(a) A student may be administered an accommodated or alternative assessment instrument or may be granted an exemption from or a postponement of the administration of an assessment instrument under:
(1) § 39.023(a), (b), (c), or (l) for a period of up to one year after initial enrollment in a school in the United States if the student is an emergent bilingual student, as defined by § 29.052, and has not demonstrated proficiency in English as determined by the assessment system under Subsection (e);
(2) § 39.023(a), (b), (c), or (l) for a period of up to two years in addition to the exemption period authorized by Subdivision (1) if the student has received an exemption under Subdivision (1) and:
(A) is a recent unschooled immigrant; or
(B) is in a grade for which no assessment instrument in the primary language of the student is available; or
(3) § 39.023(a), (b), (c), or (l) for a period of up to four years, in addition to the exemption period authorized under Subdivision (1), if the student’s initial enrollment in a school in the United States was as an unschooled asylee or refugee.

(a-1) For purposes of this section, “unschooled asylee or refugee” means a student who:
(1) initially enrolled in a school in the United States as:
(A) an asylee as defined by 45 C.F.R. § 400.41; or
(B) a refugee as defined by 8 U.S.C. § 1101;
(2) has a visa issued by the United States Department of State with a Form I-94 Arrival/Departure record, or a successor document, issued by the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services that is stamped with “Asylee,” “Refugee,” or “Asylum”; and
(3) as a result of inadequate schooling outside of the United States, lacks the necessary foundation in the essential knowledge and skills of the curriculum prescribed under § 28.002, as determined by the language proficiency assessment committee established under § 29.063.
(a-2) Unless a student is enrolled in a school in the United States for a period of at least 60 consecutive days during a year, the student may not be considered to be enrolled in a school in the United States for that year for the purpose of determining a number of years under Subsection (a)(1), (2), or (3).
(b) The State Board of Education shall adopt rules under which a dyslexic student who is not exempt under Subsection (a) may use procedures including oral examinations if appropriate or may be allowed additional time or the materials or technology necessary for the student to demonstrate the student’s mastery of the competencies the assessment instruments are designed to measure.
(c) The commissioner shall develop and adopt a process for reviewing the exemption process of a school district or shared services arrangement that gives an exemption under Subsection (a)(1) as follows:
(1) to more than five percent of the students in the special education program, in the case of a district or shared services arrangement with an average daily attendance of at least 1,600;
(2) to more than 10 percent of the students in the special education program, in the case of a district or shared services arrangement with an average daily attendance of at least 190 and not more than 1,599; or
(3) to the greater of more than 10 percent of the students in the special education program or to at least five students in the special education program, in the case of a district or shared services arrangement with an average daily attendance of not more than 189.
(d) Expired.
(e) The commissioner shall develop an assessment system that shall be used for evaluating the academic progress, including reading proficiency in English, of all emergent bilingual students, as defined by § 29.052. A student who is exempt from the administration of an assessment instrument under Subsection (a)(1) or (2) who achieves reading proficiency in English as determined by the assessment system developed under this subsection shall be administered the assessment instruments described by Sections 39.023(a) and (c). The performance under the assessment system developed under this subsection of students to whom Subsection (a)(1) or (2) applies shall be included in the indicator systems under § 39.301, as applicable, the performance report under § 39.306, and the comprehensive biennial report under § 39.332. This information shall be provided in a manner that is disaggregated by the bilingual education or special language program, if any, in which the student is enrolled.
(f) In this section, “average daily attendance” is computed in the manner provided by § 48.005.
(g) For purposes of this section, “recent unschooled immigrant” means an immigrant who initially enrolled in a school in the United States not more than 12 months before the date of the administration of an assessment instrument under § 39.023(a) or (l) and who, as a result of inadequate schooling outside of the United States, lacks the necessary foundation in the essential knowledge and skills of the curriculum prescribed under § 28.002 as determined by the language proficiency assessment committee established under § 29.063. For purposes of this subsection and to the extent authorized by federal law, a child’s prior enrollment in a school in the United States shall be determined on the basis of documents and records required under § 25.002(a).