The definitions in this section apply throughout this chapter unless the context clearly requires otherwise.
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Terms Used In Washington Code 48.102.006

  • Assets: (1) The property comprising the estate of a deceased person, or (2) the property in a trust account.
  • Beneficiary: A person who is entitled to receive the benefits or proceeds of a will, trust, insurance policy, retirement plan, annuity, or other contract. Source: OCC
  • Bequest: Property gifted by will.
  • Contract: A legal written agreement that becomes binding when signed.
  • Corporation: A legal entity owned by the holders of shares of stock that have been issued, and that can own, receive, and transfer property, and carry on business in its own name.
  • Devise: To gift property by will.
  • Embezzlement: In most states, embezzlement is defined as theft/larceny of assets (money or property) by a person in a position of trust or responsibility over those assets. Embezzlement typically occurs in the employment and corporate settings. Source: OCC
  • Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other.
  • Fiduciary: A trustee, executor, or administrator.
  • Fixed Rate: Having a "fixed" rate means that the APR doesn't change based on fluctuations of some external rate (such as the "Prime Rate"). In other words, a fixed rate is a rate that is not a variable rate. A fixed APR can change over time, in several circumstances:
    • You are late making a payment or commit some other default, triggering an increase to a penalty rate
    • The bank changes the terms of your account and you do not reject the change.
    • The rate expires (if the rate was fixed for only a certain period of time).
  • Fraud: Intentional deception resulting in injury to another.
  • Jurisdiction: (1) The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a case. Concurrent jurisdiction exists when two courts have simultaneous responsibility for the same case. (2) The geographic area over which the court has authority to decide cases.
  • Partnership: A voluntary contract between two or more persons to pool some or all of their assets into a business, with the agreement that there will be a proportional sharing of profits and losses.
  • person: may be construed to include the United States, this state, or any state or territory, or any public or private corporation or limited liability company, as well as an individual. See Washington Code 1.16.080
  • Sequester: To separate. Sometimes juries are sequestered from outside influences during their deliberations.
  • Settlement: Parties to a lawsuit resolve their difference without having a trial. Settlements often involve the payment of compensation by one party in satisfaction of the other party's claims.
(1) “Advertisement” means any written, electronic, or printed communication or any communication by means of recorded telephone messages or transmitted on radio, television, the internet, or similar communications media, including film strips, motion pictures, and videos, published, disseminated, circulated, or placed directly before the public for the purpose of creating an interest in or inducing a person to purchase or sell, assign, devise, bequest, or transfer the death benefit or ownership of a policy or an interest in a policy pursuant to a life settlement contract.
(2) “Broker” means a person who, on behalf of an owner and for a fee, commission, or other valuable consideration, offers or attempts to negotiate life settlement contracts between an owner and providers. A broker represents only the owner and owes a fiduciary duty to the owner to act according to the owner’s instructions, and in the best interest of the owner, notwithstanding the manner in which the broker is compensated. A broker does not mean an attorney, certified public accountant, or financial planner retained in the type of practice customarily performed in their professional capacity to represent the owner whose compensation is not paid directly or indirectly by the provider or any other person, except the owner.
(3) “Business of life settlements” means an activity involved in, but not limited to, offering to enter into, soliciting, negotiating, procuring, effectuating, monitoring, or tracking life settlement contracts.
(4) “Chronically ill” means:
(a) Being unable to perform at least two activities of daily living, i.e., eating, toileting, transferring, bathing, dressing, or continence;
(b) Requiring substantial supervision to protect the individual from threats to health and safety due to severe cognitive impairment; or
(c) Having a level of disability substantially similar to that described in (a) of this subsection made in a written determination, as existing on July 26, 2009, by the United States secretary of health and human services.
(5) “Commissioner” means the insurance commissioner.
(6)(a) “Financing entity” means an underwriter, placement agent, lender, purchaser of securities, purchaser of a policy from a provider, credit enhancer, or any entity that has a direct ownership in a policy that is the subject of a life settlement contract, but:
(i) Whose principal activity related to the transaction is providing funds to effect the life settlement contract or purchase of one or more policies; and
(ii) Who has an agreement in writing with one or more providers to finance the acquisition of life settlement contracts.
(b) “Financing entity” does not mean a nonaccredited investor or purchaser.
(7) “Financing transaction” means a transaction in which a licensed provider obtains financing from a financing entity including, without limitation, any secured or unsecured financing, any securitization transaction, or any securities offering which either is registered or exempt from registration under federal and state securities law.
(8) “Fraudulent life settlement act” includes:
(a) Acts or omissions committed by any person who, knowingly and with intent to defraud, for the purpose of depriving another of property or for pecuniary gain, commits, or permits its employees or its agents to engage in acts including, but not limited to:
(i) Presenting, causing to be presented, or preparing with knowledge and belief that it will be presented to or by a provider, premium finance lender, broker, insurer, insurance producer, or any other person, false material information, or concealing material information, as part of, in support of, or concerning a fact material to one or more of the following:
(A) An application for the issuance of a life settlement contract or policy;
(B) The underwriting of a life settlement contract or policy;
(C) A claim for payment or benefit pursuant to a life settlement contract or policy;
(D) Premiums paid on a policy;
(E) Payments and changes in ownership or beneficiary made in accordance with the terms of a life settlement contract or policy;
(F) The reinstatement or conversion of a policy;
(G) In the solicitation, offer to enter into, or effectuation of a life settlement contract, or policy;
(H) The issuance of written evidence of life settlement contracts or insurance; or
(I) Any application for, or the existence of or any payments related to, a loan secured directly or indirectly by any interest in a policy;
(ii) Entering into any act, practice, or arrangement that involves stranger-originated life insurance;
(iii) Failing to disclose to the insurer where the request for such disclosure has been asked for by the insurer that the prospective insured has undergone a life expectancy evaluation by any person or entity other than the insurer or its authorized representatives in connection with the issuance of the policy;
(iv) Employing any device, scheme, or artifice to defraud in the business of life settlements; or
(v) In the solicitation, application, or issuance of a policy, employing any device, scheme, or artifice in violation of state insurable interest laws.
(b) In the furtherance of a fraud or to prevent the detection of a fraud any person commits or permits its employees or its agents to:
(i) Remove, conceal, alter, destroy, or sequester from the commissioner the assets or records of either a broker or provider, or both or other person engaged in the business of life settlements;
(ii) Misrepresent or conceal the financial condition of either a broker or provider, or both, financing entity, insurer, or other person;
(iii) Transact the business of life settlements in violation of laws requiring a license, certificate of authority, or other legal authority for the transaction of the business of life settlements;
(iv) File with the commissioner or the chief insurance regulatory official of another jurisdiction a document containing false information or otherwise concealing information about a material fact from the commissioner;
(v) Engage in embezzlement, theft, misappropriation, or conversion of moneys, funds, premiums, credits, or other property of a provider, insured, owner, or any other person engaged in the business of life settlements;
(vi) Knowingly and with intent to defraud, enter into, broker, or otherwise deal in a life settlement contract, the subject of which is a policy that was obtained by presenting false information concerning any fact material to the policy or by concealing, for the purpose of misleading another, information concerning any fact material to the policy, where the owner or the owner’s agent intended to defraud the policy’s issuer;
(vii) Attempt to commit, assist, aid, or abet in the commission of, or conspiracy to commit, the acts or omissions specified in this subsection; or
(viii) Misrepresent the state of residence of an owner to be a state or jurisdiction that does not have a law substantially similar to this chapter for the purpose of evading or avoiding the provisions of this chapter.
(9) “Insured” means the person covered under the policy being considered for sale in a life settlement contract.
(10) “Life expectancy” means the arithmetic mean of the number of months the insured under the policy to be settled can be expected to live considering medical records and appropriate experiential data.
(11) “Life insurance producer” means any person licensed in this state as a resident or nonresident insurance producer who has received qualification or authority for life insurance coverage or a life line of coverage pursuant to RCW 48.17.170.
(12)(a) “Life settlement contract” means a written agreement entered into between a provider and an owner, establishing the terms under which compensation or any thing of value will be paid, which compensation or thing of value is less than the expected death benefit of the policy, in return for the owner’s assignment, transfer, sale, devise, or bequest of the death benefit or any portion of a policy for compensation, provided, however, that the minimum value for a life settlement contract shall be greater than a cash surrender value or accelerated death benefit available at the time of an application for a life settlement contract.
(b) “Life settlement contract” also means the transfer for compensation or value of ownership or beneficial interest in a trust or other entity that owns such policy if the trust or other entity was formed or availed of for the principal purpose of acquiring one or more life insurance contracts, which life insurance contract insures the life of a person residing in this state.
(c) “Life settlement contract” also means a written agreement for a loan or other lending transaction, secured primarily by a policy or a premium finance loan made for a policy on or before the date of issuance of the policy where:
(i) The loan proceeds are not used solely to pay premiums for the policy and any costs or expenses incurred by the lender or the borrower in connection with the financing;
(ii) The owner receives on the date of the premium finance loan a guarantee of the future life settlement value of the policy; or
(iii) The owner agrees on the date of the premium finance loan to sell the policy or any portion of its death benefit on any date following the issuance of the policy.
(d) “Life settlement contract” does not mean:
(i) A policy loan by a life insurance company pursuant to the terms of the policy or accelerated death provisions contained in the policy, whether issued with the original policy or as a rider;
(ii) A premium finance loan or any loan made by a bank or other licensed financial institution, provided that neither the default on the loan nor the transfer of the policy in connection with such a default is pursuant to an agreement or understanding with any other person for the purpose of evading regulation under this chapter;
(iii) A collateral assignment of a policy by an owner;
(iv) A loan made by a lender that does not violate any provision of this title, provided the loan is not described in (a) of this subsection, and is not otherwise within the definition of life settlement contract;
(v) An agreement where all the parties (A) are closely related to the insured by blood or law, or (B) have a lawful substantial economic interest in the continued life, health, and bodily safety of the person insured, or are trusts established primarily for the benefit of those parties;
(vi) Any designation, consent, or agreement by an insured who is an employee of an employer in connection with the purchase by the employer, or trust established by the employer, of life insurance on the life of the employee;
(vii) A bona fide business succession planning arrangement:
(A) Between one or more shareholders in a corporation or between a corporation and one or more of its shareholders or one or more trusts established by its shareholders;
(B) Between one or more partners in a partnership or between a partnership and one or more of its partners or one or more trusts established by its partners; or
(C) Between one or more members in a limited liability company or between a limited liability company and one or more of its members or one or more trusts established by its members;
(viii) An agreement entered into by a service recipient, or a trust established by the service recipient, and a service provider, or a trust established by the service provider, who performs significant services for the service recipient’s trade or business; or
(ix) Any other contract, transaction, or arrangement from the definition of life settlement contract that the commissioner determines is not of the type intended to be regulated by this chapter.
(13) “Net death benefit” means the amount of the policy to be settled less any outstanding debts or liens.
(14)(a) “Owner” means the owner of a policy, with or without a terminal illness, who enters or seeks to enter into a life settlement contract. For the purposes of this chapter, an owner shall not be limited to an owner of a policy that insures the life of an individual with a terminal or chronic illness or condition except where specifically addressed.
(b) “Owner” does not mean:
(i) Any provider or other licensee under this chapter;
(ii) A qualified institutional buyer as defined, as of July 26, 2009, in rule 144A of the federal securities act of 1933, as amended;
(iii) A financing entity;
(iv) A special purpose entity; or
(v) A related provider trust.
(15) “Patient identifying information” means an insured’s address, telephone number, facsimile number, electronic mail address, photograph or likeness, employer, employment status, social security number, or any other information that is likely to lead to the identification of the insured.
(16) “Person” means any natural person or legal entity, including but not limited to, a partnership, limited liability company, association, trust, or corporation.
(17) “Policy” means an individual or group life insurance policy, group certificate, contract, or arrangement of life insurance owned by a resident of this state, regardless of whether delivered or issued for delivery in this state.
(18) “Premium finance loan” means a loan made primarily for the purposes of making premium payments on a policy, which loan is secured by an interest in the policy.
(19)(a) “Provider” means a person, other than an owner, who enters into or effectuates a life settlement contract with an owner.
(b) “Provider” does not mean:
(i) Any bank, savings bank, savings and loan association, or credit union;
(ii) A licensed lending institution or creditor or secured party pursuant to a premium finance loan agreement which takes an assignment of a policy as collateral for a loan;
(iii) The insurer of a policy or rider to the extent of providing accelerated death benefits or riders under an approved policy form or cash surrender value;
(iv) Any natural person who enters into or effectuates no more than one agreement in a calendar year for the transfer of a policy, for compensation or anything of value less than the expected death benefit payable under the policy;
(v) A purchaser;
(vi) Any authorized or eligible insurer that provides financial guaranty insurance to a provider, purchaser, financing entity, special purpose entity, or related provider trust;
(vii) A financing entity;
(viii) A special purpose entity;
(ix) A related provider trust;
(x) A broker; or
(xi) An accredited investor or qualified institutional buyer as defined, respectively, in regulation D, rule 501 or rule 144A of the federal securities act of 1933, as amended, who purchases a policy from a provider.
(20) “Purchased policy” means a policy that has been acquired by a provider pursuant to a life settlement contract.
(21) “Purchaser” means a person who pays compensation or anything of value as consideration for a beneficial interest in a trust which is vested with, or for the assignment, transfer, or sale of, an ownership or other interest in a policy which has been the subject of a life settlement contract.
(22) “Related provider trust” means a titling trust or other trust established by a licensed provider or a financing entity for the sole purpose of holding the ownership or beneficial interest in purchased policies in connection with a financing transaction. In order to qualify as a related provider trust, the trust must have a written agreement with the licensed provider under which the licensed provider is responsible for ensuring compliance with all statutory and regulatory requirements and under which the trust agrees to make all records and files relating to life settlement transactions available to the commissioner as if those records and files were maintained directly by the licensed provider.
(23) “Settled policy” means a policy that has been acquired by a provider pursuant to a life settlement contract.
(24) “Special purpose entity” means a corporation, partnership, trust, limited liability company, or other legal entity formed solely to provide either directly or indirectly access to institutional capital markets for a financing entity or provider:
(a) In connection with a transaction in which the securities in the special purpose entity are acquired by the owner or by a “qualified institutional buyer” as defined in rule 144 promulgated under the federal securities act of 1933, as amended; or
(b) When the securities pay a fixed rate of return commensurate with established asset-backed institutional capital markets.
(25) “Stranger-originated life insurance” means an act, practice, or arrangement to initiate a policy for the benefit of a third-party investor who, at the time of policy origination, has no insurable interest in the insured under chapter 48.18 RCW. Stranger-originated life insurance practices include, but are not limited to, cases in which life insurance is purchased with resources or guarantees from or through a person or entity who, at the time of policy inception, could not lawfully initiate the policy and where, at the time of inception, there is an arrangement or agreement to directly or indirectly transfer the ownership of the policy or the policy benefits, or both, to a third party. Any trust that is created to give the appearance of insurable interest, and is used to initiate one or more policies for investors, violates chapter 48.18 RCW and the prohibition against wagering on human life. Stranger-originated life insurance arrangements do not include those practices set forth in subsection (12)(d) of this section.
(26) “Terminally ill” means having an illness or sickness that can reasonably be expected to result in death in twenty-four months or less.

NOTES:

Reviser’s note: The definitions in this section have been alphabetized pursuant to RCW 1.08.015(2)(k).
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