Terms Used In Virginia Code > Title 19.2 > Chapter 9 - Bail and Recognizances

• Abstract of judgment: In a federal criminal proceeding, A certification from a U.S. District Court clerk that a judgment of restitution was entered against the defendant owing to the victim. If the defendant inherits, owns, or sells real property or holdings, these assets can then be attached at the state and local levels as well.
• Accounting period: includes a part of a calendar year or another period of 12 calendar months or approximately 12 calendar months that begins when an income interest begins or ends when an income interest ends. See Virginia Code 64.2-1033
• Affidavit: A written statement of facts confirmed by the oath of the party making it, before a notary or officer having authority to administer oaths.
• Annuity: A periodic (usually annual) payment of a fixed sum of money for either the life of the recipient or for a fixed number of years. A series of payments under a contract from an insurance company, a trust company, or an individual. Annuity payments are made at regular intervals over a period of more than one full year.
• Answer: The formal written statement by a defendant responding to a civil complaint and setting forth the grounds for defense.
• Applicable value: means the amount of the net fair market value of a trust taken into account under § Virginia Code 64.2-1033
• Court: means any court vested with appropriate jurisdiction under the Constitution and laws of the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 19.2-5
• Criminal history: means records and data collected by criminal justice agencies or persons consisting of identifiable descriptions and notations of arrests, detentions, indictments, informations or other formal charges, and any deposition arising therefrom. See Virginia Code 19.2-119
• Current income beneficiary: means a beneficiary to which a fiduciary may distribute net income, whether or not the fiduciary also may distribute principal to the beneficiary. See Virginia Code 64.2-1033
• Damages: Money paid by defendants to successful plaintiffs in civil cases to compensate the plaintiffs for their injuries.
• Decedent: A deceased person.
• Deposition: An oral statement made before an officer authorized by law to administer oaths. Such statements are often taken to examine potential witnesses, to obtain discovery, or to be used later in trial.
• Dismissal: The dropping of a case by the judge without further consideration or hearing. ^Source:
• Distribution: means a payment or transfer by a fiduciary to a beneficiary in the beneficiary's capacity as a beneficiary, made under the terms of the trust, without consideration other than the beneficiary's right to receive the payment or transfer under the terms of the trust. See Virginia Code 64.2-1033
• Docket: A log containing brief entries of court proceedings.
• Environmental law: means a federal, state, or local law, rule, regulation, or ordinance relating to protection of the environment. See Virginia Code 64.2-701
• Estate: includes the property of the decedent as the estate is originally constituted and the property of the estate as it exists at any time during administration. See Virginia Code 64.2-1033
• Executor: A male person named in a will to carry out the decedent
• Express unitrust: means a trust for which, under the terms of the trust without regard to this article, income or net income must or may be calculated as a unitrust amount. See Virginia Code 64.2-1039
• Fiduciary: includes a trustee, trust director under the Uniform Directed Trust Act (§ Virginia Code 64.2-1033
• Fiduciary: includes a guardian, committee, trustee, executor, conservator, or personal representative. See Virginia Code 64.2-100
• Fiduciary: A trustee, executor, or administrator.
• Fraud: Intentional deception resulting in injury to another.
• Governing body: means the board of supervisors of a county, council of a city, or council of a town, as the context may require. See Virginia Code 15.2-102
• Gross estate: The total fair market value of all property and property interests, real and personal, tangible and intangible, of which a decedent had beneficial ownership at the time of death before subtractions for deductions, debts, administrative expenses, and casualty losses suffered during estate administration.
• Income: includes a part of receipts from a sale, exchange, or liquidation of a principal asset, to the extent provided in Articles 4 (§ Virginia Code 64.2-1033
• Oath: includes affirmation. See Virginia Code 1-228
• Oath: A promise to tell the truth.
• Person: means any accused, or any juvenile taken into custody pursuant to § Virginia Code 19.2-119
• Person: means an individual; estate; business or nonprofit entity; government; governmental subdivision, agency, or instrumentality; public corporation; or other legal entity. See Virginia Code 64.2-701
• Person: means an individual, estate, trust, business or nonprofit entity, public corporation, government or governmental subdivision, agency, or instrumentality, or other legal entity. See Virginia Code 64.2-1033
• Personal representative: means an executor, administrator, successor personal representative, special administrator, or person that performs substantially the same function with respect to an estate under the law governing the person's status. See Virginia Code 64.2-1033
• Principal: means property held in trust for distribution to, production of income for, or use by a current or successor beneficiary. See Virginia Code 64.2-1033
• Probable cause: A reasonable ground for belief that the offender violated a specific law.
• Property: means anything that may be the subject of ownership, whether real or personal, legal or equitable, or any interest therein. See Virginia Code 64.2-701
• Public corporation: means the Commonwealth of Virginia or any political subdivision thereof or any incorporated municipality therein or any public agency of the Commonwealth or of any political subdivision thereof or of any municipality therein. See Virginia Code 1-219.1
• Public defender: Represent defendants who can't afford an attorney in criminal matters.
• Recognizance: means a signed commitment by a person to appear in court as directed and to adhere to any other terms ordered by an appropriate judicial officer as a condition of bail. See Virginia Code 19.2-119
• Record: means information that is inscribed on a tangible medium or that is stored in an electronic or other medium and is retrievable in perceivable form. See Virginia Code 64.2-1033
• Remainder: An interest in property that takes effect in the future at a specified time or after the occurrence of some event, such as the death of a life tenant.
• Remand: When an appellate court sends a case back to a lower court for further proceedings.
• Restitution: The court-ordered payment of money by the defendant to the victim for damages caused by the criminal action.
• Revocable trust: A trust agreement that can be canceled, rescinded, revoked, or repealed by the grantor (person who establishes the trust).
• Settlement: Parties to a lawsuit resolve their difference without having a trial. Settlements often involve the payment of compensation by one party in satisfaction of the other party's claims.
• Settlor: except as otherwise provided in § Virginia Code 64.2-701
• Sign: means , with present intent to authenticate or adopt a record, (i) to execute or adopt a tangible symbol or (ii) to attach to or logically associate with the record an electronic symbol, sound, or process. See Virginia Code 64.2-701
• Special tax benefit: means :

  1. See Virginia Code 64.2-1033

• State: means a state of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, or any territory or insular possession subject to the jurisdiction of the United States. See Virginia Code 64.2-701
• Statute: A law passed by a legislature.
• Subpoena: A command to a witness to appear and give testimony.
• Successor beneficiary: means a person entitled to receive income or principal or to use property when an income interest or other current interest ends. See Virginia Code 64.2-1033
• Summons: Another word for subpoena used by the criminal justice system.
• Terms of a trust: means :

  1. See Virginia Code 64.2-1033

• Terms of a trust: means :

  1. See Virginia Code 64.2-701

• Testify: Answer questions in court.
• Trial: A hearing that takes place when the defendant pleads "not guilty" and witnesses are required to come to court to give evidence.
• Trust: includes all trusts described in § Virginia Code 64.2-1033
• Trust instrument: means a record executed by the settlor to create a trust or by any person to create a second trust that contains some or all of the terms of the trust, including any amendments. See Virginia Code 64.2-701
• Trustee: includes an original, additional, or successor trustee, whether or not appointed or confirmed by a court. See Virginia Code 64.2-1033
• Trustee: includes an original, additional, and successor trustee and a cotrustee. See Virginia Code 64.2-701
• Unitrust: includes an express unitrust. See Virginia Code 64.2-1039
• Unitrust amount: means an amount computed by multiplying a determined value of a trust by a determined percentage. See Virginia Code 64.2-1039
• Unitrust policy: means a policy described in §§