Michigan Laws > Chapter 600 > Act 236 of 1961 > Chapter 5 – Circuit Courts: Organization and Powers
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Terms Used In Michigan Laws > Chapter 600 > Act 236 of 1961 > Chapter 5 - Circuit Courts: Organization and Powers
- Adjourn: A motion to adjourn a legislative chamber or a committee, if passed, ends that day's session.
- Advice and consent: Under the Constitution, presidential nominations for executive and judicial posts take effect only when confirmed by the Senate, and international treaties become effective only when the Senate approves them by a two-thirds vote.
- Allegation: something that someone says happened.
- Answer: The formal written statement by a defendant responding to a civil complaint and setting forth the grounds for defense.
- Appeal: A request made after a trial, asking another court (usually the court of appeals) to decide whether the trial was conducted properly. To make such a request is "to appeal" or "to take an appeal." One who appeals is called the appellant.
- Appropriation: The provision of funds, through an annual appropriations act or a permanent law, for federal agencies to make payments out of the Treasury for specified purposes. The formal federal spending process consists of two sequential steps: authorization
- Attachment: A procedure by which a person's property is seized to pay judgments levied by the court.
- Certified health department: means a county, district, or city health department that meets the criteria for certification of health departments established by this act and that is authorized by the director to enforce this act for retail groceries, food processors, or fair concessions. See Michigan Laws 289.3103
- Chambers: A judge's office.
- Chief judge: The judge who has primary responsibility for the administration of a court but also decides cases; chief judges are determined by seniority.
- Civil infraction: means an act or omission that is prohibited by a law and is not a crime under that law or that is prohibited by an ordinance, as defined in section 8701, and is not a crime under that ordinance, and for which civil sanctions may be ordered. See Michigan Laws 600.113
- Commissioner: means the department of labor and economic opportunity. See Michigan Laws 408.1101
- Complaint: A written statement by the plaintiff stating the wrongs allegedly committed by the defendant.
- Construction mechanic: means a skilled or unskilled mechanic, laborer, worker, helper, assistant, or apprentice working on a state project but shall not include executive, administrative, professional, office, or custodial employees. See Michigan Laws 408.1101
- Consumer: means an individual who is a member of the public, takes possession of food, is not functioning in the capacity of an operator of a food establishment or food processor, and does not offer the food for resale. See Michigan Laws 289.1105
- Continuance: Putting off of a hearing ot trial until a later time.
- Contract: A legal written agreement that becomes binding when signed.
- Contracting agent: means any officer, school board, board or commission of the state, or a state institution supported in whole or in part by state funds, authorized to enter into a contract for a state project or to perform a state project by the direct employment of labor. See Michigan Laws 408.1101
- Conviction: A judgement of guilt against a criminal defendant.
- Corporation: A legal entity owned by the holders of shares of stock that have been issued, and that can own, receive, and transfer property, and carry on business in its own name.
- Damages: Money paid by defendants to successful plaintiffs in civil cases to compensate the plaintiffs for their injuries.
- Deed: The legal instrument used to transfer title in real property from one person to another.
- Defendant: In a civil suit, the person complained against; in a criminal case, the person accused of the crime.
- Department: means the department of agriculture and rural development. See Michigan Laws 289.1107
- Deposition: An oral statement made before an officer authorized by law to administer oaths. Such statements are often taken to examine potential witnesses, to obtain discovery, or to be used later in trial.
- Director: means the director of the department or his or her designee. See Michigan Laws 289.1107
- Dismissal: The dropping of a case by the judge without further consideration or hearing. Source:
- Equitable: Pertaining to civil suits in "equity" rather than in "law." In English legal history, the courts of "law" could order the payment of damages and could afford no other remedy. See damages. A separate court of "equity" could order someone to do something or to cease to do something. See, e.g., injunction. In American jurisprudence, the federal courts have both legal and equitable power, but the distinction is still an important one. For example, a trial by jury is normally available in "law" cases but not in "equity" cases. Source: U.S. Courts
- Evaluation: means a food safety audit, inspection, or food safety and sanitation assessment, whether announced or unannounced, that identifies violations or verifies compliance with this act and determines the degree of active control by food establishment operators over foodborne illness risk factors. See Michigan Laws 289.1107
- Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other.
- Extended retail food establishment: means a retail grocery that does both of the following:
(i) Serves or provides an unpackaged food for immediate consumption. See Michigan Laws 289.1107Fair: means a fair or exhibition operated and managed under 1929 PA 11, MCL 46. See Michigan Laws 289.1107 Fiscal year: The fiscal year is the accounting period for the government. For the federal government, this begins on October 1 and ends on September 30. The fiscal year is designated by the calendar year in which it ends; for example, fiscal year 2006 begins on October 1, 2005 and ends on September 30, 2006. Food: means articles used for food or drink for humans or other animals, chewing gum, and articles used for components of any such article. See Michigan Laws 289.1107 Food code: means "Food Code, 2009 Recommendations of the United States Public Health Service Food and Drug Administration" which regulates the design, construction, management, and operation of certain food establishments. See Michigan Laws 289.1107 Food establishment: means an operation where food is processed, packed, canned, preserved, frozen, fabricated, stored, prepared, served, vended, sold, or offered for sale. See Michigan Laws 289.1107 Food processor: means a food establishment that processes, manufactures, wholesales, packages, labels, or stores food. See Michigan Laws 289.1107 Food service establishment: means a fixed or mobile restaurant, coffee shop, cafeteria, short order cafe, luncheonette, grill, tearoom, sandwich shop, soda fountain, tavern, bar, cocktail lounge, nightclub, drive-in, industrial feeding establishment, private organization serving the public, rental hall, catering kitchen, delicatessen, theater, commissary, food concession, or similar place in which food or drink is prepared for direct consumption through service on the premises or elsewhere, and any other eating or drinking establishment or operation where food is served or provided for the public. See Michigan Laws 289.1107 Food service program: means the systematic activity of the department and a local health department for effective administration and enforcement of the food code and this act, including all of the following:
(i) Periodic evaluations of food service establishments, temporary food service establishments, vending machines, and vending machine locations for compliance with law. See Michigan Laws 289.3103Foodborne illness outbreak: means an incident where any of the following occur:
(i) Two or more persons, not of the same household, have ingested a common food and have a similar disease or similar symptoms or excrete the same pathogens, and there is a time, place, or person association between these persons. See Michigan Laws 289.3103Fraud: Intentional deception resulting in injury to another. Freedom of Information Act: A federal law that mandates that all the records created and kept by federal agencies in the executive branch of government must be open for public inspection and copying. The only exceptions are those records that fall into one of nine exempted categories listed in the statute. Source: OCC grantee: may be construed as including every person to whom any such interest or estate passes in like manner. See Michigan Laws 8.3e in writing: shall be construed to include printing, engraving, and lithographing; except that if the written signature of a person is required by law, the signature shall be the proper handwriting of the person or, if the person is unable to write, the person's proper mark, which may be, unless otherwise expressly prohibited by law, a clear and classifiable fingerprint of the person made with ink or another substance. See Michigan Laws 8.3q Inspection: means the checking or testing of observable practices against standards established in or adopted by this act, accompanied by a report of findings. See Michigan Laws 289.1109 judgment: as used in this act , includes decree. See Michigan Laws 600.112 Jurisdiction: (1) The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a case. Concurrent jurisdiction exists when two courts have simultaneous responsibility for the same case. (2) The geographic area over which the court has authority to decide cases. Juror: A person who is on the jury. Label: means a display of written, printed, or graphic matter on the immediate container of any article and includes a requirement imposed under this act that any word, statement, or other information appearing on the display also appear on the outside container or wrapper of the retail package of the article or be easily legible through the outside container or wrapper. See Michigan Laws 289.1109 Legislative session: That part of a chamber's daily session in which it considers legislative business (bills, resolutions, and actions related thereto). License holder: means the person who is legally responsible for the operation of a food establishment including the owner, the owner's agent, or other person operating under apparent authority of the owner and who possesses a valid license to operate a food establishment. See Michigan Laws 289.1109 License limitation: means an action by which the director imposes restrictions or conditions, or both, on a license of a food establishment. See Michigan Laws 289.1109 Lien: A claim against real or personal property in satisfaction of a debt. Litigation: A case, controversy, or lawsuit. Participants (plaintiffs and defendants) in lawsuits are called litigants. Local health department: means that term as defined in section 1105 of the public health code, MCL 333. See Michigan Laws 289.1109 Locality: means the county, city, village, township, or school district in which the physical work on a state project is to be performed. See Michigan Laws 408.1101 Low-risk food: means any of the following:
(i) Raw or prepackaged food that is not potentially hazardous food (time/temperature control for safety food). See Michigan Laws 289.1109Mortgage: The written agreement pledging property to a creditor as collateral for a loan. Mortgagee: The person to whom property is mortgaged and who has loaned the money. Obligation: An order placed, contract awarded, service received, or similar transaction during a given period that will require payments during the same or a future period. person: may extend and be applied to bodies politic and corporate, as well as to individuals. See Michigan Laws 8.3l Person: means an individual, sole proprietorship, partnership, corporation, association, or other legal entity. See Michigan Laws 289.1109 Personal property: All property that is not real property. Priority foundation item: means a provision in the food code whose application supports, facilitates, or enables 1 or more priority items. See Michigan Laws 289.1109 Priority item: means a provision in the food code whose application contributes directly to the elimination, prevention, or reduction to an acceptable level of hazards associated with foodborne illness or injury if there is no other provision that more directly controls the hazard. See Michigan Laws 289.1109 Probate: Proving a will Probation: A sentencing alternative to imprisonment in which the court releases convicted defendants under supervision as long as certain conditions are observed. Prosecute: To charge someone with a crime. A prosecutor tries a criminal case on behalf of the government. Public health code: means 1978 PA 368, MCL 333. See Michigan Laws 289.1109 Public law: A public bill or joint resolution that has passed both chambers and been enacted into law. Public laws have general applicability nationwide. Quorum: The number of legislators that must be present to do business. Reporter: Makes a record of court proceedings and prepares a transcript, and also publishes the court's opinions or decisions (in the courts of appeals). Retail grocery: means an operation that sells or offers to sell food to consumers for off-premises consumption. See Michigan Laws 289.1111 Rules: means administrative rules promulgated under this act pursuant to the administrative procedures act of 1969, 1969 PA 306, MCL 24. See Michigan Laws 289.1111 seal: shall be construed to include any of the following:
(a) The impression of the seal on the paper alone. See Michigan Laws 8.3nshall not apply: means that the pertinent provision is not operative as to certain persons or things or in conjunction with a particular date or dates. See Michigan Laws 8.4c Shellfish dealer: means an interstate wholesaler handling shellfish. See Michigan Laws 289.1111 Special transitory food unit: means a temporary food establishment that is licensed to operate throughout the state without the 14-day limits or a mobile food establishment that is not required to return to a commissary. See Michigan Laws 289.1111 state: when applied to the different parts of the United States, shall be construed to extend to and include the District of Columbia and the several territories belonging to the United States; and the words "United States" shall be construed to include the district and territories. See Michigan Laws 8.3o State project: means new construction, alteration, repair, installation, painting, decorating, completion, demolition, conditioning, reconditioning, or improvement of public buildings, schools, works, bridges, highways, or roads authorized by a contracting agent. See Michigan Laws 408.1101 Statute: A law passed by a legislature. Subpoena: A command to a witness to appear and give testimony. Summons: Another word for subpoena used by the criminal justice system. Temporary food establishment: means a food establishment that operates at a fixed location for a temporary period not to exceed 14 consecutive days. See Michigan Laws 289.1111 Testify: Answer questions in court. Testimony: Evidence presented orally by witnesses during trials or before grand juries. Transcript: A written, word-for-word record of what was said, either in a proceeding such as a trial or during some other conversation, as in a transcript of a hearing or oral deposition. Trial: A hearing that takes place when the defendant pleads "not guilty" and witnesses are required to come to court to give evidence. United States: shall be construed to include the district and territories. See Michigan Laws 8.3o Vending machine: means a self-service device that, upon insertion of a coin, paper currency, token, card, or key, or by manual operation, dispenses unit servings of food in bulk or in packages without the necessity of replenishing the device between each vending operation. See Michigan Laws 289.1111 Venue: The geographical location in which a case is tried. Writ: A formal written command, issued from the court, requiring the performance of a specific act.