Utah Code 78B-3-414. Periodic payment of future damages in malpractice actions
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(1) In any malpractice action against a health care provider, as defined in Section 78B-3-403 , the court shall, at the request of any party, order that future damages which equal or exceed $100,000, less amounts payable for attorney fees and other costs which are due at the time of judgment, shall be paid by periodic payments rather than by a lump sum payment.
Terms Used In Utah Code 78B-3-414
- Annuity: A periodic (usually annual) payment of a fixed sum of money for either the life of the recipient or for a fixed number of years. A series of payments under a contract from an insurance company, a trust company, or an individual. Annuity payments are made at regular intervals over a period of more than one full year.
- Contract: A legal written agreement that becomes binding when signed.
- Damages: Money paid by defendants to successful plaintiffs in civil cases to compensate the plaintiffs for their injuries.
- Equal: means , with respect to biological sex, of the same value. See Utah Code 68-3-12.5
- Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other.
- Fixed Rate: Having a "fixed" rate means that the APR doesn't change based on fluctuations of some external rate (such as the "Prime Rate"). In other words, a fixed rate is a rate that is not a variable rate. A fixed APR can change over time, in several circumstances:
- You are late making a payment or commit some other default, triggering an increase to a penalty rate
- The bank changes the terms of your account and you do not reject the change.
- The rate expires (if the rate was fixed for only a certain period of time).
- Future damages: includes a judgment creditor's damages for future medical treatment, care or custody, loss of future earnings, loss of bodily function, or future pain and suffering. See Utah Code 78B-3-403
- Health care provider: includes any person, partnership, association, corporation, or other facility or institution who causes to be rendered or who renders health care or professional services as a hospital, health care facility, physician, physician assistant, registered nurse, licensed practical nurse, nurse-midwife, licensed direct-entry midwife, dentist, dental hygienist, optometrist, clinical laboratory technologist, pharmacist, physical therapist, physical therapist assistant, podiatric physician, psychologist, chiropractic physician, naturopathic physician, osteopathic physician, osteopathic physician and surgeon, audiologist, speech-language pathologist, clinical social worker, certified social worker, social service worker, marriage and family counselor, practitioner of obstetrics, licensed athletic trainer, or others rendering similar care and services relating to or arising out of the health needs of persons or groups of persons and officers, employees, or agents of any of the above acting in the course and scope of their employment. See Utah Code 78B-3-403
- Obligation: An order placed, contract awarded, service received, or similar transaction during a given period that will require payments during the same or a future period.
- Periodic payments: means the payment of money or delivery of other property to a judgment creditor at intervals ordered by the court. See Utah Code 78B-3-403
- Trial: A hearing that takes place when the defendant pleads "not guilty" and witnesses are required to come to court to give evidence.
(2) In rendering a judgment which orders the payment of future damages by periodic payments, the court shall order periodic payments to provide a fair correlation between the sustaining of losses and the payment of damages.
(2)(a) Lost future earnings shall be paid over the judgment creditor’s work life expectancy.
(2)(b) The court shall also order, when appropriate, that periodic payments increase at a fixed rate, equal to the rate of inflation which the finder of fact used to determine the amount of future damages, or as measured by the most recent Consumer Price Index applicable to Utah for all goods and services.
(2)(c) The present cash value of all periodic payments shall equal the fact finder’s award of future damages, less any amount paid for attorney fees and costs.
(2)(d) The present cash value of periodic payments shall be determined by discounting the total amount of periodic payments projected over the judgment creditor’s life expectancy, by the rate of interest which the finder of fact used to reduce the amount of future damages to present value, or the rate of interest available at the time of trial on one year U.S. Government Treasury Bills.
(3) Before periodic payments of future damages may be ordered, the court shall require a judgment debtor to post security which assures full payment of those damages. Security for payment of a judgment of periodic payments may be in one or more of the following forms:
(3)(a) a bond executed by a qualified insurer;
(3)(b) an annuity contract executed by a qualified insurer;
(3)(c) evidence of applicable and collectable liability insurance with one or more qualified insurers;
(3)(d) an agreement by one or more qualified insurers to guarantee payment of the judgment; or
(3)(e) any other form of security approved by the court.
(4) Security which complies with this section may also serve as a supersedeas bond, where one is required.
(5) A judgment which orders payment of future damages by periodic payments shall specify the recipient or recipients of the payments, the dollar amount of the payments, the interval between payments, and the number of payments or the period of time over which payments shall be made. Those payments may only be modified in the event of the death of the judgment creditor.
(6) If the court finds that the judgment debtor, or the assignee of his obligation to make periodic payments, has failed to make periodic payments as ordered by the court, it shall, in addition to the required periodic payments, order the judgment debtor or his assignee to pay the judgment creditor all damages caused by the failure to make payments, including court costs and attorney fees.
(7) The obligation to make periodic payments for all future damages, other than damages for loss of future earnings, shall cease upon the death of the judgment creditor. Damages awarded for loss of future earnings may not be reduced or payments terminated by reason of the death of the judgment creditor, but shall be paid to persons to whom the judgment creditor owed a duty of support, as provided by law, immediately prior to his death. In that case the court which rendered the original judgment may, upon petition of any party in interest, modify the judgment to award and apportion the unpaid future damages in accordance with this section.
(8) If security is posted in accordance with Subsection (3) , and approved by a final judgment entered under this section, the judgment is considered to be satisfied, and the judgment debtor on whose behalf the security is posted shall be discharged.