Virginia Code 8.7-403: Obligation of bailee to deliver; excuse
(1) The bailee must deliver the goods to a person entitled under the document who complies with subsections (2) and (3), unless and to the extent that the bailee establishes any of the following:
Terms Used In Virginia Code 8.7-403
- Bailee: means the person who by a warehouse receipt, bill of lading or other document acknowledges possession of goods and contracts to deliver them. See Virginia Code 8.7-102
- Document: means document of title as defined in the general definitions in Virginia Code 8.7-102
- Goods: means all things that are treated as movable for the purposes of a contract of storage or transportation. See Virginia Code 8.7-102
- Lien: A claim against real or personal property in satisfaction of a debt.
- Person: includes any individual, corporation, partnership, association, cooperative, limited liability company, trust, joint venture, government, political subdivision, or any other legal or commercial entity and any successor, representative, agent, agency, or instrumentality thereof. See Virginia Code 1-230
- Record: means information that is inscribed on a tangible medium or that is stored in an electronic or other medium and is retrievable in perceivable form. See Virginia Code 8.7-102
- Warehouseman: is a person engaged in the business of storing goods for hire. See Virginia Code 8.7-102
(a) delivery of the goods to a person whose receipt was rightful as against the claimant;
(b) damage to or delay, loss or destruction of the goods for which the bailee is not liable;
(c) previous sale or other disposition of the goods in lawful enforcement of a lien or on warehouseman‘s lawful termination of storage;
(d) the exercise by a seller of his right to stop delivery pursuant to § 8.2-705 or by a lessor of his right to stop delivery pursuant to § 8.2A-526;
(e) a diversion, reconsignment or other disposition pursuant to § 8.7-303;
(f) release, satisfaction or any other fact affording a personal defense against the claimant; or
(g) any other lawful excuse.
(2) A person claiming goods covered by a document must satisfy the bailee’s lien where the bailee so requests or where the bailee is prohibited by law from delivering the goods until the charges are paid.
(3) Unless the person claiming the goods is one against whom the document confers no right under § 8.7-503 (1), he must surrender possession or control, for cancellation or notation of partial deliveries, any outstanding negotiable document covering the goods, and the bailee must cancel the document or conspicuously note the partial delivery thereon or be liable to any person to whom the document is duly negotiated.
(4) “Person entitled under the document” means holder, in the case of a negotiable document, or the person to whom delivery of the goods is to be made by the terms of, or pursuant to instructions in a record under, a nonnegotiable document.
Code 1950, §§ 61-11 to 61-15, 61-19, 61-22; 1964, c. 219; 2004, c. 200.