Texas Business Organizations Code 21.3531 – Notice by Electronic Transmission
(a) On consent of a shareholder, notice from a corporation under this code, the certificate of formation, or the bylaws may be provided to the shareholder by electronic transmission. The shareholder may specify the form of electronic transmission to be used to communicate notice.
(b) Notice is considered provided under this section when the notice is:
(1) transmitted to a facsimile number provided by the shareholder for the purpose of receiving notice;
(2) transmitted to an electronic mail address provided by the shareholder for the purpose of receiving notice;
(3) posted on an electronic network and a message is sent to the shareholder at the address provided by the shareholder for the purpose of alerting the shareholder of a posting; or
(4) communicated to the shareholder by any other form of electronic transmission consented to by the shareholder.
Terms Used In Texas Business Organizations Code 21.3531
- Certificate of formation: means :
(A) the document required to be filed with the filing officer under Chapter 3 to form a filing entity; and
(B) if appropriate, a restated certificate of formation and all amendments of an original or restated certificate of formation. See Texas Business Organizations Code 1.002 - Corporation: A legal entity owned by the holders of shares of stock that have been issued, and that can own, receive, and transfer property, and carry on business in its own name.
- Corporation: means an entity governed as a corporation under Title 2 or 7. See Texas Business Organizations Code 1.002
- Electronic transmission: means a form of communication, including communication by use of or participation in one or more electronic data systems, that:
(A) does not directly involve the physical transmission of paper;
(B) creates a record that may be retained, retrieved, and reviewed by the recipient; and
(C) may be directly reproduced in paper form by the recipient through an automated process. See Texas Business Organizations Code 1.002 - Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other.
- Fraud: Intentional deception resulting in injury to another.
- Person: means an individual or a corporation, partnership, limited liability company, business trust, trust, association, or other organization, estate, government or governmental subdivision or agency, or other legal entity, or a protected series or registered series of a domestic limited liability company or foreign entity. See Texas Business Organizations Code 1.002
- Secretary: means the:
(A) individual designated as secretary of an entity under the entity's governing documents; or
(B) officer or committee of persons authorized to perform the functions of secretary of an entity without regard to the designated name of the officer or committee. See Texas Business Organizations Code 1.002 - written: means an expression of words, letters, characters, numbers, symbols, figures, or other textual information that is inscribed on a tangible medium or that is stored in an electronic or other medium that is retrievable in a perceivable form. See Texas Business Organizations Code 1.002
(c) A shareholder may revoke the shareholder’s consent to receive notice by electronic transmission by providing written notice to the corporation. The shareholder’s consent is considered revoked for purposes of Subsection (a) if the corporation is unable to deliver by electronic transmission two consecutive notices, and the secretary, assistant secretary, or transfer agent of the corporation, or another person responsible for delivering notice on behalf of the corporation, knows that delivery of those two electronic transmissions was unsuccessful. Inadvertent failure to treat the unsuccessful transmissions as a revocation of the shareholder’s consent does not affect the validity of a meeting or other action.
(d) An affidavit of the secretary, assistant secretary, transfer agent, or other agent of a corporation stating that notice has been provided to a shareholder of the corporation by electronic transmission is, in the absence of fraud, prima facie evidence that the notice was provided under this section.