Utah Code 75-2-707. Definitions — Survivorship with respect to future interests under terms of trust — Substitute takers
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(1) As used in this section:
Terms Used In Utah Code 75-2-707
- Application: means a written request to the registrar for an order of informal probate or appointment under Chapter 3, Part 3, Informal Probate and Appointment Proceedings. See Utah Code 75-1-201 v2
- Beneficiary: A person who is entitled to receive the benefits or proceeds of a will, trust, insurance policy, retirement plan, annuity, or other contract. Source: OCC
- Codicil: An addition, change, or supplement to a will executed with the same formalities required for the will itself.
- Continuance: Putting off of a hearing ot trial until a later time.
- Descendant: means all of an individual's descendants of all generations, with the relationship of parent and child at each generation being determined by the definition of child and parent contained in this title. See Utah Code 75-1-201 v2
- Devise: To gift property by will.
- Devise: when used as a noun, means a testamentary disposition of real or personal property and, when used as a verb, means to dispose of real or personal property by will. See Utah Code 75-1-201 v2
- Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other.
- Gift: A voluntary transfer or conveyance of property without consideration, or for less than full and adequate consideration based on fair market value.
- Governing instrument: means a deed, will, trust, insurance or annuity policy, account with POD designation, security registered in beneficiary form (TOD), pension, profit-sharing, retirement, or similar benefit plan, instrument creating or exercising a power of appointment or a power of attorney, or a dispositive, appointive, or nominative instrument of any similar type. See Utah Code 75-1-201 v2
- Property: includes both real and personal property or any interest therein and means anything that may be the subject of ownership. See Utah Code 75-1-201 v2
- Survive: includes its derivatives, such as "survives" "survived" "survivor" and "surviving. See Utah Code 75-1-201 v2
- Trust: includes :(60)(a)(i) a health savings account, as defined in Section 223of the Internal Revenue Code;(60)(a)(ii) an express trust, private or charitable, with additions thereto, wherever and however created; or(60)(a)(iii) a trust created or determined by judgment or decree under which the trust is to be administered in the manner of an express trust. See Utah Code 75-1-201 v2(1)(a) “Alternative future interest” means an expressly created future interest that can take effect in possession or enjoyment instead of another future interest on the happening of one or more events, including survival of an event or failure to survive an event, whether an event is expressed in condition-precedent, condition-subsequent, or any other form. A residuary clause in a will does not create an alternative future interest with respect to a future interest created in a nonresiduary devise in the will, whether or not the will specifically provides that lapsed or failed devises are to pass under the residuary clause.(1)(b) “Beneficiary” means the beneficiary of a future interest and includes a class member if the future interest is in the form of a class gift.(1)(c) “Class member” includes an individual who fails to survive the distribution date but who would have taken under a future interest in the form of a class gift had he survived the distribution date.(1)(d) “Distribution date” with respect to a future interest, means the time when the future interest is to take effect in possession or enjoyment. The distribution date need not occur at the beginning or end of a calendar day, but can occur at a time during the course of a day.(1)(e) “Future interest” includes an alternative future interest and a future interest in the form of a class gift.(1)(f) “Future interest under the terms of a trust” means a future interest that was created by a transfer creating a trust or to an existing trust or by an exercise of a power of appointment to an existing trust, directing the continuance of an existing trust, designating a beneficiary of an existing trust, or creating a trust.(1)(g) “Surviving beneficiary” or “surviving descendant” means a beneficiary or a descendant who neither predeceased the distribution date nor is considered to have predeceased the distribution date under Section
75-2-702 .
(2) A future interest under the terms of a trust is contingent on the beneficiary’s surviving the distribution date. If a beneficiary of a future interest under the terms of a trust fails to survive the distribution date, the following apply:
(2)(a) Except as provided in Subsection (2)(d) , if the future interest is not in the form of a class gift and the deceased beneficiary leaves surviving descendants, a substitute gift is created in the beneficiary’s surviving descendants. They take per capita at each generation the property to which the beneficiary would have been entitled had the beneficiary survived the distribution date.
(2)(b) Except as provided in Subsection (2)(d) , if the future interest is in the form of a class gift, other than a future interest to “issue,” “descendants,” “heirs of the body,” “heirs,” “next-of-kin,” “relatives,” or “family,” or a class described by language of similar import, a substitute gift is created in the surviving descendants of any deceased beneficiary. The property to which the beneficiaries would have been entitled had all of them survived the distribution date passes to the surviving beneficiaries and the surviving descendants of the deceased beneficiaries. Each surviving beneficiary takes the share to which he would have been entitled had the deceased beneficiaries survived the distribution date. Each deceased beneficiary’s surviving descendants who are substituted for the deceased beneficiary take per capita at each generation the share to which the deceased beneficiary would have been entitled had the deceased beneficiary survived the distribution date. For the purposes of this subsection, “deceased beneficiary” means a class member who failed to survive the distribution date and left one or more surviving descendants.
(2)(c) For the purposes of Section 75-2-701 , words of survivorship attached to a future interest are, in the absence of clear and convincing evidence, a sufficient indication of an intent contrary to the application of this section. Words of survivorship include words of survivorship that relate to the distribution date or to an earlier or an unspecified time, whether those words of survivorship are expressed in condition-precedent, condition-subsequent, or any other form.
(2)(d) If a governing instrument creates an alternative future interest with respect to a future interest for which a substitute gift is created by Subsection (2)(a) or (b) , the substitute gift is superseded by the alternative future interest only if an expressly designated beneficiary of the alternative future interest is entitled to take in possession or enjoyment.
(3) If, after the application of this section, there is no surviving taker, the property passes in the following order:
(3)(a) if the trust was created in a nonresiduary devise in the transferor’s will or in a codicil to the transferor’s will, the property passes under the residuary clause in the transferor’s will; for purposes of this section, the residuary clause is treated as creating a future interest under the terms of a trust; and
(3)(b) if no taker is produced by the application of Subsection (3)(a) , the property passes to the transferor’s heirs under Section 75-2-711 .