(a) A backup tax is imposed at the rate prescribed by § 162.102 on:
(1) a person who obtains a refund of tax on gasoline by claiming the gasoline was used for an off-highway purpose, but actually uses the gasoline to operate a motor vehicle on a public highway;
(2) a person who operates a motor vehicle on a public highway using gasoline on which tax has not been paid;
(3) a person who sells to the ultimate consumer gasoline on which tax has not been paid and who knew or had reason to know that the gasoline would be used for a taxable purpose;
(4) a person, other than a person exempted under § 162.104, who acquires gasoline on which tax has not been paid:
(A) in an original or subsequent sale; or
(B) from any source in this state; and
(5) a person who acquires gasoline by any unlawful means, including by purchase through the unauthorized use of a credit card, a debit card, or other money, regardless of whether tax was previously paid on the gasoline or was added to the selling price of the gasoline.
(b) If the motor vehicle described by Subsection (a)(2) is owned or leased by a person other than the operator, the tax shall be paid by either the operator or the motor vehicle’s owner or lessee.

(c) The tax imposed under Subsection (a)(3) is also imposed on the ultimate consumer.
(d) A person who sells gasoline in this state, other than by a bulk transfer, on which tax has not been paid for any purpose other than a purpose exempt under § 162.104 shall at the time of sale collect the tax from the purchaser or recipient of gasoline in addition to the selling price and is liable to this state for the taxes imposed in the manner provided by this chapter.
(e) The tax liability imposed by this section is in addition to any penalty imposed under this chapter.