Terms Used In Arizona Laws > Title 43 > Chapter 10 - Individuals

• Act of the members: means either:

  (a) An act adopted or rejected by a majority of the votes represented and voting at a duly held meeting at which a quorum is present where affirmative votes also constitute a majority of the required quorum unless a greater number of votes is required by chapters 24 through 40 of this title, the articles of incorporation or the bylaws. See Arizona Laws 10-3140

• Action: includes any matter or proceeding in a court, civil or criminal. See Arizona Laws 1-215
• Amortization: Paying off a loan by regular installments.
• Annuity: A periodic (usually annual) payment of a fixed sum of money for either the life of the recipient or for a fixed number of years. A series of payments under a contract from an insurance company, a trust company, or an individual. Annuity payments are made at regular intervals over a period of more than one full year.
• Appraisal: A determination of property value.
• Articles of incorporation: means the original or restated articles of incorporation or articles of merger and all amendments to the articles of incorporation or merger and includes amended and restated articles of incorporation and articles of amendment and merger. See Arizona Laws 10-140
• Assessment: includes a proposed additional assessment. See Arizona Laws 43-104
• Attachment: A procedure by which a person's property is seized to pay judgments levied by the court.
• Attorney-in-fact: A person who, acting as an agent, is given written authorization by another person to transact business for him (her) out of court.
• Bankruptcy: Refers to statutes and judicial proceedings involving persons or businesses that cannot pay their debts and seek the assistance of the court in getting a fresh start. Under the protection of the bankruptcy court, debtors may discharge their debts, perhaps by paying a portion of each debt. Bankruptcy judges preside over these proceedings.
• Beneficiary: A person who is entitled to receive the benefits or proceeds of a will, trust, insurance policy, retirement plan, annuity, or other contract. ^{Source: OCC}
• Board: means the state board of tax appeals or, if applicable, a division of the state board. See Arizona Laws 43-104
• Bylaws: means the code of rules adopted for the regulation or management of the affairs of the corporation irrespective of the name by which those rules are designated. See Arizona Laws 10-140
• Class: refers to a group of memberships that have the same rights with respect to voting, dissolution, redemption and transfer. See Arizona Laws 10-3140
• Contract: A legal written agreement that becomes binding when signed.
• Corporation: means a corporation, joint stock company, bank, insurance company, business trust or so-called "Massachusetts trust" investment company or building and loan association and any other association whether incorporated or unincorporated. See Arizona Laws 43-104
• Corporation: A legal entity owned by the holders of shares of stock that have been issued, and that can own, receive, and transfer property, and carry on business in its own name.
• Court: means the superior court of this state. See Arizona Laws 10-140
• Damages: Money paid by defendants to successful plaintiffs in civil cases to compensate the plaintiffs for their injuries.
• Deed: The legal instrument used to transfer title in real property from one person to another.
• Delegates: means those persons elected or appointed to vote in a representative assembly for the election of a director or directors or on other matters. See Arizona Laws 10-3140
• Department: means the department of revenue, the director or the director's authorized delegate, as the context requires. See Arizona Laws 43-104
• Dependent: A person dependent for support upon another.
• Director: means the director of the department of revenue. See Arizona Laws 43-104
• Donee: The recipient of a gift.
• Donor: The person who makes a gift.
• Entity: includes a corporation, foreign corporation, not for profit corporation, profit and not for profit unincorporated association, nonprofit corporation, close corporation, corporation sole or limited liability company, a professional corporation, association or limited liability company, a business trust, estate, partnership, registered limited liability partnership, trust or joint venture, two or more persons having a joint or common economic interest, any person other than an individual and a state, the United States and a foreign government. See Arizona Laws 10-140
• Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other.
• Executor: A male person named in a will to carry out the decedent
• Fair market value: The price at which an asset would change hands in a transaction between a willing, informed buyer and a willing, informed seller.
• Fee simple: Absolute title to property with no limitations or restrictions regarding the person who may inherit it.
• Fiduciary: A trustee, executor, or administrator.
• Fiscal year: means an accounting period of twelve months ending on the last day of any month other than December. See Arizona Laws 43-104
• Fiscal year: The fiscal year is the accounting period for the government. For the federal government, this begins on October 1 and ends on September 30. The fiscal year is designated by the calendar year in which it ends; for example, fiscal year 2006 begins on October 1, 2005 and ends on September 30, 2006.
• Foreclosure: A legal process in which property that is collateral or security for a loan may be sold to help repay the loan when the loan is in default. ^{Source: OCC}
• Foreign country: means any jurisdiction other than one embraced within the United States. See Arizona Laws 43-104
• Fraud: Intentional deception resulting in injury to another.
• Gift: A voluntary transfer or conveyance of property without consideration, or for less than full and adequate consideration based on fair market value.
• Guardian: A person legally empowered and charged with the duty of taking care of and managing the property of another person who because of age, intellect, or health, is incapable of managing his (her) own affairs.
• including: means not limited to and is not a term of exclusion. See Arizona Laws 1-215
• Individual: means a natural person. See Arizona Laws 43-104
• Jurisdiction: (1) The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a case. Concurrent jurisdiction exists when two courts have simultaneous responsibility for the same case. (2) The geographic area over which the court has authority to decide cases.
• Lease: A contract transferring the use of property or occupancy of land, space, structures, or equipment in consideration of a payment (e.g., rent). ^{Source: OCC}
• Legal tender: coins, dollar bills, or other currency issued by a government as official money. ^{Source: U.S. Mint}
• Lien: A claim against real or personal property in satisfaction of a debt.
• Litigation: A case, controversy, or lawsuit. Participants (plaintiffs and defendants) in lawsuits are called litigants.
• Married person: means a married person on the last day of the taxable year subject to the rules in section 43-1002. See Arizona Laws 43-1001
• Member: means , without regard to what a person is called in the articles of incorporation or bylaws, any person or persons who, pursuant to a provision of a corporation's articles of incorporation or bylaws, have the right to vote for the election of a director or directors. See Arizona Laws 10-3140
• Membership: refers to the rights and obligations a member or members have pursuant to a corporation's articles of incorporation and bylaws and chapters 24 through 40 of this title. See Arizona Laws 10-3140
• Month: means a calendar month unless otherwise expressed. See Arizona Laws 1-215
• Net income: means taxable income. See Arizona Laws 43-1001
• Nonresident: means every individual other than a resident. See Arizona Laws 43-104
• Oversight: Committee review of the activities of a Federal agency or program.
• Partner: means a member of a partnership. See Arizona Laws 43-104
• Partnership: includes a syndicate, group, pool, joint venture or other unincorporated organization, through or by means of which any business, financial operation or venture is carried on and that is not, within the meaning of this title, a trust, estate or corporation. See Arizona Laws 43-104
• Partnership: A voluntary contract between two or more persons to pool some or all of their assets into a business, with the agreement that there will be a proportional sharing of profits and losses.
• Person: includes an individual and entity. See Arizona Laws 10-140
• Person: means an individual. See Arizona Laws 43-1001
• Personal property: includes money, goods, chattels, things in action and evidences of debt. See Arizona Laws 1-215
• Personal property: All property that is not real property.
• Process: means a citation, writ or summons issued in the course of judicial proceedings. See Arizona Laws 1-215
• Property: includes both real and personal property. See Arizona Laws 1-215
• Proxy voting: The practice of allowing a legislator to cast a vote in committee for an absent legislator.
• Public law: A public bill or joint resolution that has passed both chambers and been enacted into law. Public laws have general applicability nationwide.
• Quorum: The number of legislators that must be present to do business.
• Real property: Land, and all immovable fixtures erected on, growing on, or affixed to the land.
• Remainder: An interest in property that takes effect in the future at a specified time or after the occurrence of some event, such as the death of a life tenant.
• Resident: includes :

  (a) Every individual who is in this state for other than a temporary or transitory purpose. See Arizona Laws 43-104

• Secretary: means that officer designated as the secretary in the articles of incorporation or bylaws or that officer authorized in the articles of incorporation, the bylaws or otherwise to perform the functions of secretary, irrespective of the name by which designated. See Arizona Laws 10-140
• Settlement: Parties to a lawsuit resolve their difference without having a trial. Settlements often involve the payment of compensation by one party in satisfaction of the other party's claims.
• Single person: means any person who is not married or who was legally separated on the last day of the person's taxable year. See Arizona Laws 43-1001
• Spouse: means the wife or husband of the taxpayer. See Arizona Laws 43-1001
• Tax: means the taxes imposed under this title. See Arizona Laws 43-104
• Taxable year: means :

  (a) The calendar year or the fiscal year, ending during such calendar year, on the basis of which the taxable income is computed under this title. See Arizona Laws 43-104

• Taxpayer: means any person who is subject to a tax imposed by this chapter. See Arizona Laws 43-1001
• Trade or business: includes the performance of the functions of a public office. See Arizona Laws 43-104
• Trustee: A person or institution holding and administering property in trust.
• United States: when used in a geographical sense, includes the states, the District of Columbia and the possessions of the United States. See Arizona Laws 43-104
• Vote: includes authorization by written ballot and written consent. See Arizona Laws 10-3140
• Voting group: means all shares of one or more classes or series that under the articles of incorporation or chapters 1 through 17 of this title are entitled to vote and be counted together collectively on a matter at a meeting of shareholders. See Arizona Laws 10-140
• Writing: includes printing. See Arizona Laws 1-215
• written: includes blockchain technology as defined in section 44-7061. See Arizona Laws 10-140