. The Federal Reserve System is composed of a central governmental agency in Washington, D.C. (the Board of Governors) and twelve regional Federal Reserve Banks in major cities throughout the United States. Source: OCC Fee simple: Absolute title to property with no limitations or restrictions regarding the person who may inherit it. Fiduciary: A trustee, executor, or administrator. Finance lease: means a lease with respect to which all of the following apply:
(i) The lessor does not select, manufacture, or supply the goods. See Michigan Laws 440.2803Fiscal year: The fiscal year is the accounting period for the government. For the federal government, this begins on October 1 and ends on September 30. The fiscal year is designated by the calendar year in which it ends; for example, fiscal year 2006 begins on October 1, 2005 and ends on September 30, 2006. Forgery: The fraudulent signing or alteration of another's name to an instrument such as a deed, mortgage, or check. The intent of the forgery is to deceive or defraud. Source: OCC Fraud: Intentional deception resulting in injury to another. Freedom of Information Act: A federal law that mandates that all the records created and kept by federal agencies in the executive branch of government must be open for public inspection and copying. The only exceptions are those records that fall into one of nine exempted categories listed in the statute. Source: OCC Fungible goods: means either of the following:
(i) Goods of which any unit, by nature or usage of trade, is the equivalent of any other like unit. See Michigan Laws 440.1201Gift: A voluntary transfer or conveyance of property without consideration, or for less than full and adequate consideration based on fair market value. Good faith: except as otherwise provided in article 5, means honesty in fact and the observance of reasonable commercial standards of fair dealing. See Michigan Laws 440.1201 Goods: means all things that are movable at the time of identification to the lease contract, or are fixtures under section 2A309, but the term does not include money, documents, instruments, accounts, chattel paper, general intangibles, or minerals or the like, including oil and gas, before extraction. See Michigan Laws 440.2803 Holder: means any of the following:
(i) A person in possession of a negotiable instrument that is payable either to bearer or to an identified person that is the person in possession. See Michigan Laws 440.1201in writing: shall be construed to include printing, engraving, and lithographing; except that if the written signature of a person is required by law, the signature shall be the proper handwriting of the person or, if the person is unable to write, the person's proper mark, which may be, unless otherwise expressly prohibited by law, a clear and classifiable fingerprint of the person made with ink or another substance. See Michigan Laws 8.3q Incorporating municipality: means a municipality that becomes part of a new authority in the manner provided in section 2, or joins an existing authority in the manner provided in section 3. See Michigan Laws 124.601 Injunction: An order of the court prohibiting (or compelling) the performance of a specific act to prevent irreparable damage or injury. Insolvency proceedings: includes an assignment for the benefit of creditors or other proceeding intended to liquidate or rehabilitate the estate of the person involved. See Michigan Laws 440.1201 Insolvent: means any of the following:
(i) Having generally ceased to pay debts in the ordinary course of business other than as a result of a bona fide dispute. See Michigan Laws 440.1201Installment lease contract: means a lease contract that authorizes or requires the delivery of goods in separate lots to be separately accepted, even though the lease contract contains a clause "each delivery is a separate lease" or its equivalent. See Michigan Laws 440.2803 Jurisdiction: (1) The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a case. Concurrent jurisdiction exists when two courts have simultaneous responsibility for the same case. (2) The geographic area over which the court has authority to decide cases. Lease: A contract transferring the use of property or occupancy of land, space, structures, or equipment in consideration of a payment (e.g., rent). Source: OCC Lease: means a transfer of the right to possession and use of goods for a term in return for consideration, but a sale, including a sale on approval or a sale or return, or retention or creation of a security interest is not a lease. See Michigan Laws 440.2803 Lease agreement: means the bargain, with respect to the lease, of the lessor and the lessee in fact as found in their language or by implication from other circumstances including course of dealing or usage of trade or course of performance as provided in this article. See Michigan Laws 440.2803 Lease contract: means the total legal obligation that results from the lease agreement as affected by this article and any other applicable rules of law. See Michigan Laws 440.2803 Leasehold interest: means the interest of the lessor or the lessee under a lease contract. See Michigan Laws 440.2803 Lessee: means a person who acquires the right to possession and use of goods under a lease. See Michigan Laws 440.2803 Lessor: means a person who transfers the right to possession and use of goods under a lease. See Michigan Laws 440.2803 Liabilities: The aggregate of all debts and other legal obligations of a particular person or legal entity. Lien: A claim against real or personal property in satisfaction of a debt. Lien: means a charge against or interest in goods to secure payment of a debt or performance of an obligation, but the term does not include a security interest. See Michigan Laws 440.2803 Litigation: A case, controversy, or lawsuit. Participants (plaintiffs and defendants) in lawsuits are called litigants. Lot: means a parcel or a single article that is the subject matter of a separate lease or delivery, whether or not it is sufficient to perform the lease contract. See Michigan Laws 440.2803 Majority leader: see Floor Leaders Maker: means a person who signs or is identified in a note as a person undertaking to pay. See Michigan Laws 440.3103 Merchant lessee: means a lessee that is a merchant with respect to goods of the kind subject to the lease. See Michigan Laws 440.2803 Money: means a medium of exchange authorized or adopted by a domestic or foreign government. See Michigan Laws 440.1201 Mortgage: The written agreement pledging property to a creditor as collateral for a loan. Municipal emergency service: means an emergency service performed by a municipality, rather than by an authority. See Michigan Laws 124.601 Municipality: means a county, city, village, or township. See Michigan Laws 124.601 Municipality: means a county, city, village, or township in the state. See Michigan Laws 125.72 Municipality: means a city, village, or township. See Michigan Laws 125.133 Obligation: An order placed, contract awarded, service received, or similar transaction during a given period that will require payments during the same or a future period. Order: means a written instruction to pay money signed by the person giving the instruction. See Michigan Laws 440.3103 Organization: means a person other than an individual. See Michigan Laws 440.1201 Participating: means , with respect to a municipality, that the municipality is a member of a joint planning commission. See Michigan Laws 125.133 Partnership: A voluntary contract between two or more persons to pool some or all of their assets into a business, with the agreement that there will be a proportional sharing of profits and losses. Party: means a party to an instrument. See Michigan Laws 440.3103 Person: means an individual, corporation, business trust, estate, trust, partnership, limited liability company, association, joint venture, government, governmental subdivision, agency, or instrumentality, public corporation, or any other legal or commercial entity. See Michigan Laws 440.1201 person: may extend and be applied to bodies politic and corporate, as well as to individuals. See Michigan Laws 8.3l Personal property: All property that is not real property. Plaintiff: The person who files the complaint in a civil lawsuit. Pleadings: Written statements of the parties in a civil case of their positions. In the federal courts, the principal pleadings are the complaint and the answer. Political subdivision: means a village, city, township, county, or a university of this state. See Michigan Laws 257.1572 Present value: means the amount as of a date certain of 1 or more sums payable in the future, discounted to the date certain. See Michigan Laws 440.2803 Project: means all of the undertakings authorized in this act for the rehabilitation of a blighted area. See Michigan Laws 125.72 Promise: means a written undertaking to pay money signed by the person undertaking to pay. See Michigan Laws 440.3103 Prosecute: To charge someone with a crime. A prosecutor tries a criminal case on behalf of the government. Public transportation: means the movement of individuals and goods by publicly owned bus, rapid transit vehicle, or other conveyance that provides general or special service to the public, but not including school buses or charter or sightseeing service or transportation that is used exclusively for school purposes. See Michigan Laws 124.542 Public use: when used with reference to land reserved for public use means only such uses as are for the general use and benefit of the public as a whole, such as schools, libraries, public institutions, administration buildings, parks, boulevards, playgrounds, streets, alleys, or easements for sewers, public lighting, water, gas, or other similar utilities. See Michigan Laws 125.72 Purchase: includes taking by sale, lease, mortgage, security interest, pledge, gift, or any other voluntary transaction creating an interest in goods. See Michigan Laws 440.2803 Purchase: means taking by sale, lease, discount, negotiation, mortgage, pledge, lien, security interest, issue or reissue, gift, or any other voluntary transaction creating an interest in property. See Michigan Laws 440.1201 Purchaser: means a person that takes by purchase. See Michigan Laws 440.1201 Real property: Land, and all immovable fixtures erected on, growing on, or affixed to the land. Real property: means land, buildings, improvements, land under water, waterfront property, and any and all easements, franchises and hereditaments, corporeal or incorporeal, and every estate, interest, privilege, easement, franchise and right therein, or appurtenant thereto, legal or equitable, including rights of way, terms for years, and liens, charges, or incumbrances by mortgage, judgment, or otherwise. See Michigan Laws 125.72 Record: means information that is inscribed on a tangible medium or that is stored in an electronic or other medium and is retrievable in perceivable form. See Michigan Laws 440.1201 Recourse: An arrangement in which a bank retains, in form or in substance, any credit risk directly or indirectly associated with an asset it has sold (in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles) that exceeds a pro rata share of the bank's claim on the asset. If a bank has no claim on an asset it has sold, then the retention of any credit risk is recourse. Source: FDIC Remainder: An interest in property that takes effect in the future at a specified time or after the occurrence of some event, such as the death of a life tenant. Remedy: means any remedial right to which an aggrieved party is entitled with or without resort to a tribunal. See Michigan Laws 440.1201 Remitter: means a person who purchases an instrument from its issuer if the instrument is payable to an identified person other than the purchaser. See Michigan Laws 440.3103 Representative: means a person empowered to act for another, including an agent, an officer of a corporation or association, and a trustee, executor, or administrator of an estate. See Michigan Laws 440.1201 Rescission: The cancellation of budget authority previously provided by Congress. The Impoundment Control Act of 1974 specifies that the President may propose to Congress that funds be rescinded. If both Houses have not approved a rescission proposal (by passing legislation) within 45 days of continuous session, any funds being withheld must be made available for obligation. Restitution: The court-ordered payment of money by the defendant to the victim for damages caused by the criminal action. Right: includes remedy. See Michigan Laws 440.1201 seal: shall be construed to include any of the following:
(a) The impression of the seal on the paper alone. See Michigan Laws 8.3nSecurity interest: means an interest in personal property or fixtures which secures payment or performance of an obligation. See Michigan Laws 440.1201 Service of process: The service of writs or summonses to the appropriate party. Settlement: Parties to a lawsuit resolve their difference without having a trial. Settlements often involve the payment of compensation by one party in satisfaction of the other party's claims. Sidewalk: means a paved public sidewalk intended for pedestrian use situated outside of and adjacent to the improved portion of a street or highway designed for vehicular travel. See Michigan Laws 257.1572 Signed: includes any symbol executed or adopted by a party with present intention to adopt or accept a writing. See Michigan Laws 440.1201 State: means a state of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, or any territory or insular possession subject to the jurisdiction of the United States. See Michigan Laws 440.1201 state: when applied to the different parts of the United States, shall be construed to extend to and include the District of Columbia and the several territories belonging to the United States; and the words "United States" shall be construed to include the district and territories. See Michigan Laws 8.3o Statute: A law passed by a legislature. Statute of limitations: A law that sets the time within which parties must take action to enforce their rights. Sublease: means a lease of goods the right to possession and use of which was acquired by the lessor as a lessee under an existing lease. See Michigan Laws 440.2803 Supplier: means a person from whom a lessor buys or leases goods to be leased under a finance lease. See Michigan Laws 440.2803 Supply contract: means a contract under which a lessor buys or leases goods to be leased. See Michigan Laws 440.2803 Term: means a portion of an agreement that relates to a particular matter. See Michigan Laws 440.1201 Testimony: Evidence presented orally by witnesses during trials or before grand juries. third party: means a person that has engaged in a transaction or made an agreement subject to this act. See Michigan Laws 440.1201 Trial: A hearing that takes place when the defendant pleads "not guilty" and witnesses are required to come to court to give evidence. Trustee: A person or institution holding and administering property in trust. Unauthorized signature: means a signature made without actual, implied, or apparent authority. See Michigan Laws 440.1201 Uniform Commercial Code: A set of statutes enacted by the various states to provide consistency among the states' commercial laws. It includes negotiable instruments, sales, stock transfers, trust and warehouse receipts, and bills of lading. Source: OCC United States: shall be construed to include the district and territories. See Michigan Laws 8.3o Variable Rate: Having a "variable" rate means that the APR changes from time to time based on fluctuations in an external rate, normally the Prime Rate. This external rate is known as the "index." If the index changes, the variable rate normally changes. Also see Fixed Rate. Veto: The procedure established under the Constitution by which the President/Governor refuses to approve a bill or joint resolution and thus prevents its enactment into law. A regular veto occurs when the President/Governor returns the legislation to the house in which it originated. The President/Governor usually returns a vetoed bill with a message indicating his reasons for rejecting the measure. In Congress, the veto can be overridden only by a two-thirds vote in both the Senate and the House. writing: includes printing, typewriting, or any other intentional reduction to tangible form. See Michigan Laws 440.1201