Michigan Laws > Chapter 450 > Act 327 of 1931 – Michigan General Corporation Statute
Current as of: 2024 | Check for updates
|
Other versions
Terms Used In Michigan Laws > Chapter 450 > Act 327 of 1931 - Michigan General Corporation Statute
- Abandoned: means left without provision for reasonable and necessary care or supervision. See Michigan Laws 722.1102
- Active efforts: means actions to provide remedial services and rehabilitative programs designed to prevent the breakup of the Indian family and to reunify the Indian child with the Indian family. See Michigan Laws 712B.3
- Affidavit: A written statement of facts confirmed by the oath of the party making it, before a notary or officer having authority to administer oaths.
- Amendment: A proposal to alter the text of a pending bill or other measure by striking out some of it, by inserting new language, or both. Before an amendment becomes part of the measure, thelegislature must agree to it.
- annual meeting: when applied to townships, mean the annual meeting required by law to be held on the Saturday immediately preceding the first Monday in April. See Michigan Laws 8.3d
- Appeal: A request made after a trial, asking another court (usually the court of appeals) to decide whether the trial was conducted properly. To make such a request is "to appeal" or "to take an appeal." One who appeals is called the appellant.
- Assets: (1) The property comprising the estate of a deceased person, or (2) the property in a trust account.
- Bankruptcy: Refers to statutes and judicial proceedings involving persons or businesses that cannot pay their debts and seek the assistance of the court in getting a fresh start. Under the protection of the bankruptcy court, debtors may discharge their debts, perhaps by paying a portion of each debt. Bankruptcy judges preside over these proceedings.
- Bequeath: To gift property by will.
- Bequest: Property gifted by will.
- Charity: An agency, institution, or organization in existence and operating for the benefit of an indefinite number of persons and conducted for educational, religious, scientific, medical, or other beneficent purposes.
- Child: means an individual who is younger than 18 years of age. See Michigan Laws 722.1102
- Child custody proceeding: includes , but is not limited to, 1 or more of the following:
(i) Foster care placement. See Michigan Laws 712B.3Child-custody determination: means a judgment, decree, or other court order providing for legal custody, physical custody, or parenting time with respect to a child. See Michigan Laws 722.1102 Child-custody proceeding: means a proceeding in which legal custody, physical custody, or parenting time with respect to a child is an issue. See Michigan Laws 722.1102 Commencement: means the filing of the first pleading in a proceeding. See Michigan Laws 722.1102 Complaint: A written statement by the plaintiff stating the wrongs allegedly committed by the defendant. Computer: means any connected, directly interoperable or interactive device, equipment, or facility that uses a computer program or other instructions to perform specific operations including logical, arithmetic, or memory functions with or on computer data or a computer program and that can store, retrieve, alter, or communicate the results of the operations to a person, computer program, computer, computer system, or computer network. See Michigan Laws 722.673 Computer network: means the interconnection of hardwire or wireless communication lines with a computer through remote terminals, or a complex consisting of 2 or more interconnected computers. See Michigan Laws 722.673 Computer program: means a series of internal or external instructions communicated in a form acceptable to a computer that directs the functioning of a computer, computer system, or computer network in a manner designed to provide or produce products or results from the computer, computer system, or computer network. See Michigan Laws 722.673 Computer system: means a set of related, connected or unconnected, computer equipment, devices, software, or hardware. See Michigan Laws 722.673 Concurrent resolution: A legislative measure, designated "S. Con. Res." and numbered consecutively upon introduction, generally employed to address the sentiments of both chambers, to deal with issues or matters affecting both houses, such as a concurrent budget resolution, or to create a temporary joint committee. Concurrent resolutions are not submitted to the President/Governor and thus do not have the force of law. Contract: A legal written agreement that becomes binding when signed. Conviction: A judgement of guilt against a criminal defendant. Corporation: A legal entity owned by the holders of shares of stock that have been issued, and that can own, receive, and transfer property, and carry on business in its own name. Counterclaim: A claim that a defendant makes against a plaintiff. County juvenile agency: means that term as defined in section 2 of the county juvenile agency act, 1998 PA 518, MCL 45. See Michigan Laws 712A.1 Court: means the family division of circuit court. See Michigan Laws 712A.1 Court: means the family division of circuit court or the probate court. See Michigan Laws 712B.3 Court: means an entity authorized under the law of a state to establish, enforce, or modify a child-custody determination. See Michigan Laws 722.1102 Culturally appropriate services: means services that enhance an Indian child's and family's relationship to, identification, and connection with the Indian child's tribe. See Michigan Laws 712B.3 Damages: Money paid by defendants to successful plaintiffs in civil cases to compensate the plaintiffs for their injuries. Deed: The legal instrument used to transfer title in real property from one person to another. Defendant: In a civil suit, the person complained against; in a criminal case, the person accused of the crime. Department: means the department of health and human services. See Michigan Laws 712A.1 Department: means the department of health and human services or a successor department or agency. See Michigan Laws 712B.3 Deposition: An oral statement made before an officer authorized by law to administer oaths. Such statements are often taken to examine potential witnesses, to obtain discovery, or to be used later in trial. Device: includes , but is not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, electrochemical, biochemical, hydraulic, optical, or organic object that performs input, output, or storage functions by the manipulation of electronic, magnetic, or other impulses. See Michigan Laws 722.673 Devise: To gift property by will. Display: means to put or set out to view or to make visible. See Michigan Laws 722.671 Disseminate: means to sell, lend, give, exhibit, show, or allow to examine or to offer or agree to do the same. See Michigan Laws 722.671 Disseminate: means to sell, lend, give, exhibit, show, or allow to examine or to offer or agree to do the same. See Michigan Laws 722.686 Donor: The person who makes a gift. Equitable: Pertaining to civil suits in "equity" rather than in "law." In English legal history, the courts of "law" could order the payment of damages and could afford no other remedy. See damages. A separate court of "equity" could order someone to do something or to cease to do something. See, e.g., injunction. In American jurisprudence, the federal courts have both legal and equitable power, but the distinction is still an important one. For example, a trial by jury is normally available in "law" cases but not in "equity" cases. Source: U.S. Courts Erotic fondling: means touching a person's clothed or unclothed genitals, pubic area, buttocks, or, if the person is female, breasts, for the purpose of sexual gratification or stimulation. See Michigan Laws 722.672 Escheat: Reversion of real or personal property to the state when 1) a person dies without leaving a will and has no heirs, or 2) when the property (such as a bank account) has been inactive for a certain period of time. Source: OCC Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other. Exhibit: means to do 1 or more of the following:
(i) Present a performance. See Michigan Laws 722.671Extended family members: means that term as defined by the law or custom of the Indian child's tribe or, in the absence of that law or custom, means a person who has reached the age of 18 and who is the Indian child's grandparent, aunt or uncle, brother or sister, brother-in-law or sister-in-law, niece or nephew, first or second cousin, or stepparent and includes the term "relative" as that term is defined in section 13a(j) of chapter XIIA. See Michigan Laws 712B.3 Fair market value: The price at which an asset would change hands in a transaction between a willing, informed buyer and a willing, informed seller. Foster home or institution: means a child caring institution as that term is defined in section 1 of 1973 PA 116, MCL 722. See Michigan Laws 712B.3 Fraud: Intentional deception resulting in injury to another. Gift: A voluntary transfer or conveyance of property without consideration, or for less than full and adequate consideration based on fair market value. Grantor: The person who establishes a trust and places property into it. grantor: may be construed as including every person from or by whom any estate in lands passes in or by any deed. See Michigan Laws 8.3e Guardian: A person legally empowered and charged with the duty of taking care of and managing the property of another person who because of age, intellect, or health, is incapable of managing his (her) own affairs. Guardian: means a person who has qualified as a guardian of a minor under a parental or spousal nomination or a court order issued under section 19a or 19c of chapter XIIA, section 5204 or 5205 of the estates and protected individuals code, 1998 PA 386, MCL 700. See Michigan Laws 712B.3 Guardian ad litem: means an individual whom the court appoints to assist the court in determining the child's best interests. See Michigan Laws 712B.3 Harmful to minors: means sexually explicit matter that meets all of the following criteria:
(i) Considered as a whole, it appeals to the prurient interest of minors as determined by contemporary local community standards. See Michigan Laws 722.674Harmful to minors: means having all of the following characteristics:
(i) Considered as a whole, appeals to the morbid interest in asocial, aggressive behavior of minors as determined by contemporary local community standards. See Michigan Laws 722.686Home state: means the state in which a child lived with a parent or a person acting as a parent for at least 6 consecutive months immediately before the commencement of a child-custody proceeding. See Michigan Laws 722.1102 in writing: shall be construed to include printing, engraving, and lithographing; except that if the written signature of a person is required by law, the signature shall be the proper handwriting of the person or, if the person is unable to write, the person's proper mark, which may be, unless otherwise expressly prohibited by law, a clear and classifiable fingerprint of the person made with ink or another substance. See Michigan Laws 8.3q Indemnification: In general, a collateral contract or assurance under which one person agrees to secure another person against either anticipated financial losses or potential adverse legal consequences. Source: FDIC Indian: means any member of any Indian tribe, band, nation, or other organized group or community of Indians recognized as eligible for the services provided to Indians by the secretary because of their status as Indians, including any Alaska native village as defined in section 1602(c) of the Alaska native claims settlement act, 43 USC 1602. See Michigan Laws 712B.3 Indian child: means an unmarried person who is under the age of 18 and is either of the following:
(i) A member of an Indian tribe. See Michigan Laws 712B.3Indian child welfare act: means the Indian child welfare act of 1978, 25 USC 1901 to 1963. See Michigan Laws 712B.3 Indian custodian: means any Indian person who has custody of an Indian child under tribal law or custom or under state law or to whom temporary physical care, custody, and control have been transferred by the Indian child's parent. See Michigan Laws 712B.3 Indian organization: means any group, association, partnership, corporation, or other legal entity owned or controlled by Indians, or a majority of whose members are Indians. See Michigan Laws 712B.3 Injunction: An order of the court prohibiting (or compelling) the performance of a specific act to prevent irreparable damage or injury. instrument of trust: as used in this act shall be construed to mean and refer to any lawful deed of gift, grant, agreement, or any last will and testament by which the donor, grantor, or testator shall give, grant, devise, or bequeath any property, real, personal or mixed, in trust for general or specific uses; and any and all conditions, terms or directions contained therein, and any act, declaration or instructions of a legal nature made by any corporation or body directing or authorizing trustees thereunder to take, receive, hold, manage or dispose of any of the property of such corporation for general or specific purposes for the benefit of such persons or objects as may be therein designated. See Michigan Laws 450.149 Jurisdiction: (1) The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a case. Concurrent jurisdiction exists when two courts have simultaneous responsibility for the same case. (2) The geographic area over which the court has authority to decide cases. juvenile: means a person who is less than 17 years of age who is the subject of a delinquency petition. See Michigan Laws 712A.1 Lawyer-guardian ad litem: means an attorney appointed under section 21 of this chapter. See Michigan Laws 712B.3 Lease: A contract transferring the use of property or occupancy of land, space, structures, or equipment in consideration of a payment (e.g., rent). Source: OCC Liabilities: The aggregate of all debts and other legal obligations of a particular person or legal entity. Licensed child caring institution: means a child caring institution as defined and licensed under 1973 PA 116, MCL 722. See Michigan Laws 712A.1 Lien: A claim against real or personal property in satisfaction of a debt. Litigation: A case, controversy, or lawsuit. Participants (plaintiffs and defendants) in lawsuits are called litigants. Local community: means the county in which the matter was disseminated. See Michigan Laws 722.674 Minor: means a person less than 18 years of age. See Michigan Laws 722.671 Minor: means a person less than 17 years of age. See Michigan Laws 722.686 Modification: means a child-custody determination that changes, replaces, supersedes, or is otherwise made after a previous child-custody determination concerning the same child, whether or not it is made by the court that made the previous child-custody determination. See Michigan Laws 722.1102 Mortgage: The written agreement pledging property to a creditor as collateral for a loan. Nudity: means the lewd display of the human male or female genitals or pubic area. See Michigan Laws 722.672 Obligation: An order placed, contract awarded, service received, or similar transaction during a given period that will require payments during the same or a future period. Official tribal representative: means an individual who is designated by the Indian child's tribe to represent the tribe in a court overseeing a child custody proceeding. See Michigan Laws 712B.3 Parent: means any biological parent or parents of an Indian child or any person who has lawfully adopted an Indian child, including adoptions under tribal law or custom. See Michigan Laws 712B.3 Partnership: A voluntary contract between two or more persons to pool some or all of their assets into a business, with the agreement that there will be a proportional sharing of profits and losses. Person: means an individual, corporation, business trust, estate, trust, partnership, limited liability company, association, joint venture, or government; governmental subdivision, agency, or instrumentality; public corporation; or any other legal or commercial entity. See Michigan Laws 722.1102 person: may extend and be applied to bodies politic and corporate, as well as to individuals. See Michigan Laws 8.3l Person acting as a parent: means a person, other than a parent, who meets both of the following criteria:
(i) Has physical custody of the child or has had physical custody for a period of 6 consecutive months, including a temporary absence, within 1 year immediately before the commencement of a child-custody proceeding. See Michigan Laws 722.1102Personal property: All property that is not real property. Petitioner: means a person who seeks enforcement of a child-custody determination or enforcement of an order for return of a child under the Hague convention on the civil aspects of international child abduction. See Michigan Laws 722.1301 Physical custody: means the physical care and supervision of a child. See Michigan Laws 722.1102 Pleadings: Written statements of the parties in a civil case of their positions. In the federal courts, the principal pleadings are the complaint and the answer. Probate: Proving a will Probation: A sentencing alternative to imprisonment in which the court releases convicted defendants under supervision as long as certain conditions are observed. Prurient interest: means a lustful interest in sexual stimulation or gratification. See Michigan Laws 722.674 Public law: A public bill or joint resolution that has passed both chambers and been enacted into law. Public laws have general applicability nationwide. Quorum: The number of legislators that must be present to do business. Real property: Land, and all immovable fixtures erected on, growing on, or affixed to the land. Register: means to comply with the procedures of section 304 to make a child-custody determination enforceable in this state. See Michigan Laws 722.1102 Reporter: Makes a record of court proceedings and prepares a transcript, and also publishes the court's opinions or decisions (in the courts of appeals). Reservation: means Indian country as defined in 18 USC 1151 and any lands, not covered under that section, title to which is either held by the United States in trust for the benefit of any Indian tribe or individual or held by any Indian tribe or individual subject to a restriction by the United States against alienation. See Michigan Laws 712B.3 Restitution: The court-ordered payment of money by the defendant to the victim for damages caused by the criminal action. Restricted area: means any of the following:
(i) An area where sexually explicit matter is displayed only in a manner that prevents public view of the lower 2/3 of the matter's cover or exterior. See Michigan Laws 722.671Sadomasochistic abuse: means either of the following:
(i) Flagellation, or torture, for sexual stimulation or gratification, by or upon a person who is nude or clad only in undergarments or in a revealing or bizarre costume. See Michigan Laws 722.672seal: shall be construed to include any of the following:
(a) The impression of the seal on the paper alone. See Michigan Laws 8.3nSecretary: means the Secretary of the Interior. See Michigan Laws 712B.3 Service of process: The service of writs or summonses to the appropriate party. Settlement: Parties to a lawsuit resolve their difference without having a trial. Settlements often involve the payment of compensation by one party in satisfaction of the other party's claims. Sexual excitement: means the condition of human male or female genitals when in a state of sexual stimulation or arousal. See Michigan Laws 722.672 Sexual intercourse: means intercourse, real or simulated, whether genital-genital, oral-genital, anal-genital, or oral-anal, whether between persons of the same or opposite sex or between a human and an animal. See Michigan Laws 722.672 Sexually explicit matter: means sexually explicit visual material, sexually explicit verbal material, or sexually explicit performance. See Michigan Laws 722.673 Sexually explicit performance: means a motion picture, video game, exhibition, show, representation, or other presentation that, in whole or in part, depicts nudity, sexual excitement, erotic fondling, sexual intercourse, or sadomasochistic abuse. See Michigan Laws 722.673 Sexually explicit verbal material: means a book, pamphlet, magazine, printed matter reproduced in any manner, or sound recording that contains an explicit and detailed verbal description or narrative account of sexual excitement, erotic fondling, sexual intercourse, or sadomasochistic abuse. See Michigan Laws 722.673 Sexually explicit visual material: means a picture, photograph, drawing, sculpture, motion picture film, video game, or similar visual representation that depicts nudity, sexual excitement, erotic fondling, sexual intercourse, or sadomasochistic abuse, or a book, magazine, or pamphlet that contains such a visual representation. See Michigan Laws 722.673 shall not apply: means that the pertinent provision is not operative as to certain persons or things or in conjunction with a particular date or dates. See Michigan Laws 8.4c State: means a state of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, or a territory or insular possession subject to the jurisdiction of the United States. See Michigan Laws 722.1102 state: when applied to the different parts of the United States, shall be construed to extend to and include the District of Columbia and the several territories belonging to the United States; and the words "United States" shall be construed to include the district and territories. See Michigan Laws 8.3o Statute: A law passed by a legislature. Testator: A male person who leaves a will at death. Testify: Answer questions in court. Testimony: Evidence presented orally by witnesses during trials or before grand juries. Transcript: A written, word-for-word record of what was said, either in a proceeding such as a trial or during some other conversation, as in a transcript of a hearing or oral deposition. Trial: A hearing that takes place when the defendant pleads "not guilty" and witnesses are required to come to court to give evidence. Tribal court: means a court with jurisdiction over child custody proceedings that is either a court of Indian offenses, a court established and operated under the code or custom of an Indian tribe, or any other administrative body of a tribe that is vested with authority over child custody proceedings. See Michigan Laws 712B.3 tribe: means any Indian tribe, band, nation, or other organized group or community of Indians recognized as eligible for the services provided to Indians by the secretary because of their status as Indians, including any Alaska native village as defined in section 1602(c) of the Alaska native claims settlement act, 43 USC 1602. See Michigan Laws 712B.3 Tribe: means an Indian tribe or band, or Alaskan native village, that is recognized by federal law or formally acknowledged by a state. See Michigan Laws 722.1102 Trustee: A person or institution holding and administering property in trust. Ultra-violent explicit video game: means a video game that continually and repetitively depicts extreme and loathsome violence. See Michigan Laws 722.686 United States: shall be construed to include the district and territories. See Michigan Laws 8.3o Video game: means an object or device that stores recorded data or instructions generated by a person who uses it, and by processing the data or instructions creates an interactive game capable of being played, viewed, or experienced on or through a computer, gaming system, game console, or other technology. See Michigan Laws 722.673 Video game: means an object or device that stores recorded data or instructions generated by a person who uses it, and by processing the data or instructions creates an interactive game capable of being played, viewed, or experienced on or through a computer, gaming system, game console, or other technology. See Michigan Laws 722.686