In this chapter, unless the context otherwise requires:

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1. "Affiliated practice dental hygienist" means any licensed dental hygienist who is able, pursuant to Section 32-1289.01, to initiate treatment based on the dental hygienist’s assessment of a patient’s needs according to the terms of a written affiliated practice agreement with a dentist, to treat the patient without the presence of a dentist and to maintain a provider-patient relationship.

2. "Auxiliary personnel" means all dental assistants, dental technicians, dental x-ray technicians and other persons employed by dentists or firms and businesses providing dental services to dentists.

3. "Board" means the state board of dental examiners.

4. "Business entity" means a business organization that has an ownership that includes any persons who are not licensed or certified to provide dental services in this state, that offers to the public professional services regulated by the board and that is established pursuant to the laws of any state or foreign country.

5. "Dental assistant" means any person who acts as an assistant to a dentist, dental therapist or dental hygienist by rendering personal services to a patient that involve close proximity to the patient while the patient is under treatment or observation or undergoing diagnostic procedures.

6. "Dental hygienist" means any person who is licensed and engaged in the general practice of dental hygiene and all related and associated duties, including educational, clinical and therapeutic dental hygiene procedures.

7. "Dental incompetence" means lacking in sufficient dentistry knowledge or skills, or both, in that field of dentistry in which the dentist, dental therapist, denturist or dental hygienist concerned engages, to a degree likely to endanger the health of that person’s patients.

8. "Dental laboratory technician" means any person, other than a licensed dentist, who, pursuant to a written work order of a dentist, fabricates artificial teeth, prosthetic appliances or other mechanical and artificial contrivances designed to correct or alleviate injuries or defects, both developmental and acquired, disorders or deficiencies of the human oral cavity, teeth, investing tissues, maxilla or mandible or adjacent associated structures.

9. "Dental therapist" means any person who is licensed and engaged in the general practice of dental therapy and all related and associated duties, including educational, clinical and therapeutic dental therapy procedures.

10. "Dental x-ray laboratory technician" means any person, other than a licensed dentist, who, pursuant to a written work order of a dentist, performs dental and maxillofacial radiography, including cephalometrics, panoramic and maxillofacial tomography and other dental related nonfluoroscopic diagnostic imaging modalities.

11. "Dentistry", "dentist" and "dental" mean the general practice of dentistry and all specialties or restricted practices of dentistry.

12. "Denturist" means a person practicing denture technology pursuant to article 5 of this chapter.

13. "Disciplinary action" means regulatory sanctions that are imposed by the board in combination with, or as an alternative to, revocation or suspension of a license and that may include:

(a) Imposition of an administrative penalty in an amount not to exceed two thousand dollars for each violation of this chapter or rules adopted under this chapter.

(b) Imposition of restrictions on the scope of practice.

(c) Imposition of peer review and professional education requirements.

(d) Imposition of censure or probation requirements best adapted to protect the public welfare, which may include a requirement for restitution to the patient resulting from violations of this chapter or rules adopted under this chapter.

14. "Irregularities in billing" means submitting any claim, bill or government assistance claim to any patient, responsible party or third-party payor for dental services rendered that is materially false with the intent to receive unearned income as evidenced by any of the following:

(a) Charges for services not rendered.

(b) Any treatment date that does not accurately reflect the date when the service and procedures were actually completed.

(c) Any description of a dental service or procedure that does not accurately reflect the actual work completed.

(d) Any charge for a service or procedure that cannot be clinically justified or determined to be necessary.

(e) Any statement that is material to the claim and that the licensee knows is false or misleading.

(f) An abrogation of the copayment provisions of a dental insurance contract by a waiver of all or a part of the copayment from the patient if this results in an excessive or fraudulent charge to a third party or if the waiver is used as an enticement to receive dental services from that provider. This subdivision does not interfere with a contractual relationship between a third-party payor and a licensee or business entity registered with the board.

(g) Any other practice in billing that results in excessive or fraudulent charges to the patient.

15. "Letter of concern" means an advisory letter to notify a licensee or a registered business entity that, while the evidence does not warrant disciplinary action, the board believes that the licensee or registered business entity should modify or eliminate certain practices and that continuation of the activities that led to the information being submitted to the board may result in board action against the practitioner’s license or the business entity’s registration. A letter of concern is not a disciplinary action. A letter of concern is a public document and may be used in a future disciplinary action.

16. "Licensed" means licensed pursuant to this chapter.

17. "Place of practice" means each physical location at which a person who is licensed pursuant to this chapter performs services subject to this chapter.

18. "Primary mailing address" means the address on file with the board and to which official board correspondence, notices or documents are delivered in a manner determined by the board.

19. "Qualified anesthesia provider" means any of the following:

(a) A licensee who holds a permit to administer anesthesia and sedation from the board pursuant to section 32-1207.

(b) A physician who has completed residency training in anesthesiology, who is licensed pursuant to chapter 13 or 17 of this title and who is registered with the Arizona medical board or the Arizona board of osteopathic examiners in medicine and surgery to administer anesthesia in dental offices and dental clinics pursuant to section 32-1403 or 32-1803.

(c) A certified registered nurse anesthetist who has a national board certification in anesthesiology, who is licensed pursuant to chapter 15 of this title and who is registered with the Arizona state board of nursing to administer anesthesia in dental offices and dental clinics pursuant to section 32-1606.

20. "Recognized dental hygiene school" means a school that has a dental hygiene program with a minimum two academic year curriculum, or the equivalent of four semesters, and that is approved by the board and accredited by the American dental association commission on dental accreditation.

21. "Recognized dental school" means a dental school that is accredited by the American dental association commission on dental accreditation.

22. "Recognized dental therapy school" means a school that is accredited or that has received initial accreditation by the American dental association commission on dental accreditation.

23. "Recognized denturist school" means a denturist school that maintains standards of entrance, study and graduation and that is accredited by the United States department of education or the council on higher education accreditation.

24. "Supervised personnel" means all dental hygienists, dental assistants, dental laboratory technicians, dental therapists, denturists, dental x-ray laboratory technicians and other persons supervised by licensed dentists.

25. "Teledentistry" means the use of data transmitted through interactive audio, video or data communications for the purposes of examination, diagnosis, treatment planning, consultation and directing the delivery of treatment by dentists and dental providers in settings permissible under this chapter or specified in rules adopted by the board.