Idaho Code > Title 1 > Chapter 16 – Miscellaneous Provisions
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Terms Used In Idaho Code > Title 1 > Chapter 16 - Miscellaneous Provisions
- Account: means any deposit or credit account with a bank, including a demand, time, savings, passbook, share draft, or like account, other than an account evidenced by a certificate of deposit;
Idaho Code 28-4-104Adjourn: A motion to adjourn a legislative chamber or a committee, if passed, ends that day's session. Affidavit: A written statement of facts confirmed by the oath of the party making it, before a notary or officer having authority to administer oaths. Afternoon: means the period of a day between noon and midnight;
Idaho Code 28-4-104Allegation: something that someone says happened. Amendment: A proposal to alter the text of a pending bill or other measure by striking out some of it, by inserting new language, or both. Before an amendment becomes part of the measure, thelegislature must agree to it. Annuity: A periodic (usually annual) payment of a fixed sum of money for either the life of the recipient or for a fixed number of years. A series of payments under a contract from an insurance company, a trust company, or an individual. Annuity payments are made at regular intervals over a period of more than one full year. Answer: The formal written statement by a defendant responding to a civil complaint and setting forth the grounds for defense. Appeal: A request made after a trial, asking another court (usually the court of appeals) to decide whether the trial was conducted properly. To make such a request is "to appeal" or "to take an appeal." One who appeals is called the appellant. Appellate: About appeals; an appellate court has the power to review the judgement of another lower court or tribunal. Appraisal: A determination of property value. Appropriation: The provision of funds, through an annual appropriations act or a permanent law, for federal agencies to make payments out of the Treasury for specified purposes. The formal federal spending process consists of two sequential steps: authorization Arrest: Taking physical custody of a person by lawful authority. Assets: (1) The property comprising the estate of a deceased person, or (2) the property in a trust account. Assisted reproduction: means the laboratory and medical procedures used by a medical professional in which human gametes are used outside the body for reproductive purposes. See Idaho Code 7-1603 Attachment: A procedure by which a person's property is seized to pay judgments levied by the court. Bail: Security given for the release of a criminal defendant or witness from legal custody (usually in the form of money) to secure his/her appearance on the day and time appointed. Bailee: means a person that by a warehouse receipt, bill of lading, or other document of title acknowledges possession of goods and contracts to deliver them. See Idaho Code 28-7-102 Banking day: means the part of a day on which a bank is open to the public for carrying on substantially all of its banking functions;
Idaho Code 28-4-104Bankruptcy: Refers to statutes and judicial proceedings involving persons or businesses that cannot pay their debts and seek the assistance of the court in getting a fresh start. Under the protection of the bankruptcy court, debtors may discharge their debts, perhaps by paying a portion of each debt. Bankruptcy judges preside over these proceedings. Beneficiary: A person who is entitled to receive the benefits or proceeds of a will, trust, insurance policy, retirement plan, annuity, or other contract. Source: OCC Bequest: Property gifted by will. Buyer: means a person who buys or contracts to buy goods. See Idaho Code 28-2-103 Carrier: means a person that issues a bill of lading. See Idaho Code 28-7-102 Child support: means a legally enforceable obligation assessed against an individual for the support of a child which shall include medical care, including health insurance premiums for the child, and any amount owing under an order for support during a period in which public assistance was expended. See Idaho Code 7-1202 Clearing house: means an association of banks or other payors regularly clearing items;
Idaho Code 28-4-104Complaint: A written statement by the plaintiff stating the wrongs allegedly committed by the defendant. Consignee: means a person named in a bill of lading to which or to whose order the bill promises delivery. See Idaho Code 28-7-102 Consignor: means a person named in a bill of lading as the person from which the goods have been received for shipment. See Idaho Code 28-7-102 Continuance: Putting off of a hearing ot trial until a later time. Contract: A legal written agreement that becomes binding when signed. Contract for sale: includes both a present sale of goods and a contract to sell goods at a future time. See Idaho Code 28-2-106 Conviction: A judgement of guilt against a criminal defendant. Corporation: A legal entity owned by the holders of shares of stock that have been issued, and that can own, receive, and transfer property, and carry on business in its own name. Customer: means any person having an account with a bank or for whom a bank has agreed to collect items, including a bank that maintains an account at another bank;
Idaho Code 28-4-104Damages: Money paid by defendants to successful plaintiffs in civil cases to compensate the plaintiffs for their injuries. Decedent: A deceased person. Deed: The legal instrument used to transfer title in real property from one person to another. Defendant: In a civil suit, the person complained against; in a criminal case, the person accused of the crime. Delinquency: means unpaid support for a minor child or spouse which has accrued under an order. See Idaho Code 7-1202 Delivery order: means a record that contains an order to deliver goods directed to a warehouse, carrier, or other person that in the ordinary course of business issues warehouse receipts or bills of lading. See Idaho Code 28-7-102 Department: means the department of health and welfare. See Idaho Code 7-1202 Dependent: A person dependent for support upon another. Deposition: An oral statement made before an officer authorized by law to administer oaths. Such statements are often taken to examine potential witnesses, to obtain discovery, or to be used later in trial. Devise: To gift property by will. Discovery: Lawyers' examination, before trial, of facts and documents in possession of the opponents to help the lawyers prepare for trial. Dismissal: The dropping of a case by the judge without further consideration or hearing. Source: Documentary draft: means a draft to be presented for acceptance or payment if specified documents, certificated securities (section 28-8-102) or instructions for uncertificated securities (section 28-8-102), or other certificates, statements, or the like are to be received by the drawee or other payor before acceptance or payment of the draft;
Idaho Code 28-4-104Donee: The recipient of a gift. Donor: The person who makes a gift. Draft: means a draft as defined in section 28-3-104 or an item, other than an instrument, that is an order;
Idaho Code 28-4-104Drawee: means a person ordered in a draft to make payment;
Idaho Code 28-4-104Entitlement: A Federal program or provision of law that requires payments to any person or unit of government that meets the eligibility criteria established by law. Entitlements constitute a binding obligation on the part of the Federal Government, and eligible recipients have legal recourse if the obligation is not fulfilled. Social Security and veterans' compensation and pensions are examples of entitlement programs. Equitable: Pertaining to civil suits in "equity" rather than in "law." In English legal history, the courts of "law" could order the payment of damages and could afford no other remedy. See damages. A separate court of "equity" could order someone to do something or to cease to do something. See, e.g., injunction. In American jurisprudence, the federal courts have both legal and equitable power, but the distinction is still an important one. For example, a trial by jury is normally available in "law" cases but not in "equity" cases. Source: U.S. Courts Escrow: Money given to a third party to be held for payment until certain conditions are met. Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other. Executor: A male person named in a will to carry out the decedent Extradition: The formal process of delivering an accused or convicted person from authorities in one state to authorities in another state. Federal Reserve System: The central bank of the United States. The Fed, as it is commonly called, regulates the U.S. monetary and financial system. The Federal Reserve System is composed of a central governmental agency in Washington, D.C. (the Board of Governors) and twelve regional Federal Reserve Banks in major cities throughout the United States. Source: OCC Fee simple: Absolute title to property with no limitations or restrictions regarding the person who may inherit it. Fiduciary: A trustee, executor, or administrator. Fiscal year: The fiscal year is the accounting period for the government. For the federal government, this begins on October 1 and ends on September 30. The fiscal year is designated by the calendar year in which it ends; for example, fiscal year 2006 begins on October 1, 2005 and ends on September 30, 2006. Foreclosure: A legal process in which property that is collateral or security for a loan may be sold to help repay the loan when the loan is in default. Source: OCC Forgery: The fraudulent signing or alteration of another's name to an instrument such as a deed, mortgage, or check. The intent of the forgery is to deceive or defraud. Source: OCC Fraud: Intentional deception resulting in injury to another. Gamete: means a mature male or female germ cell usually possessing a haploid chromosome set and capable of initiating formation of a new diploid individual by fusion with a gamete of the opposite sex. See Idaho Code 7-1603 Garnishment: Generally, garnishment is a court proceeding in which a creditor asks a court to order a third party who owes money to the debtor or otherwise holds assets belonging to the debtor to turn over to the creditor any of the debtor Genetic testing: means an analysis of genetic markers to exclude or identify a person as the parent of a child, including an analysis of one (1) or a combination of the following:
Idaho Code 7-1603Gestational agreement: means a contract under which a gestational carrier agrees to become pregnant by means of assisted reproduction in order to give birth to a child who will be parented by an intended parent. See Idaho Code 7-1603 Gestational carrier: means an adult woman who:
Idaho Code 7-1603Gift: A voluntary transfer or conveyance of property without consideration, or for less than full and adequate consideration based on fair market value. Good faith: means honesty in fact and the observance of reasonable commercial standards of fair dealing. See Idaho Code 28-7-102 Goods: means all things that are treated as movable for the purposes of a contract for storage or transportation. See Idaho Code 28-7-102 Guarantor: A party who agrees to be responsible for the payment of another party's debts should that party default. Source: OCC Guardian: A person legally empowered and charged with the duty of taking care of and managing the property of another person who because of age, intellect, or health, is incapable of managing his (her) own affairs. Hearsay: Statements by a witness who did not see or hear the incident in question but heard about it from someone else. Hearsay is usually not admissible as evidence in court. Income: means any form of payment to an individual, regardless of source, including, but not limited to, wages, salary, commission, compensation as an independent contractor, worker’s compensation, disability, veteran’s annuity and retirement benefits, and any other payments made by any person, private entity, federal or state government, any unit of local government, school district or any entity created by a public act. See Idaho Code 7-1202 Injunction: An order of the court prohibiting (or compelling) the performance of a specific act to prevent irreparable damage or injury. Intended parent: means an individual who intends to be the parent of a child born under the terms of a gestational agreement. See Idaho Code 7-1603 Interrogatories: Written questions asked by one party of an opposing party, who must answer them in writing under oath; a discovery device in a lawsuit. Intestate: Dying without leaving a will. Issuer: means a bailee that issues a document of title or, in the case of an unaccepted delivery order, the person that orders the possessor of goods to deliver. See Idaho Code 28-7-102 Item: means an instrument or a promise or order to pay money handled by a bank for collection or payment. See Idaho Code 28-4-104 Jurisdiction: (1) The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a case. Concurrent jurisdiction exists when two courts have simultaneous responsibility for the same case. (2) The geographic area over which the court has authority to decide cases. Lawsuit: A legal action started by a plaintiff against a defendant based on a complaint that the defendant failed to perform a legal duty, resulting in harm to the plaintiff. Lease: A contract transferring the use of property or occupancy of land, space, structures, or equipment in consideration of a payment (e.g., rent). Source: OCC Legacy: A gift of property made by will. Legislative session: That part of a chamber's daily session in which it considers legislative business (bills, resolutions, and actions related thereto). Liabilities: The aggregate of all debts and other legal obligations of a particular person or legal entity. Lien: A claim against real or personal property in satisfaction of a debt. Litigation: A case, controversy, or lawsuit. Participants (plaintiffs and defendants) in lawsuits are called litigants. Magistrate judges: Judicial officers who assist U.S. district judges in getting cases ready for trial, who may decide some criminal and civil trials when both parties agree to have the case heard by a magistrate judge instead of a judge. Month: means a calendar month, unless otherwise expressed. See Idaho Code 73-114 Oath: A promise to tell the truth. Obligation: An order placed, contract awarded, service received, or similar transaction during a given period that will require payments during the same or a future period. Obligee: means any person, state agency or bureau entitled by order to receive child support payments or child and spousal support payments. See Idaho Code 7-1202 Obligor: means any person obligated by order to pay child or spousal support. See Idaho Code 7-1202 Order: means a judgment, decree, order, or administrative ruling directing a person or persons to pay money for support of a minor child or a spouse. See Idaho Code 7-1202 Order of parentage: means an order issued by a court or administrative body with authority to issue the order, which order identifies the legal parent or parents of a child born under the terms of a gestational agreement. See Idaho Code 7-1603 Partnership: A voluntary contract between two or more persons to pool some or all of their assets into a business, with the agreement that there will be a proportional sharing of profits and losses. person: includes a corporation as well as a natural person;
Idaho Code 73-114Plaintiff: The person who files the complaint in a civil lawsuit. Pleadings: Written statements of the parties in a civil case of their positions. In the federal courts, the principal pleadings are the complaint and the answer. Power of attorney: A written instrument which authorizes one person to act as another's agent or attorney. The power of attorney may be for a definite, specific act, or it may be general in nature. The terms of the written power of attorney may specify when it will expire. If not, the power of attorney usually expires when the person granting it dies. Source: OCC Probate: Proving a will Property: includes both real and personal property. See Idaho Code 73-114 Prosecute: To charge someone with a crime. A prosecutor tries a criminal case on behalf of the government. Public law: A public bill or joint resolution that has passed both chambers and been enacted into law. Public laws have general applicability nationwide. Real property: Land, and all immovable fixtures erected on, growing on, or affixed to the land. Record: means information that is inscribed on a tangible medium or that is stored in an electronic or other medium and is retrievable in perceivable form. See Idaho Code 15-2-1102 Record: means information that is inscribed on a tangible medium or that is stored in an electronic or other medium and is retrievable in perceivable form. See Idaho Code 28-7-102 Recourse: An arrangement in which a bank retains, in form or in substance, any credit risk directly or indirectly associated with an asset it has sold (in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles) that exceeds a pro rata share of the bank's claim on the asset. If a bank has no claim on an asset it has sold, then the retention of any credit risk is recourse. Source: FDIC Registered mail: includes certified mail. See Idaho Code 73-114 Remainder: An interest in property that takes effect in the future at a specified time or after the occurrence of some event, such as the death of a life tenant. Rescission: The cancellation of budget authority previously provided by Congress. The Impoundment Control Act of 1974 specifies that the President may propose to Congress that funds be rescinded. If both Houses have not approved a rescission proposal (by passing legislation) within 45 days of continuous session, any funds being withheld must be made available for obligation. Restitution: The court-ordered payment of money by the defendant to the victim for damages caused by the criminal action. seal: includes an impression of such seal upon the paper, alone, as well as upon wax or a wafer affixed thereto; or, alternatively, the seal may be the mark of a rubber stamp providing substantially the same information as the impression. See Idaho Code 73-111 Seller: means a person who sells or contracts to sell goods. See Idaho Code 28-2-103 Service of process: The service of writs or summonses to the appropriate party. Settlement: Parties to a lawsuit resolve their difference without having a trial. Settlements often involve the payment of compensation by one party in satisfaction of the other party's claims. Shipper: means a person that enters into a contract of transportation with a carrier. See Idaho Code 28-7-102 State: means a state of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, or any territory or insular possession subject to the jurisdiction of the United States. See Idaho Code 15-2-1102 State: when applied to the different parts of the United States, includes the District of Columbia and the territories; and the words "United States" may include the District of Columbia and territories. See Idaho Code 73-114 Statute: A law passed by a legislature. Statute of limitations: A law that sets the time within which parties must take action to enforce their rights. Subpoena: A command to a witness to appear and give testimony. Summons: Another word for subpoena used by the criminal justice system. Testate: To die leaving a will. Testator: A male person who leaves a will at death. Testify: Answer questions in court. Testimony: Evidence presented orally by witnesses during trials or before grand juries. Tort: A civil wrong or breach of a duty to another person, as outlined by law. A very common tort is negligent operation of a motor vehicle that results in property damage and personal injury in an automobile accident. Transcript: A written, word-for-word record of what was said, either in a proceeding such as a trial or during some other conversation, as in a transcript of a hearing or oral deposition. Trial: A hearing that takes place when the defendant pleads "not guilty" and witnesses are required to come to court to give evidence. Trustee: A person or institution holding and administering property in trust. Uniform Commercial Code: A set of statutes enacted by the various states to provide consistency among the states' commercial laws. It includes negotiable instruments, sales, stock transfers, trust and warehouse receipts, and bills of lading. Source: OCC Variable Rate: Having a "variable" rate means that the APR changes from time to time based on fluctuations in an external rate, normally the Prime Rate. This external rate is known as the "index." If the index changes, the variable rate normally changes. Also see Fixed Rate. Verdict: The decision of a petit jury or a judge. Warehouse: means a person engaged in the business of storing goods for hire. See Idaho Code 28-7-102 Will: includes a codicil and any testamentary instrument that merely appoints an executor, revokes or revises another will, nominates a guardian, or expressly excludes or limits the right of an individual or class to succeed to property of the decedent passing by intestate succession. See Idaho Code 15-2-1102