Terms Used In Vermont Statutes > Title 8 > Chapter 202 - Organization and Management of Investor-Owned Financial Institutions

• Account: means either of the two accounts created under section 4176 of this chapter. See
• Adopting authority: means , for agencies that are attached to the Agencies of Administration, of Commerce and Community Development, of Natural Resources, of Human Services, and of Transportation, or any of their components, the secretaries of those agencies; for agencies attached to other departments or any of their components, the commissioners of those departments; and for other agencies, the chief officer of the agency. See
• Affidavit: A written statement of facts confirmed by the oath of the party making it, before a notary or officer having authority to administer oaths.
• Affiliate: means affiliate as defined in section 3681 of this title. See
• Affiliated company: means any company in the same corporate system as a parent, an industrial insured, or a member organization by virtue of common ownership, control, operation, or management. See
• Agency: means a State board, commission, department, agency, or other entity or officer of State government, other than the Legislature, the courts, the Commander in Chief, and the Military Department, authorized by law to make rules or to determine contested cases. See
• Agency captive insurance company: means a captive insurance company that is owned or directly or indirectly controlled by one or more insurance agencies or brokerages licensed under the laws of any state and that only insures risks of policies that are placed by or through such agency or agencies, or brokerage or brokerages, as applicable. See
• Alien captive insurance company: means any insurance company formed to write insurance business for its parents and affiliates and licensed pursuant to the laws of an alien jurisdiction that imposes statutory or regulatory standards in a form acceptable to the Commissioner on companies transacting the business of insurance in such jurisdiction. See
• Annual meeting: when applied to towns shall mean the annual town meeting in March or an adjournment thereof. See
• Annuity: A periodic (usually annual) payment of a fixed sum of money for either the life of the recipient or for a fixed number of years. A series of payments under a contract from an insurance company, a trust company, or an individual. Annuity payments are made at regular intervals over a period of more than one full year.
• Answer: The formal written statement by a defendant responding to a civil complaint and setting forth the grounds for defense.
• Appeal: A request made after a trial, asking another court (usually the court of appeals) to decide whether the trial was conducted properly. To make such a request is "to appeal" or "to take an appeal." One who appeals is called the appellant.
• Appropriation: The provision of funds, through an annual appropriations act or a permanent law, for federal agencies to make payments out of the Treasury for specified purposes. The formal federal spending process consists of two sequential steps: authorization
• Arbitrary: when applied to an agency rule or action, means that one or more of the following apply:

• Association: means the Vermont Life and Health Insurance Guaranty Association created under section 4176 of this chapter. See
• Association: means any legal association of individuals, corporations, limited liability companies, partnerships, associations, or other entities, the member organizations of which or which does itself, whether or not in conjunction with some or all of the member organizations:

• Association captive insurance company: means any company that insures risks of the member organizations of the association and that also may insure the risks of affiliated companies of the member organizations and the risks of the association itself. See
• Attorney-in-fact: A person who, acting as an agent, is given written authorization by another person to transact business for him (her) out of court.
• authorized: when used in the context of assessments means a resolution by the Board of Directors has been passed whereby an assessment will be called immediately or in the future from member insurers for a specified amount. See
• Bail: Security given for the release of a criminal defendant or witness from legal custody (usually in the form of money) to secure his/her appearance on the day and time appointed.
• Beneficiary: A person who is entitled to receive the benefits or proceeds of a will, trust, insurance policy, retirement plan, annuity, or other contract. ^{Source: OCC}
• Benefit plan: means a specific employee, union, or association of natural persons benefit plan. See
• Board: means the State Labor Relations Board established under section 921 of this title. See
• Branch business: means any insurance business transacted by a branch captive insurance company in this State. See
• Branch captive insurance company: means any alien captive insurance company licensed by the Commissioner to transact the business of insurance in this State through a business unit with a principal place of business in this State. See
• Branch operations: means any business operations of a branch captive insurance company in this State. See
• called: when used in the context of assessments means that a notice has been issued by the Association to member insurers requiring that an authorized assessment be paid within the time frame set forth within the notice. See
• Captive insurance company: means any pure captive insurance company, association captive insurance company, sponsored captive insurance company, industrial insured captive insurance company, agency captive insurance company, risk retention group, affiliated reinsurance company, or special purpose financial insurance company formed or licensed under the provisions of this chapter. See
• Collective bargaining service fee: means a fee deducted by an employer from the salary or wages of an employee who is not a member of an employee organization, which is paid to the employee organization that is the exclusive bargaining agent for the bargaining unit of the employee. See
• Collective bargaining unit: means the employees of an employer, being either all of the employees, the members of a department or agency, or such other unit or units as the Board may determine are most appropriate to best represent the interests of employees. See
• Commissioner: means the Commissioner of Financial Regulation. See
• Commissioner: means the Commissioner of Financial Regulation. See
• Commissioner: means the Commissioner of Financial Regulation. See
• Commissioner: means the Commissioner of Financial Regulation. See
• Common law: The legal system that originated in England and is now in use in the United States. It is based on judicial decisions rather than legislative action.
• Complaint: means an employee's, or group of employees', informal expression to the immediate supervisor of dissatisfaction with aspects of employment or working conditions under a collective bargaining agreement. See
• Contractual obligation: means any obligation under a policy or contract, or certificate under a group policy or contract, or portion thereof, for which coverage is provided under section 4173 of this chapter. See
• Controlled unaffiliated business: means any person:

• Corporation: A legal entity owned by the holders of shares of stock that have been issued, and that can own, receive, and transfer property, and carry on business in its own name.
• Covered individual: means an individual covered under a dental insurance plan or a health insurance plan. See
• covered policy: means a policy or contract, or portion of a policy or contract, for which coverage is provided under section 4173 of this chapter. See
• Damages: Money paid by defendants to successful plaintiffs in civil cases to compensate the plaintiffs for their injuries.
• Deed: The legal instrument used to transfer title in real property from one person to another.
• Dental insurance plan: means a stand-alone dental plan or policy that provides coverage for dental services separately from a health insurance plan. See
• Dental insurer: means any health or dental insurance company, including a nonprofit dental service corporation, that offers a dental insurance plan for sale. See
• Dentist: means an individual licensed to practice dentistry under 26 Vt. See
• Domestic: when applied to a corporation, company, association, or copartnership shall mean organized under the laws of this State; "foreign" when so applied, shall mean organized under the laws of another state, government, or country. See
• Employee: means a State employee as defined by subdivision (5) of this section except as the context requires otherwise. See
• Employer: means the State of Vermont, excluding the Legislative and Judiciary Departments, represented by the Governor or designee, the Office of the Defender General represented by the Defender General or designee, Vermont State Colleges represented by the Chancellor or designee, and the University of Vermont represented by the President or designee. See
• Equitable: Pertaining to civil suits in "equity" rather than in "law." In English legal history, the courts of "law" could order the payment of damages and could afford no other remedy. See damages. A separate court of "equity" could order someone to do something or to cease to do something. See, e.g., injunction. In American jurisprudence, the federal courts have both legal and equitable power, but the distinction is still an important one. For example, a trial by jury is normally available in "law" cases but not in "equity" cases. ^{Source: U.S. Courts}
• Escheat: Reversion of real or personal property to the state when 1) a person dies without leaving a will and has no heirs, or 2) when the property (such as a bank account) has been inactive for a certain period of time. ^{Source: OCC}
• Evidence of coverage: means any certificate, agreement, or contract issued to a member setting out the coverage to which the member is entitled and the rates for that coverage. See
• Federal Reserve System: The central bank of the United States. The Fed, as it is commonly called, regulates the U.S. monetary and financial system. The Federal Reserve System is composed of a central governmental agency in Washington, D.C. (the Board of Governors) and twelve regional Federal Reserve Banks in major cities throughout the United States. ^{Source: OCC}
• Fiduciary: A trustee, executor, or administrator.
• Fiscal year: The fiscal year is the accounting period for the government. For the federal government, this begins on October 1 and ends on September 30. The fiscal year is designated by the calendar year in which it ends; for example, fiscal year 2006 begins on October 1, 2005 and ends on September 30, 2006.
• gender identity: means an individual's actual or perceived gender identity, or gender-related characteristics intrinsically related to an individual's gender or gender-identity, regardless of the individual's assigned sex at birth. See
• General account: means all assets and liabilities of the sponsored captive insurance company not attributable to a protected cell. See
• Germane: On the subject of the pending bill or other business; a strict standard of relevance.
• Gift: A voluntary transfer or conveyance of property without consideration, or for less than full and adequate consideration based on fair market value.
• Grievance: means a written complaint submitted to the Department or to the health maintenance organization in accordance with the health maintenance organization's formal grievance procedure by or on behalf of a member regarding any aspect of the health maintenance organization relative to the member. See
• Grievance: means an employee's, group of employees', or the employee's collective bargaining representative's expressed dissatisfaction, presented in writing, with aspects of employment or working conditions under a collective bargaining agreement or the discriminatory application of a rule or regulation, that has not been resolved to a satisfactory result through informal discussion with immediate supervisors. See
• Health care services: means physician, hospitalization, laboratory, x-ray service, and medical equipment and supplies, which may include: medical, surgical, and dental care; psychological, obstetrical, osteopathic, optometric, optic, podiatric, chiropractic, nursing, physical therapy services, and pharmaceutical services; health education; preventive medical, rehabilitative, and home health services; inpatient and outpatient hospital services, extended care, nursing home care, convalescent institutional care, laboratory and ambulance services, appliances, drugs, medicines, and supplies; and any other care, service, or treatment of disease or conditions, or the maintenance of the physical and mental well-being of members. See
• Health insurance plan: means any individual or group health insurance policy, any hospital or medical service corporation or health maintenance organization subscriber contract, or any other health benefit plan offered, issued, or renewed for any person in this State by a health insurer. See
• Health maintenance organization: means any person who furnishes, either directly or through arrangements with others, comprehensive health care services to an enrolled member in return for periodic payments; the amounts of said payments are agreed upon prior to the time during which the health care services may be furnished; and who is obligated to the member to arrange for or to provide directly available and accessible health care services. See
• Home state: means , with respect to an insured:

• Impaired insurer: means a member insurer that, after the effective date of this chapter, is not an insolvent insurer and who is placed under an order of rehabilitation or conservation by a court of competent jurisdiction. See
• Incorporated protected cell: means a protected cell that, subject to the approval of the Commissioner, is formed as any type of entity permissible under Vermont law, separate from the sponsored captive insurance company of which it is a part. See
• Incorporation by reference: means the use of language in the text of a regulation that expressly refers to a document other than the regulation itself. See
• Industrial insured: means an insured:

• Industrial insured captive insurance company: means any company that insures risks of the industrial insureds that comprise the industrial insured group, and that may insure the risks of the affiliated companies of the industrial insureds and the risks of the controlled unaffiliated business of an industrial insured or its affiliated companies. See
• Insolvent insurer: means a member insurer that, after the effective date of this chapter, is placed under an order of liquidation by a court of competent jurisdiction with a finding of insolvency. See
• Interest rate: The amount paid by a borrower to a lender in exchange for the use of the lender's money for a certain period of time. Interest is paid on loans or on debt instruments, such as notes or bonds, either at regular intervals or as part of a lump sum payment when the issue matures. ^{Source: OCC}
• Lease: A contract transferring the use of property or occupancy of land, space, structures, or equipment in consideration of a payment (e.g., rent). ^{Source: OCC}
• Liabilities: The aggregate of all debts and other legal obligations of a particular person or legal entity.
• Magistrate: shall mean any Supreme Court Justice, Superior judge, District judge, or Probate judge. See
• Member: means any individual who has entered into a contract with a health maintenance organization for health care services or for services related to but not limited to processing, administering, or the payment of claims for health care services or on whose behalf such an arrangement has been made. See
• Member insurer: means any insurer or health maintenance organization licensed or that holds a certificate of authority to transact in this State any kind of insurance or health maintenance organization business for which coverage is provided under section 4173 of this chapter and includes an insurer or health maintenance organization whose license or certificate of authority in this State may have been suspended, revoked, not renewed, or voluntarily withdrawn, but does not include:

• Month: shall mean a calendar month and "year" shall mean a calendar year and be equivalent to the expression "year of our Lord. See
• Mortgage: The written agreement pledging property to a creditor as collateral for a loan.
• Municipality: shall include a city, town, town school district, incorporated school or fire district or incorporated village, and all other governmental incorporated units. See
• Mutual corporation: means a corporation organized without stockholders and includes a nonprofit corporation with members. See
• Obligation: An order placed, contract awarded, service received, or similar transaction during a given period that will require payments during the same or a future period.
• Oversight: Committee review of the activities of a Federal agency or program.
• Parent: means a corporation, limited liability company, partnership, other entity, or individual, that directly or indirectly owns, controls, or holds with power to vote more than 50 percent of the outstanding voting:

• Participant: means an entity as defined in section 6036 of this title, and any affiliates thereof, that are insured by a sponsored captive insurance company, where the losses of the participant are limited through a participant contract to such participant's pro rata share of the assets of one or more protected cells identified in such participant contract. See
• Participant contract: means a contract by which a sponsored captive insurance company insures the risks of a participant and limits the losses of each such participant to its pro rata share of the assets of one or more protected cells identified in such participant contract. See
• Partnership: A voluntary contract between two or more persons to pool some or all of their assets into a business, with the agreement that there will be a proportional sharing of profits and losses.
• Person: means any individual, corporation, limited liability company, partnership, association, governmental body or entity, or voluntary organization. See
• Person: includes individuals, partnerships, associations, trusts, and corporations. See
• Personal property: All property that is not real property.
• Plaintiff: The person who files the complaint in a civil lawsuit.
• Plan sponsor: means :

• Portable electronics: means electronic devices that are portable in nature, their accessories, and services related to the use of such devices. See
• Portable electronics insurance: means insurance that may be offered on a month-to-month or other periodic basis as a group or master commercial inland marine policy that provides coverage for the repair or replacement of portable electronics against any one or more of the following causes of loss: loss, theft, inoperability due to mechanical failure, malfunction, damage, or other similar causes of loss. See
• Portable electronics vendor: means a person in the business of selling or leasing portable electronics directly or indirectly. See
• Power of attorney: A written instrument which authorizes one person to act as another's agent or attorney. The power of attorney may be for a definite, specific act, or it may be general in nature. The terms of the written power of attorney may specify when it will expire. If not, the power of attorney usually expires when the person granting it dies. ^{Source: OCC}
• Precedent: A court decision in an earlier case with facts and law similar to a dispute currently before a court. Precedent will ordinarily govern the decision of a later similar case, unless a party can show that it was wrongly decided or that it differed in some significant way.
• Probate: Proving a will
• Protected cell: means a separate account established by a sponsored captive insurance company formed or licensed under the provisions of this chapter, in which assets are maintained for one or more participants in accordance with the terms of one or more participant contracts to fund the liability of the sponsored captive insurance company assumed on behalf of such participants as set forth in such participant contracts, and shall include an "incorporated protected cell" as defined in this section. See
• Provider: means any physician, hospital, or other institution, organization, or other person who furnishes health care services. See
• Pure captive insurance company: means any company that insures risks of its parent and affiliated companies or controlled unaffiliated business. See
• Quorum: The number of legislators that must be present to do business.
• real estate: shall include lands, tenements, and hereditaments and all rights thereto and interests therein, and pews or slips in places of public worship shall be treated as real estate. See
• Real property: Land, and all immovable fixtures erected on, growing on, or affixed to the land.
• Receivership court: means the court in the insolvent or impaired insurer's state having jurisdiction over the conservation, rehabilitation, or liquidation of the member insurer. See
• Recourse: An arrangement in which a bank retains, in form or in substance, any credit risk directly or indirectly associated with an asset it has sold (in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles) that exceeds a pro rata share of the bank's claim on the asset. If a bank has no claim on an asset it has sold, then the retention of any credit risk is recourse. ^{Source: FDIC}
• Remainder: An interest in property that takes effect in the future at a specified time or after the occurrence of some event, such as the death of a life tenant.
• Resident: means any person to whom a contractual obligation is owed and who resides in Vermont on the date of entry of a court order that determines a member insurer to be an impaired insurer or a court order that determines a member insurer to be an insolvent insurer, whichever occurs first. See
• Retaliatory action: includes any adverse performance or disciplinary action, including discharge, suspension, reprimand, demotion, denial of promotion, imposition of a performance warning period, or involuntary transfer or reassignment that is given in retaliation for the State employee's involvement in a protected activity, as set forth in section 973 of this title. See
• Risk retention group: means a captive insurance company organized under the laws of this State pursuant to the Liability Risk Retention Act of 1986, 15 U. See
• Rule: means each agency statement of general applicability that implements, interprets, or prescribes law or policy and that has been adopted in the manner provided by sections 836-844 of this title. See
• said: when used by way of reference to a person or thing shall apply to the same person or thing last mentioned. See
• seal: shall include an impression of the official seal made upon paper alone or by means of a wafer or wax affixed thereto. See
• Service of process: The service of writs or summonses to the appropriate party.
• Settlement: Parties to a lawsuit resolve their difference without having a trial. Settlements often involve the payment of compensation by one party in satisfaction of the other party's claims.
• sexual orientation: means female or male homosexuality, heterosexuality, or bisexuality. See
• Sponsor: means any entity that meets the requirements of section 6035 of this title and is approved by the Commissioner to provide all or part of the capital and surplus required by applicable law and to organize and operate a sponsored captive insurance company. See
• Sponsored captive insurance company: means any captive insurance company:

• State: means a state, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and a U. See
• Statute: A law passed by a legislature.
• Structured settlement annuity: means an annuity purchased in order to fund periodic payments for a plaintiff or other claimant in payment for or with respect to personal injury suffered by the plaintiff or other claimant. See
• Subpoena: A command to a witness to appear and give testimony.
• Surplus lines broker: means an individual licensed under this chapter and chapter 131 of this title. See
• Surplus lines insurance: means coverage not procurable from admitted insurers. See
• Surplus lines insurer: means a non-admitted insurer with which insurance coverage may be placed under this chapter. See
• Town: shall include city and wards or precincts therein; "selectboard members" and "board of civil authority" shall extend to and include the mayor and aldermen of cities; "trustees" shall extend to and include bailiffs of incorporated villages; and the laws applicable to the inhabitants and officers of towns shall be applicable to the inhabitants and similar officers of all municipal corporations. See
• Trust account: A general term that covers all types of accounts in a trust department, such as estates, guardianships, and agencies. ^{Source: OCC}
• Trustee: A person or institution holding and administering property in trust.
• Unallocated annuity contract: means any annuity contract or group annuity certificate that is not issued to and owned by an individual except to the extent of any annuity benefits guaranteed to an individual by an insurer under such contract or certificate. See
• Venue: The geographical location in which a case is tried.
• Verdict: The decision of a petit jury or a judge.