§ 89C-1 Purpose
§ 89C-1.5 Definitions
§ 89C-2 Adjustments authorized; limitations, restrictions
§ 89C-3 Adjustments for excluded civil service employees
§ 89C-4 Adjustments for excluded employees exempt from civil service
§ 89C-5 Implementation; approval and appropriations
§ 89C-6 Chapter takes precedence, when
§ 89C-7 Severability
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Terms Used In Hawaii Revised Statutes > Chapter 89C - Public Officers and Employees Excluded From Collective Bargaining

  • Accounting period: means a calendar year unless another twelve-month period is selected by a fiduciary. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 557A-102
  • Adjourn: A motion to adjourn a legislative chamber or a committee, if passed, ends that day's session.
  • Adjustment: means a change in wages, hours, benefits, or other term and condition of employment. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 89C-1.5
  • Advertisement: means any communication, excluding sundry items such as bumper stickers, that:

    (1) Identifies a candidate directly or by implication, or identifies an issue or question that will appear on the ballot at the next applicable election; and
    (2) Advocates or supports the nomination, opposition, or election of the candidate, or advocates the passage or defeat of the issue or question on the ballot. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 11-302
  • Advice and consent: Under the Constitution, presidential nominations for executive and judicial posts take effect only when confirmed by the Senate, and international treaties become effective only when the Senate approves them by a two-thirds vote.
  • Affidavit: A written statement of facts confirmed by the oath of the party making it, before a notary or officer having authority to administer oaths.
  • Affiliate of a developer: means a person that directly or indirectly controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with, the developer. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 514B-3
  • Alley: means a street or highway intended to provide access to the rear or side of lots or buildings and not intended for the purpose of through vehicular traffic. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 291C-1
  • Amendment: A proposal to alter the text of a pending bill or other measure by striking out some of it, by inserting new language, or both. Before an amendment becomes part of the measure, thelegislature must agree to it.
  • Amortization: Paying off a loan by regular installments.
  • Annuity: A periodic (usually annual) payment of a fixed sum of money for either the life of the recipient or for a fixed number of years. A series of payments under a contract from an insurance company, a trust company, or an individual. Annuity payments are made at regular intervals over a period of more than one full year.
  • Answer: The formal written statement by a defendant responding to a civil complaint and setting forth the grounds for defense.
  • Appeal: A request made after a trial, asking another court (usually the court of appeals) to decide whether the trial was conducted properly. To make such a request is "to appeal" or "to take an appeal." One who appeals is called the appellant.
  • Appellate: About appeals; an appellate court has the power to review the judgement of another lower court or tribunal.
  • Appraisal: A determination of property value.
  • Appropriate authority: means the governor, the respective mayors, the chief justice of the supreme court, the board of education, the board of regents, the state public charter school commission, the Hawaii health systems corporation board, the auditor, the ombudsman, and the director of the legislative reference bureau. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 89C-1.5
  • Appropriation: The provision of funds, through an annual appropriations act or a permanent law, for federal agencies to make payments out of the Treasury for specified purposes. The formal federal spending process consists of two sequential steps: authorization
  • Assets: (1) The property comprising the estate of a deceased person, or (2) the property in a trust account.
  • Association: means the unit owners' association organized under section 514B-102 or under prior condominium property regime statutes. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 514B-3
  • Attorney-in-fact: A person who, acting as an agent, is given written authorization by another person to transact business for him (her) out of court.
  • Authorized emergency vehicle: includes fire department vehicles, police vehicles, ambulances, ocean safety vehicles, law enforcement vehicles, and conservation and resources enforcement vehicles authorized and approved pursuant to section 291-31. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 291C-1
  • Aviation artifact: means airplanes, fallen aircraft, crash sites, or any objects or materials associated with the history of aerospace in Hawaii which are over fifty years old, or determined to be of exceptional historic significance by the department. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 6E-2
  • Ballot: includes :

    (1) A ballot summary reflecting a complete record of the ballot selections made by a voter utilizing an HTML ballot or similar accessible ballot that produces a ballot summary;

    (2) A voter verifiable paper audit trail in the event there is a discrepancy between a voting machine's electronic record of the voted ballot and the voter verifiable paper audit trail; and

    (3) A ballot used in an election by mail pursuant to part VIIA, including a ballot approved for electronic transmission. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 11-1

  • Bankruptcy: Refers to statutes and judicial proceedings involving persons or businesses that cannot pay their debts and seek the assistance of the court in getting a fresh start. Under the protection of the bankruptcy court, debtors may discharge their debts, perhaps by paying a portion of each debt. Bankruptcy judges preside over these proceedings.
  • Beneficiary: A person who is entitled to receive the benefits or proceeds of a will, trust, insurance policy, retirement plan, annuity, or other contract. Source: OCC
  • Beneficiary: includes , in the case of a decedent's estate, an heir and devisee and, in the case of a trust, an income beneficiary and a remainder beneficiary. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 557A-102
  • Bequest: Property gifted by will.
  • Bicycle: means :

    (1) A vehicle propelled solely by human power upon which any person may ride, having two tandem wheels, and including any vehicle generally recognized as a bicycle though equipped with two front or two rear wheels except a toy bicycle; or
    (2) A low-speed electric bicycle, as defined under title 15 United States Code § 2085. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 291C-1
  • Bicycle lane: means that portion of any highway which has been set aside for the preferential or exclusive use of bicycles. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 291C-1
  • Bicycle path: means any facility set aside for the preferential or exclusive use of bicycles and physically separated from a highway. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 291C-1
  • Bicycle route: means any highway that is designated to be shared by bicycles and pedestrians or motor vehicles, or both. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 291C-1
  • Bikeway: means a bicycle lane, bicycle path, or bicycle route, or any traffic control device, shelter, parking facility, or other support facility to serve bicycles and persons using bicycles. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 291C-1
  • Board: means the contractors license board. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 444-1
  • board: means the board of dentistry. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 448-5
  • Board: means the board of land and natural resources. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 171-1
  • board of directors: means the body, regardless of name, designated in the declaration or bylaws to act on behalf of the association. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 514B-3
  • Bodily injury: means physical pain, illness, or any impairment of physical condition. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 291C-1
  • Bonds: means bonds, notes, and other instruments of indebtedness. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 39-51
  • Burial good: means any item reasonably believed to have been intentionally placed with the human skeletal remains of an individual or individuals at the time of burial. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 6E-2
  • Burial site: means any specific unmarked location where prehistoric or historic human skeletal remains and their associated burial goods are interred, and its immediate surrounding archaeological context, deemed a unique class of historic property and not otherwise included in section 6E-41. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 6E-2
  • Bus: means every motor vehicle designed for carrying more than ten passengers and used for the transportation of persons; and every motor vehicle, other than a school bus or a taxicab, designed and used for the transportation of persons for compensation. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 291C-1
  • Business district: means the territory contiguous to and including a highway when within any six hundred feet along such highway there are buildings in use for business or industrial purposes, including but not limited to hotels, banks, or office buildings, and public buildings which occupy at least three hundred feet of frontage on one side or three hundred feet collectively on both sides of the highway. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 291C-1
  • Campaign funds: means contributions, interest, rebates, refunds, loans, or advances received by a candidate committee or noncandidate committee. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 11-302
  • Candidate: means an individual who seeks nomination for election or seeks election to office. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 11-302
  • Candidate committee: means an organization, association, or individual that receives campaign funds, makes expenditures, or incurs financial obligations on behalf of a candidate with the candidate's authorization. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 11-302
  • CFC: means any member of the family of substances containing carbon, fluorine, and chlorine, including, without limitation, those compounds known as CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-13, CFC-14, CFC-113, CFC-114, CFC-115, CFC-116, CFC-500, CFC-502, and CFC-503, and any combination or mixture containing any of these chlorofluorocarbon compounds. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 444-1
  • Circumstantial evidence: All evidence except eyewitness testimony.
  • Clearly identified: means the inclusion of name, photograph or other similar image, or other unambiguous identification of a candidate. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 11-302
  • Clerk of court: An officer appointed by the court to work with the chief judge in overseeing the court's administration, especially to assist in managing the flow of cases through the court and to maintain court records.
  • Codicil: An addition, change, or supplement to a will executed with the same formalities required for the will itself.
  • Commission: means the real estate commission of the State. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 514B-3
  • Commission: means the campaign spending commission. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 11-302
  • Commissioner: means any person appointed to the commission. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 11-302
  • Common elements: means :

    (1) All portions of a condominium other than the units; and

    (2) Any other interests in real estate for the benefit of unit owners that are subject to the declaration. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 514B-3

  • Common expenses: means expenditures made by, or financial liabilities of, the association for operation of the property, and shall include any allocations to reserves. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 514B-3
  • Common interest: means the percentage of undivided interest in the common elements appurtenant to each unit, as expressed in the declaration, and any specified percentage of the common interest means such percentage of the undivided interests in the aggregate. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 514B-3
  • Common law: The legal system that originated in England and is now in use in the United States. It is based on judicial decisions rather than legislative action.
  • Complaint: A written statement by the plaintiff stating the wrongs allegedly committed by the defendant.
  • Condominium: means real estate, portions of which are designated for separate ownership and the remainder of which is designated for common ownership solely by the owners of those portions. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 514B-3
  • Contract: A legal written agreement that becomes binding when signed.
  • Contractor: means any person who by oneself or through others offers to undertake, or holds oneself out as being able to undertake, or does undertake to alter, add to, subtract from, improve, enhance, or beautify any realty or construct, alter, repair, add to, subtract from, improve, move, wreck, or demolish any building, highway, road, railroad, excavation, or other structure, project, development, or improvement, or do any part thereof, including the erection of scaffolding or other structures or works in connection therewith. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 444-1
  • Contribution: means :

    (1) A gift, subscription, deposit of money or anything of value, or cancellation of a debt or legal obligation and includes the purchase of tickets to fundraisers, for the purpose of:
    (A) Influencing the nomination for election, or the election, of any person to office;
    (B) Influencing the outcome of any question or issue that has been certified to appear on the ballot at the next applicable election; or
    (C) Use by any candidate committee or noncandidate committee for the purpose of subparagraph (A) or (B);
    (2) The payment, by any person or party other than a candidate, candidate committee, or noncandidate committee, of compensation for the services of another person that are rendered to the candidate, candidate committee, or noncandidate committee without charge or at an unreasonably low charge for a purpose listed in paragraph (1);
    (3) A contract, promise, or agreement to make a contribution; or
    (4) Any loans or advances that are not documented or disclosed to the commission as provided in section 11-372;

    "Contribution" does not include:

    (1) Services voluntarily provided without compensation by individuals to or on behalf of a candidate, candidate committee, or noncandidate committee;
    (2) A candidate's expenditure of the candidate's own funds; provided that this expenditure shall be reportable as other receipts and expenditures;
    (3) Any loans or advances to the candidate committee; provided that these loans or advances shall be reported as loans; or
    (4) An individual, candidate committee, or noncandidate committee engaging in internet activities for the purpose of influencing an election if:
    (A) The individual, candidate committee, or noncandidate committee is uncompensated for the internet activities; or
    (B) The individual, candidate committee, or noncandidate committee uses equipment or services for uncompensated internet activities, regardless of who owns the equipment and services. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 11-302
  • Controlled-access highway: means every highway, street, or roadway in respect to which owners or occupants of abutting lands and other persons have no legal right of access to or from the same except at such points only and in such manner as may be determined by the public authority having jurisdiction over such highway, street, or roadway. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 291C-1
  • Conviction: A judgement of guilt against a criminal defendant.
  • Corporation: A legal entity owned by the holders of shares of stock that have been issued, and that can own, receive, and transfer property, and carry on business in its own name.
  • county: includes the city and county of Honolulu. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 1-22
  • Crosswalk: means :

    (1) That part of a roadway at an intersection included within the connections of the lateral lines of the sidewalks on opposite sides of the highway measured from the curbs or, in the absence of curbs, from the edges of the traversable roadway; or
    (2) Any portion of a roadway at an intersection or elsewhere distinctly indicated for pedestrian crossing by lines or other markings on the surface. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 291C-1
  • Damages: Money paid by defendants to successful plaintiffs in civil cases to compensate the plaintiffs for their injuries.
  • Dangerous wheels: means any wheel, wheel cover, hubcap, lug nut cover or cap, prong, or any ornamentation affixed to any of the aforementioned items that extends at least four inches beyond the portion of the wheel rim that extends furthest away from the vehicle and that may cause injury or property damage by minimal contact with a person or object. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 291C-1
  • Debt adjuster: means a person who for a profit engages in the business of acting as an intermediary between a debtor and the debtor's creditors for the purpose of settling, compromising, or in any way altering the terms of payment of any debts of the debtor and who:

    Receives money, property, or other thing of value from the debtor, or on behalf of the debtor, for distribution among the creditors of the debtor; or

    Otherwise arranges for payment to, or distribution among, the creditors of the debtor. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 446-1

  • Debtor: means an individual and includes two or more individuals who are jointly and severally or jointly or severally indebted. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 446-1
  • Decedent: A deceased person.
  • Declaration: means any instrument, however denominated, that creates a condominium, including any amendments to the instrument. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 514B-3
  • Deed: The legal instrument used to transfer title in real property from one person to another.
  • Defendant: In a civil suit, the person complained against; in a criminal case, the person accused of the crime.
  • Degree: means a post-secondary credential, earned or honorary, conferring on the recipient the title or designation of "associate" "bachelor" "baccalaureate" "master" "doctor" or "doctorate" or any designation, mark, appellation, series of letters or words, or other symbol which signifies, purports, or is generally taken to signify satisfactory completion of the requirements of an academic or professional program of study beyond the secondary school level. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 446E-1
  • Degree granting institution: means a school, academy, institute, junior college, college, university, agency, individual, partnership, company, firm, society, trust, association, corporation, or any combination thereof that meets the following criteria:

    (1) Provides a post-secondary instructional program or course leading to a degree;

    (2) Uses in its name the term "college" "academy" "institute" "institution" or "university" or a similar term which implies that the organization or person is primarily engaged in the education of students at the post-secondary level; and

    (3) Charges a fee for its services. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 446E-1

  • Department: means the department of commerce and consumer affairs. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 444-1
  • Department: means the department of land and natural resources. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 6E-2
  • Department: means any state department, board, commission, officer, authority, or agency (other than a "municipality" defined by § 49-1 ) which is charged by law with the administration of an undertaking or loan program. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 39-51
  • Department: means the department of land and natural resources. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 171-1
  • Department head: means any officer having charge of a department for which there is no governing body. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 39-51
  • Dependent: A person dependent for support upon another.
  • Developer: means a person who undertakes to develop a real estate condominium project, including a person who succeeds to the interest of the developer by acquiring a controlling interest in the developer or in the project. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 514B-3
  • Development rights: means any right or combination of rights reserved by a developer in the declaration to:

    (1) Add real estate to a condominium;

    (2) Create units, common elements, or limited common elements within a condominium;

    (3) Subdivide units, combine units, or convert units into common elements;

    (4) Withdraw real estate from a condominium;

    (5) Merge projects or increments of a project; or

    (6) Otherwise alter the condominium. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 514B-3

  • Devise: To gift property by will.
  • Director: means the director of commerce and consumer affairs. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 444-1
  • Director: means the director of commerce and consumer affairs. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 446E-1
  • Discovery: Lawyers' examination, before trial, of facts and documents in possession of the opponents to help the lawyers prepare for trial.
  • District: means , unless otherwise specified, the district of political representation associated with a state representative. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 11-1
  • District: means the land district as constituted under this chapter. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 171-1
  • Donation: means all transfers of money, credit or debit card transactions, online payments, payments made through a third party, paid personal services, or transfers of any other thing of value to a nonprofit organization. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 11-302
  • Donee: The recipient of a gift.
  • Donor: The person who makes a gift.
  • Driver: means every person who drives or is in actual physical control of a vehicle. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 291C-1
  • Election: means any election for office or for determining a question or issue provided by law or ordinance. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 11-302
  • Election period: means :

    (1) The two-year time period between the day after the general election through the day of the next general election, if a candidate is seeking nomination or election to a two-year office;
    (2) The four-year time period between the day after the general election through the day of the next general election, if a candidate is seeking nomination or election to a four-year office; or
    (3) For a special election, the period between the day after the general election for that office through the day of the special election. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 11-302
  • Electric foot scooter: means a device:

    (1) Weighing less than seventy-five pounds;
    (2) With two or three wheels;
    (3) With handlebars;
    (4) With either:
    (A) A floorboard that can be stood upon while riding; or
    (B) A seat or saddle for the use of the rider and stationary footrests;
    (5) That is powered by an electric motor or human power; and
    (6) Whose maximum speed, with or without human propulsion on a paved level surface, does not exceed fifteen miles per hour. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 291C-1
  • Electric personal assistive mobility device: means a self-balancing, two-wheeled, non-tandem-wheeled device, designed to transport only one person, using an electric propulsion system that limits the maximum speed of the device to twelve and a half miles per hour or less. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 291C-1
  • employee: means any individual who is employed by an appropriate authority and is not included in an appropriate bargaining unit under § 89-6 and, therefore, is not entitled to collective bargaining coverage under chapter 89. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 89C-1.5
  • Employee: means a person who is hired on an hourly or salaried basis for twenty or more hours per week. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 446E-1
  • Entitlement: A Federal program or provision of law that requires payments to any person or unit of government that meets the eligibility criteria established by law. Entitlements constitute a binding obligation on the part of the Federal Government, and eligible recipients have legal recourse if the obligation is not fulfilled. Social Security and veterans' compensation and pensions are examples of entitlement programs.
  • Equipment and services: includes computers, software, internet domain names, internet service providers, and any other technology that is used to provide access to or use of the Internet. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 11-302
  • Equitable: Pertaining to civil suits in "equity" rather than in "law." In English legal history, the courts of "law" could order the payment of damages and could afford no other remedy. See damages. A separate court of "equity" could order someone to do something or to cease to do something. See, e.g., injunction. In American jurisprudence, the federal courts have both legal and equitable power, but the distinction is still an important one. For example, a trial by jury is normally available in "law" cases but not in "equity" cases. Source: U.S. Courts
  • Escrow: Money given to a third party to be held for payment until certain conditions are met.
  • Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other.
  • Executive session: A portion of the Senate's daily session in which it considers executive business.
  • Executor: A male person named in a will to carry out the decedent
  • Expenditure: means :

    (1) Any purchase or transfer of money or anything of value, or promise or agreement to purchase or transfer money or anything of value, or payment incurred or made, or the use or consumption of a nonmonetary contribution for the purpose of:
    (A) Influencing the nomination for election, or the election, of any person seeking nomination for election or election to office, whether or not the person has filed the person's nomination papers;
    (B) Influencing the outcome of any question or issue that has been certified to appear on the ballot at the next applicable election; or
    (C) Use by any party for the purposes set out in subparagraph (A) or (B);
    (2) Any payment, by any person other than a candidate, candidate committee, or noncandidate committee, of compensation for the services of another person that are rendered to the candidate, candidate committee, or noncandidate committee for any of the purposes mentioned in paragraph (1)(A); provided that payment under this paragraph shall include provision of services without charge; or
    (3) The expenditure by a candidate of the candidate's own funds for the purposes set out in paragraph (1)(A). See Hawaii Revised Statutes 11-302
  • Fair market value: The price at which an asset would change hands in a transaction between a willing, informed buyer and a willing, informed seller.
  • Fee simple: Absolute title to property with no limitations or restrictions regarding the person who may inherit it.
  • Fiduciary: A trustee, executor, or administrator.
  • Fiscal year: The fiscal year is the accounting period for the government. For the federal government, this begins on October 1 and ends on September 30. The fiscal year is designated by the calendar year in which it ends; for example, fiscal year 2006 begins on October 1, 2005 and ends on September 30, 2006.
  • Foreclosure: A legal process in which property that is collateral or security for a loan may be sold to help repay the loan when the loan is in default. Source: OCC
  • Fraud: Intentional deception resulting in injury to another.
  • Gift: A voluntary transfer or conveyance of property without consideration, or for less than full and adequate consideration based on fair market value.
  • Governing body: means any board, commission, agency, authority, public corporation, instrumentality, or other body consisting of more than one person, having charge of a department. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 39-51
  • Grantor: The person who establishes a trust and places property into it.
  • Guardian: A person legally empowered and charged with the duty of taking care of and managing the property of another person who because of age, intellect, or health, is incapable of managing his (her) own affairs.
  • HCFC: means any member of the family of substances containing hydrogen, carbon, fluorine, and chlorine, including, without limitation, those compounds known as HCFC-22 and HCFC-123 and any combination or mixture containing any of three hydrochlorofluorocarbon compounds. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 444-1
  • Highway: means the entire width between the boundary lines of every way publicly maintained and those private streets, as defined in § 46-16, over which the application of this chapter has been extended by ordinance, when any part thereof is open to the use of the public for purposes of vehicular travel. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 291C-1
  • Historic preservation: means the research, protection, restoration, rehabilitation, and interpretation of buildings, structures, objects, districts, areas, and sites, including underwater sites and burial sites, significant to the history, architecture, archaeology, or culture of this State, its communities, or the nation. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 6E-2
  • Historic property: means any building, structure, object, district, area, or site, including heiau and underwater site, which is over fifty years old. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 6E-2
  • Holder of record having a security interest: is a person who is the owner or possessor of a security interest in any land covered in § 171-21 and who has filed with the bureau of conveyances of the State and with the department a copy of the interest. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 171-1
  • House trailer: means :

    (1) A trailer or semitrailer which is designed, constructed, and equipped as a dwelling place, living abode, or sleeping place (either permanently or temporarily) and is equipped for use as a conveyance on streets and highways; or
    (2) A trailer or a semitrailer whose chassis and exterior shell is designed and constructed for use as a house trailer, as defined in paragraph (1), but which is used instead permanently or temporarily for the advertising, sales, display, or promotion of merchandise or services, or for any other commercial purpose except the transportation of property for hire or the transportation of property for distribution by a private carrier. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 291C-1
  • Human skeletal remains: means the body or any part of the body of a deceased human being. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 6E-2
  • Income: means money or property a fiduciary receives as the current return from a principal asset. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 557A-102
  • Income interest: means an income beneficiary's right to receive all or part of the net income, whether the terms of the trust require it to be distributed or authorize it to be distributed in the trustee's discretion. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 557A-102
  • Individual: means a natural person. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 11-302
  • Injunction: An order of the court prohibiting (or compelling) the performance of a specific act to prevent irreparable damage or injury.
  • Internet activities: include :

    (1) Sending or forwarding electronic messages;
    (2) Providing a hyperlink or other direct access to another person's website;
    (3) Blogging;
    (4) Creating, maintaining, or hosting a website;
    (5) Paying a nominal fee for the use of another person's website; and
    (6) Any other form of communication distributed over the Internet. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 11-302
  • Intersection: means the area embraced within the prolongation or connection of the lateral curb lines, or, if none, then the lateral boundary lines of the roadways of two highways which join one another at, or approximately at, right angles, or the area within which vehicles traveling upon different highways joining at any other angle may come in conflict. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 291C-1
  • Intestate: Dying without leaving a will.
  • Investigator: means any person employed by the department of commerce and consumer affairs to investigate matters relating to any person who furnishes commodities or services for which a license is required from the department or any board or commission thereunder. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 444-1
  • Joint tenancy: A form of property ownership in which two or more parties hold an undivided interest in the same property that was conveyed under the same instrument at the same time. A joint tenant can sell his (her) interest but not dispose of it by will. Upon the death of a joint tenant, his (her) undivided interest is distributed among the surviving joint tenants.
  • Jurisdiction: (1) The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a case. Concurrent jurisdiction exists when two courts have simultaneous responsibility for the same case. (2) The geographic area over which the court has authority to decide cases.
  • Land: includes all interests therein and natural resources including water, minerals, and all such things connected with land, unless otherwise expressly provided. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 171-1
  • Lawsuit: A legal action started by a plaintiff against a defendant based on a complaint that the defendant failed to perform a legal duty, resulting in harm to the plaintiff.
  • Lease: A contract transferring the use of property or occupancy of land, space, structures, or equipment in consideration of a payment (e.g., rent). Source: OCC
  • Lease: means the right to possess and use land for a term of years. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 171-1
  • Liabilities: The aggregate of all debts and other legal obligations of a particular person or legal entity.
  • Lien: A claim against real or personal property in satisfaction of a debt.
  • Limited common element: means a portion of the common elements designated by the declaration or by operation of § 514B-35 for the exclusive use of one or more but fewer than all of the units. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 514B-3
  • Limited liability company: means a business entity that is recognized as a limited liability company under the laws of the state in which it is established. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 11-302
  • Litigation: A case, controversy, or lawsuit. Participants (plaintiffs and defendants) in lawsuits are called litigants.
  • Loan: means an advance of money, goods, or services, with a promise to repay in full or in part within a specified period of time. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 11-302
  • Loan program: means the activities and policies undertaken by any department to provide assistance to any department or to any county or board, agency, or instrumentality thereof, or to members of the general public who are residents of the State, by making loans or causing loans to be made available to them or by buying, refinancing, or guaranteeing loans made to or other obligations incurred by them for purposes as may be authorized by law. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 39-51
  • majority of the unit owners: means the owners of units to which are appurtenant more than fifty per cent of the common interests. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 514B-3
  • Managing agent: means any person retained, as an independent contractor, for the purpose of managing the operation of the property. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 514B-3
  • Mandatory income interest: means an income beneficiary's right to receive net income that the terms of the trust require the fiduciary to distribute. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 557A-102
  • Marital deduction: The deduction(s) that can be taken in the determination of gift and estate tax liabilities because of the existence of a marriage or marital relationship.
  • master lease: means any deed or lease showing the extent of the interest of the person submitting the property to the condominium property regime. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 514B-3
  • Mitigation plan: means a plan, approved by the department, for the care and disposition of historic properties, aviation artifacts, and burial sites or the contents thereof, that includes monitoring, protection, restoration, and interpretation plans. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 6E-2
  • month: means a calendar month; and the word "year" a calendar year. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 1-20
  • Moped: means a device upon which a person may ride that has :

    (1) Two or three wheels in contact with the ground;
    (2) A motor having a maximum power output capability measured at the motor output shaft, in accordance with SAE International standards, of two horsepower (one thousand four hundred ninety-two watts) or less and, if it is a combustion engine, a maximum piston or rotor displacement of 3. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 291C-1
  • Mortgage: The written agreement pledging property to a creditor as collateral for a loan.
  • Mortgagee: The person to whom property is mortgaged and who has loaned the money.
  • Mortgagor: The person who pledges property to a creditor as collateral for a loan and who receives the money.
  • Motor vehicle: means every vehicle which is self-propelled and every vehicle which is propelled by electric power but not operated upon rails but excludes a moped. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 291C-1
  • National Credit Union Administration: The federal regulatory agency that charters and supervises federal credit unions. (NCUA also administers the National Credit Union Share Insurance Fund, which insures the deposits of federal credit unions.) Source: OCC
  • Neighborhood electric vehicle: means a self-propelled electrically powered motor vehicle to which all of the following apply:

    (1) The vehicle is emission free;

    (2) The vehicle is designed to be and is operated at speeds of twenty-five miles per hour or less;
    (3) The vehicle has four wheels in contact with the ground;
    (4) The vehicle has a gross vehicle weight rating of less than three thousand pounds; and
    (5) The vehicle conforms to the minimum safety equipment requirements as adopted in the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 291C-1
  • Net income: means the total receipts allocated to income during an accounting period minus the disbursements made from income during the period. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 557A-102
  • Newspaper: means a publication of general distribution in the State issued once or more per month, which is written and published in the State. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 11-302
  • Noncandidate committee: means an organization, association, party, or individual that has the purpose of making or receiving contributions, making expenditures, or incurring financial obligations to influence the nomination for election, or the election, of any candidate to office, or for or against any question or issue on the ballot; provided that a noncandidate committee does not include:

    (1) A candidate committee;
    (2) Any individual making a contribution or making an expenditure of the individual's own funds or anything of value that the individual originally acquired for the individual's own use and not for the purpose of evading any provision of this part; or
    (3) Any organization that raises or expends funds for the sole purpose of producing and disseminating informational or educational communications that are not made to influence the outcome of an election, question, or issue on a ballot. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 11-302
  • Nonprofit organization: means an organization that is exempt from federal taxation under section 501(c)(4) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 11-302
  • Obligation: An order placed, contract awarded, service received, or similar transaction during a given period that will require payments during the same or a future period.
  • Office: means space within a structure that is leased, subleased, rented, or owned by the unaccredited institution or one or more of its officers or directors for the exclusive use by the unaccredited institution, as evidenced by a written lease agreement, sublease agreement, rental agreement, or conveyance document, and shall not include an arrangement for mail forwarding services or mailbox rental. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 446E-1
  • Office: means any Hawaii elective public or constitutional office, excluding county neighborhood board and federal elective offices. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 11-302
  • Operation of the property: means the administration, fiscal management, and physical operation of the property, and includes the maintenance, repair, and replacement of, and the making of any additions and improvements to, the common elements. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 514B-3
  • Other receipts: means the candidate's own funds, interest, rebates, refunds, and any other funds received by a candidate committee or noncandidate committee, but does not include contributions received from other persons or loans. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 11-302
  • Owner: means a person, other than a lien holder, having the property in or title to a vehicle. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 291C-1
  • parking: means the standing of a vehicle, whether occupied or not, otherwise than temporarily for the purpose of and while actually engaged in loading or unloading merchandise or passengers. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 291C-1
  • Partnership: A voluntary contract between two or more persons to pool some or all of their assets into a business, with the agreement that there will be a proportional sharing of profits and losses.
  • Party: means any political party that satisfies the requirements of section 11-61. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 11-302
  • Pedestrian: means any person afoot, in an invalid chair, or in a vehicle propelled by a person afoot. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 291C-1
  • Person: means an individual, partnership, corporation, firm, association, or any other legal entity. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 446-1
  • Person: means any individual, firm, corporation, partnership, or association. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 6E-2
  • Person: means an individual, firm, corporation, partnership, association, trust, or other legal entity, or any combination thereof. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 514B-3
  • Person: means an individual, corporation, business trust, estate, trust, partnership, limited liability company, association, joint venture, or any other legal or commercial entity. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 557A-102
  • Person: includes individual, partnership, corporation, and association, except as otherwise defined in this chapter. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 171-1
  • Person: means an individual, a partnership, a candidate committee or noncandidate committee, a party, an association, a corporation, a business entity, an organization, or a labor union and its auxiliary committees. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 11-302
  • Personal property: All property that is not real property.
  • Plaintiff: The person who files the complaint in a civil lawsuit.
  • Pleadings: Written statements of the parties in a civil case of their positions. In the federal courts, the principal pleadings are the complaint and the answer.
  • Police officer: means every officer authorized to direct or regulate traffic or to make arrests for violations of traffic regulations. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 291C-1
  • Power of attorney: A written instrument which authorizes one person to act as another's agent or attorney. The power of attorney may be for a definite, specific act, or it may be general in nature. The terms of the written power of attorney may specify when it will expire. If not, the power of attorney usually expires when the person granting it dies. Source: OCC
  • Precedent: A court decision in an earlier case with facts and law similar to a dispute currently before a court. Precedent will ordinarily govern the decision of a later similar case, unless a party can show that it was wrongly decided or that it differed in some significant way.
  • Presence: means offering courses, programs, or degrees or maintaining a campus, or an administrative, corporate, or other address in this State. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 446E-1
  • Principal: means property held in trust for distribution to a remainder beneficiary when the trust terminates. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 557A-102
  • Private road or driveway: means every way or place in private ownership and used for vehicular travel by the owner and those having express or implied permission from the owner, but not by other persons. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 291C-1
  • Probate: Proving a will
  • Probation: A sentencing alternative to imprisonment in which the court releases convicted defendants under supervision as long as certain conditions are observed.
  • Programmatic agreement: means a document that sets forth the terms of a formal, legally binding agreement and establishes a process for consultation, review, and compliance with federal laws. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 6E-2
  • Project: means any activity directly undertaken by the State or its political subdivisions or supported in whole or in part through appropriations, contracts, grants, loans, or other forms of funding assistance from the State or its political subdivisions or involving any lease, permit, license, certificate, land use change, or other entitlement for use issued by the State or its political subdivisions. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 6E-2
  • Project: means a real estate condominium project; a plan or project whereby a condominium of two or more units located within the condominium property regime are created. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 514B-3
  • Property: includes parcels with or without upper or lower boundaries, and spaces that may be filled with air or water. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 514B-3
  • property abandoned: means any and all property, including personal property, items, materials, equipment, fixtures, motor vehicles, or vessels, that has been left unattended on land owned or controlled by the State without authority for a continuous period of more than twenty-four hours. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 171-1
  • Prosecute: To charge someone with a crime. A prosecutor tries a criminal case on behalf of the government.
  • Qualifying contribution: means an aggregate monetary contribution of $100 or less by an individual Hawaii resident during a matching payment period that is received after a candidate files a statement of intent to seek public funds. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 11-302
  • Quorum: The number of legislators that must be present to do business.
  • Railroad: means a carrier of persons or property upon cars operated upon stationary rails. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 291C-1
  • Railroad sign or signal: means any sign, signal, or device erected by authority of a public body or official or by a railroad and intended to give notice of the presence of railroad tracks or the approach of a railroad train. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 291C-1
  • Railroad train: means a steam engine, electric or other motor, with or without cars coupled thereto, operated upon rails. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 291C-1
  • Real property: Land, and all immovable fixtures erected on, growing on, or affixed to the land.
  • recording: means to record in the bureau of conveyances in accordance with chapter 502, or to register in the land court in accordance with chapter 501. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 514B-3
  • Recourse: An arrangement in which a bank retains, in form or in substance, any credit risk directly or indirectly associated with an asset it has sold (in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles) that exceeds a pro rata share of the bank's claim on the asset. If a bank has no claim on an asset it has sold, then the retention of any credit risk is recourse. Source: FDIC
  • Refrigerant recovery and recycling equipment: means a device used to recover and to purify CFCs from a device for later reuse. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 444-1
  • Remainder: An interest in property that takes effect in the future at a specified time or after the occurrence of some event, such as the death of a life tenant.
  • Residence district: means the territory contiguous to and including a highway not comprising a business district when the property on the highway for a distance of three hundred feet or more is in the main improved with residences or residences and buildings in use for business. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 291C-1
  • Resident manager: means any person retained as an employee by the association to manage, on-site, the operation of the property. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 514B-3
  • Revenue: means the moneys collected, including any moneys collected from the State or any department, or any county or board, agency, or instrumentality thereof, from the rates, rentals, fees, and charges prescribed for the use and services of, and the facilities and commodities furnished by, an undertaking or the use and services and benefits of a loan program; provided that the term shall include all insurance premium payments, assessments, surcharges, investment earnings, and all other income of the Hawaii hurricane relief fund. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 39-51
  • Revenue bonds: means all bonds payable solely from and secured by the revenue, or user taxes, or any combination of both, of an undertaking or loan program or any loan made thereunder for which bonds are issued and as otherwise provided in this part; provided that the term shall include all bonds issued by the director of finance under the authority of section 10(a), Act 339, Session Laws of Hawaii 1993, as amended, for the purposes of the hurricane bond loan fund. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 39-51
  • Right of survivorship: The ownership rights that result in the acquisition of title to property by reason of having survived other co-owners.
  • Right-of-way: means the right of one vehicle or pedestrian to proceed in a lawful manner in preference to another vehicle or pedestrian approaching under such circumstances of direction, speed, and proximity as to give rise to danger of collision unless one grants precedence to the other. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 291C-1
  • Roadway: means that portion of a highway improved, designed, or ordinarily used for vehicular travel, exclusive of the berm or shoulder. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 291C-1
  • Safety zone: means the area or space officially set apart within a roadway for the exclusive use of pedestrians and which is protected or is so marked or indicated by adequate signs as to be plainly visible at all times while set apart as a safety zone. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 291C-1
  • Sale: means any arrangement between two or more persons as a result of which there is, or is to be, a transfer of property for a consideration. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 444-1
  • School bus: means every motor vehicle as defined in § 286-181 and any regulations promulgated pursuant thereto by the department of education. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 291C-1
  • Service of process: The service of writs or summonses to the appropriate party.
  • Settlement: Parties to a lawsuit resolve their difference without having a trial. Settlements often involve the payment of compensation by one party in satisfaction of the other party's claims.
  • Sidewalk: means that portion of a street between the curb lines, or the lateral lines of a roadway, and the adjacent property lines, intended for use of pedestrians. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 291C-1
  • Special election: means any election other than a primary or general election. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 11-302
  • standing: means the halting of a vehicle, whether occupied or not, otherwise than temporarily for the purpose of and while actually engaged in receiving or discharging passengers. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 291C-1
  • State historic preservation officer: means that officer appointed by the governor as provided in § 6E-5. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 6E-2
  • Statute: A law passed by a legislature.
  • Statute of limitations: A law that sets the time within which parties must take action to enforce their rights.
  • Street: means the entire width between boundary lines of every way publicly maintained when any part thereof is open to the use of the public for purposes of vehicular travel. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 291C-1
  • Student: means a person who enrolls in or seeks to enroll in a course of instruction offered or conducted by an unaccredited institution. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 446E-1
  • Subpoena: A command to a witness to appear and give testimony.
  • Summons: Another word for subpoena used by the criminal justice system.
  • System: means an organized plan or arrangement under which one or more undertakings are operated or implemented as a harmonious whole. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 39-51
  • Testate: To die leaving a will.
  • Testator: A male person who leaves a will at death.
  • Testify: Answer questions in court.
  • Testimony: Evidence presented orally by witnesses during trials or before grand juries.
  • Through highway: means every highway or portion thereof on which vehicular traffic is given preferential right-of-way, and at the entrances to which vehicular traffic from intersecting highways is required by law to yield the right-of-way to vehicles on such through highway in obedience to a stop sign, yield sign, or other official traffic-control device, when such signs or devices are erected as provided by law. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 291C-1
  • Tort: A civil wrong or breach of a duty to another person, as outlined by law. A very common tort is negligent operation of a motor vehicle that results in property damage and personal injury in an automobile accident.
  • Toy bicycle: means every device propelled solely by human power upon which any person may ride, having two tandem wheels, including any device generally recognized as a bicycle though equipped with two front or two rear wheels, which has a seat height of not more than twenty-five inches from the ground when the seat is adjusted to its highest position; or a scooter or similar device regardless of seat height. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 291C-1
  • Traffic: means pedestrians, ridden or herded animals, vehicles, and other conveyances either singly or together while using any highway for purposes of travel. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 291C-1
  • Traffic-control signal: means any device, whether manually, electrically, or mechanically operated, by which traffic is alternately directed to stop and permitted to proceed. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 291C-1
  • Treasurer: means a person appointed under § 11-324 and unless expressly indicated otherwise, includes deputy treasurers. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 11-302
  • Trial: A hearing that takes place when the defendant pleads "not guilty" and witnesses are required to come to court to give evidence.
  • Trustee: A person or institution holding and administering property in trust.
  • Trustee: includes an original, additional, or successor trustee, whether or not appointed or confirmed by a court. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 557A-102
  • Unaccredited institution: means a degree granting institution that is not accredited or a candidate for accreditation by at least one nationally recognized accrediting agency that is listed by the United States Secretary of Education. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 446E-1
  • Undertaking: means any public works and properties, improvement, or system, tangible or intangible, owned or operated by the State or a department thereof, and any public activity, policy, or program undertaken by the State or a department thereof, and from which the State or department may derive revenues, or with respect to which the State or department may derive user taxes. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 39-51
  • Unit: means a physical or spatial portion of the condominium designated for separate ownership or occupancy, the boundaries of which are described in the declaration or pursuant to § 514B-35, with an exit to a public road or to a common element leading to a public road. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 514B-3
  • Unit owner: means the person owning, or the persons owning jointly or in common, a unit and its appurtenant common interest; provided that to such extent and for such purposes as provided by recorded lease, including the exercise of voting rights, a lessee of a unit shall be deemed to be the unit owner. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 514B-3
  • User fees: Fees charged to users of goods or services provided by the government. In levying or authorizing these fees, the legislature determines whether the revenue should go into the treasury or should be available to the agency providing the goods or services.
  • User taxes: means taxes on goods or services or on the consumption thereof, the receipts of which are substantially derived from the consumption, use, or sale of goods and services in the utilization of the functions or services furnished by the undertaking. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 39-51
  • Vehicle: means every device in, upon, or by which any person or property is or may be transported or drawn upon a roadway or highway, including mopeds and bicycles, but excluding toy bicycles, devices other than bicycles moved by human power, and devices used exclusively upon stationary rails or tracks. See Hawaii Revised Statutes 291C-1
  • Venue: The geographical location in which a case is tried.
  • Verdict: The decision of a petit jury or a judge.