Vermont Statutes Title 11 Sec. 8-31
Terms Used In Vermont Statutes Title 11 Sec. 8-31
- articles: include amended and restated articles of incorporation and articles of merger. See
- board of directors: means the board of directors except that no person or group of persons are the board of directors because of powers delegated to that person or group pursuant to section 8. See
- Bylaws: means the code or codes of rules (other than the articles) adopted pursuant to this title for the regulation or management of the affairs of the corporation, stored or depicted in any tangible or electronic medium, and irrespective of the name or names by which such rules are designated. See
- Corporation: A legal entity owned by the holders of shares of stock that have been issued, and that can own, receive, and transfer property, and carry on business in its own name.
- Corporation: means public benefit and mutual benefit corporation. See
- Directors: means individuals, designated in the articles or bylaws or elected by the incorporators, and their successors and individuals elected or appointed by any other name or title to act as members of the board. See
- Entity: includes corporation and foreign corporation; business corporation and foreign business corporation; profit and nonprofit unincorporated association; business trust, estate, partnership, trust, and two or more persons having a joint or common economic interest; and state, United States; and foreign government. See
- Mutual benefit corporation: means a domestic corporation which is required to be a mutual benefit corporation pursuant to section 17. See
- Public benefit corporation: means a domestic corporation which is required to be a public benefit corporation pursuant to section 17. See
- Quorum: The number of legislators that must be present to do business.
- Trustee: A person or institution holding and administering property in trust.
- Vote: includes authorization by written ballot and written consent. See
- Voting power: means the total number of votes entitled to be cast for the election of directors at the time the determination of voting power is made, excluding a vote which is contingent upon the happening of a condition or event that has not occurred at the time. See
§ 8.31. Director conflict of interest
(a) A conflict of interest transaction is a transaction with the corporation in which a director of the corporation has a direct or indirect interest. A conflict of interest transaction is not voidable or the basis for imposing liability on the director if the transaction was fair at the time it was entered into or is approved as provided in subsection (b) or (c) of this section.
(b) A transaction in which a director of a public benefit corporation has a conflict of interest may be approved:
(1) in advance by the vote of the board of directors or a committee of the board if:
(A) the material facts of the transaction and the director’s interest are disclosed or known to the board or committee of the board; and
(B) the directors approving the transaction in good faith reasonably believe that the transaction is fair to the corporation; or
(2) before or after it is consummated by obtaining approval of the:
(A) Attorney General; or
(B) Superior Court in an action in which the Attorney General is joined as party.
(c) A transaction in which a director of a mutual benefit corporation has a conflict of interest may be approved if:
(1) the material facts of the transaction and the director’s interest were disclosed or known to the board of directors or a committee of the board and the board or committee of the board authorized, approved, or ratified the transaction; or
(2) the material facts of the transaction and the director’s interest were disclosed or known to the members and they authorized, approved, or ratified the transaction.
(d) For the purposes of this section, a director of the corporation has an indirect interest in a transaction if:
(1) another entity in which the director has a material interest or in which the director is a general partner is a party to the transaction; or
(2) another entity of which the director is a director, officer, or trustee is a party to the transaction.
(e) For purposes of subsections (b) and (c) of this section, a conflict of interest transaction is authorized, approved, or ratified if it receives the affirmative vote of a majority of the directors on the board or on the committee who have no direct or indirect interest in the transaction, but a transaction may not be authorized, approved, or ratified under this section by a single director. If a majority of the directors on the board who have no direct or indirect interest in the transaction vote to authorize, approve, or ratify the transaction, a quorum is present for the purpose of taking action under this section. The presence of, or a vote cast by, a director with a direct or indirect interest in the transaction does not affect the validity of any action taken under subdivision (b)(1) or (c)(1) of this section if the transaction is otherwise approved as provided in subsection (b) or (c) of this section.
(f) For purposes of subdivision (c)(2) of this section, a conflict of interest transaction is authorized, approved, or ratified by the members if it receives a majority of the votes entitled to be counted under this subsection. Votes cast by or voted under the control of a director who has a direct or indirect interest in the transaction, and votes cast by or voted under the control of an entity described in subdivision (d)(1) of this section, may not be counted in a vote of members to determine whether to authorize, approve, or ratify a conflict of interest transaction under subdivision (c)(2) of this section. The vote of these members, however, is counted in determining whether the transaction is approved under other sections of this title. A majority of the voting power, whether or not present, that is entitled to be counted in a vote on the transaction under this subsection constitutes a quorum for the purpose of taking action under this section.
(g) The articles of incorporation, bylaws, or a resolution of the board may impose additional requirements on conflict of interest transactions. (Added 1995, No. 179 (Adj. Sess.), § 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1997.)