Utah Code 68-3-12. Rules of construction
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Terms Used In Utah Code 68-3-12
- Obligation: An order placed, contract awarded, service received, or similar transaction during a given period that will require payments during the same or a future period.
- Person: means :(24)(a) an individual;(24)(b) an association;(24)(c) an institution;(24)(d) a corporation;(24)(e) a company;(24)(f) a trust;(24)(g) a limited liability company;(24)(h) a partnership;(24)(i) a political subdivision;(24)(j) a government office, department, division, bureau, or other body of government; and(24)(k) any other organization or entity. See Utah Code 68-3-12.5
- Precedent: A court decision in an earlier case with facts and law similar to a dispute currently before a court. Precedent will ordinarily govern the decision of a later similar case, unless a party can show that it was wrongly decided or that it differed in some significant way.
- Statute: A law passed by a legislature.
- Utah Code: means the 1953 recodification of the Utah Code, as amended, unless the text expressly references a portion of the 1953 recodification of the Utah Code as it existed:
(42)(a) on the day on which the 1953 recodification of the Utah Code was enacted; or(42)(b)(42)(b)(i) after the day described in Subsection (42)(a); and(42)(b)(ii) before the most recent amendment to the referenced portion of the 1953 recodification of the Utah Code. See Utah Code 68-3-12.5(1)(a) In the construction of a statute in the Utah Code, the general rules listed in this Subsection(1) shall be observed, unless the construction would be:(1)(a)(i) inconsistent with the manifest intent of the Legislature; or(1)(a)(ii) repugnant to the context of the statute.(1)(b) The singular includes the plural, and the plural includes the singular.(1)(c) A word used in one gender includes the other gender.(1)(d) A word used in the present tense includes the future tense.(1)(e) In accordance withTitle 46, Chapter 4, Part 5, Electronic Records in Government Agencies , a word related to the medium used in the provision of a government service may include an electronic or other medium.(1)(f) “Include,” “includes,” or “including” means that the items listed are not an exclusive list, unless the word “only” or similar language is used to expressly indicate that the list is an exclusive list.(1)(g) “May” means that an action is authorized or permissive.(1)(h) “May not” means that an action is not authorized and is prohibited.(1)(i) “Must” means, depending on the context in which it is used, that:(1)(i)(i) an action is required or mandatory;(1)(i)(ii) an action or result is compelled by necessity;(1)(i)(iii) an item is indispensable; or(1)(i)(iv) an action or event is a condition precedent to:(1)(i)(iv)(A) the authority to act;(1)(i)(iv)(B) a prohibition;(1)(i)(iv)(C) the accrual or loss of a right; or(1)(i)(iv)(D) the imposition or removal of an obligation.(1)(j) “Shall” means that an action is required or mandatory.(2)(2)(a) Except as provided in Subsection(2)(b) or(c) , the use of the following terms in the Utah Code is strongly discouraged:(2)(a)(i) “shall not”;(2)(a)(ii) “should not”;(2)(a)(iii) “must not”; or(2)(a)(iv) “but not limited to” after “include,” “includes,” or “including.”(2)(b) A term described in Subsection(2)(a) may be used when unusual circumstances exist that require the use of the term, including the use of the term:(2)(b)(i) in an interstate compact; or(2)(b)(ii) to ensure consistency with a federal law or rule.(2)(c)(2)(c)(i) Except as provided in Subsection(2)(c)(ii) , the use of the word “should” is strongly discouraged.(2)(c)(ii) The word “should” may be used to:(2)(c)(ii)(A) refer to a recommended action, including a provision that a person shall or may recommend whether an action “should” be taken;(2)(c)(ii)(B) indicate an expected standard of knowledge, including a provision that a person “should” know:(2)(c)(ii)(B)(I) whether a fact exists; or(2)(c)(ii)(B)(II) that an action is likely to cause a specified result; or(2)(c)(ii)(C) refer to a determination as to whether an action “should” have occurred.(2)(d) The use of the word “must” is strongly discouraged when the term “shall” can be used in its place.