Kentucky Statutes 190.070 – Prohibited practices on the part of a manufacturer, distributor, factory branch, or factory representative
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(1) It shall be a violation of this section for any manufacturer, distributor, factory branch, or factory representative licensed under this chapter, either directly or indirectly, to require any new motor vehicle dealer in the Commonwealth:
(a) To order or accept delivery of any motor vehicle, part or accessory thereof, appliances, equipment, or any other product not required by law, which shall not have been voluntarily ordered by the new motor vehicle dealer; except that this section is not intended to modify or supersede any terms or provisions of the franchise requiring new motor vehicle dealers to market a representative line of those motor vehicles which the manufacturer or distributor is publicly advertising;
(b) To order or accept delivery of any new motor vehicle with special features, appliances, accessories, or equipment not included in the list price of the motor vehicle, as publicly advertised by the manufacturer or distributor;
(c) To order for any person any parts, accessories, equipment, machinery tools, appliance, or any commodity whatsoever not required in connection with a recall campaign;
(d) To participate monetarily in an advertising campaign or contest, any promotional materials, training materials, showroom or other display decorations, or materials, at the expense of the dealer, without the consent of the dealer;
(e) To enter into any agreement with the manufacturer, distributor, factory branch, or factory representative, or to do any other act prejudicial to the new motor vehicle dealer by threatening to cancel a franchise or any contractual agreement existing between the dealer and the manufacturer, distributor, factory branch, or factory representative. Notice in good faith to any dealer of the dealer’s violation of any terms or provisions of the dealer’s franchise, or contractual agreement shall not constitute a violation of this law;
(f) To change the capital structure of the dealership, or the means by or through which the dealer finances the operation of the dealership, provided that the dealership at all times meets any reasonable capital standards agreed to by the dealer, excluding any entity engaged primarily in providing financing or insurance on motor vehicles;
(g) To refrain from participation in the management or investment in, or the acquisition of any other line of new motor vehicle or related products; provided, however, that this section does not apply unless the new motor vehicle dealer maintains a reasonable line of credit for each make or line of new motor vehicles, and that the new motor vehicle dealer remains in substantial compliance with the terms and conditions of the franchise and with any reasonable facility requirements of the manufacturer, and no change is made in the principal management of the new motor vehicle dealership;
(h) To change the location of the dealership or, during the course of the agreement, make any substantial alterations to the same components of the
dealership premises:
1. Within ten (10) years of a previously required improvement, alteration, or construction to those same components; or
2. When to do so, would be unreasonable in light of the current economic, political, and social considerations;
(i) To prospectively assent to a release, assignment, novation, waiver, or estoppel which would relieve any person from liability to be imposed by this law, or to require any controversy between a dealer and a manufacturer, distributor, or representative, to be referred to any person other than the duly constituted courts of the Commonwealth or the United States of America, or to the commissioner, if the referral would be binding upon the dealer;
(j) To establish or maintain exclusive facilities, personnel, display space, or signage for a new motor vehicle make or line; or
(k) To expand facilities without making available a sufficient supply of new motor vehicles to support the expansion in light of the market and economic conditions.
(2) It shall be a violation of this section for any manufacturer, distributor, factory branch, or factory representative, either directly or indirectly:
(a) To delay, refuse, or fail to deliver motor vehicles, or vehicle parts or accessories in reasonable quantities relative to the new motor vehicle dealer’s facilities and sales potential in the new motor vehicle dealer’s relevant market area, and within a reasonable time, but in any case no more than sixty (60) days, after receipt of an order from a dealer having a franchise for the retail sale of any new vehicle sold or distributed by the manufacturer or distributor, any new vehicle, parts, or accessories to new vehicles as are covered by the franchise, if the vehicle, parts, or accessories are publicly advertised as being available for delivery or actually being delivered. The delivery to another dealer of a motor vehicle of the same model and identically equipped as the vehicle ordered by a motor vehicle dealer who has not received delivery thereof, but who had placed his or her written order for the vehicle prior to the order of the dealer receiving the vehicle, shall be prima facie evidence of a delayed delivery of, or refusal to deliver, a new motor vehicle to a motor vehicle dealer within sixty (60) days, without cause. This section is not violated, however, if the failure is caused by acts or causes beyond the control of the manufacturer, distributor, factory branch, or factory representative;
(b) To refuse to disclose to any new motor vehicle dealer, handling the same line make, the manner and mode of distribution of that line make within the relevant market areas;
(c) To prevent or attempt to prevent a dealer from receiving fair and reasonable compensation for the value of the franchised business. There shall not be a transfer or assignment of the dealer’s franchise without the consent of the manufacturer or distributor, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld;
(d) To receive money, goods, services, or any other benefit from any vendor on
account of a transaction between the dealer and the vendor with whom the dealer does business on the recommendation or requirement of the manufacturer or distributor, other than for compensation for services rendered, unless the benefit is promptly accounted for, and transmitted to the dealer, excluding any entity engaged primarily in providing financing or insurance on motor vehicles;
(e) To increase prices of motor vehicles which the dealer had ordered for private retail customers prior to the dealer’s receipt of the written official price increase notification, a sales contract signed by a private retail consumer shall constitute evidence of each order, provided that the vehicle is in fact delivered to the customer. In the event of manufacturer price reductions, the amount of a reduction received by a dealer shall be passed on to the private retail consumer by the dealer, if the retail price was negotiated on the basis of the previous higher price to the dealer. Price reductions shall apply to all vehicles in the dealer’s inventory which were subject to the price reduction. Price differences applicable to new model or series motor vehicles at the time of the introduction of new models or series shall not be considered a price increase or price decrease. Price changes caused by the following shall not be subject to the provisions of this section:
1. The addition to a motor vehicle of required or optional equipment pursuant to state or federal law;
2. Revaluation of the United States dollar, in the case of foreign-make vehicles or components; or
3. Increased transportation charges due to an increase in the rate charged by common carrier or transporter;
(f) To offer any refunds or other types of inducements to any person for the purchase of new motor vehicles of a certain line make to be sold to the state or any political subdivision thereof, without making the same offer, upon written request, to all other dealers in the same line make within the relevant market area;
(g) To release to any outside party, except under subpoena, any administrative, judicial or arbitration proceedings, or any business, financial, or personal information which may be, from time to time, provided by the dealer to the manufacturer, without the express written consent of the dealer;
(h) To deny any dealer the right of free association with any other dealer for any lawful purpose;
(i) To establish or maintain a relationship, on the part of a manufacturer, distributor, factory branch, or factory representative, where the voting rights exceed a simple majority;
(j) To own, operate, or control any motor vehicle dealership in the
Commonwealth; however, this subsection shall not prohibit:
1. The operation by any manufacturer of a dealership for a temporary period, not to exceed one (1) year, during the transition from one (1) owner to another;
2. The ownership or control of a dealership by a manufacturer while the dealership is being sold under a bona fide contract or purchase option to the operator of the dealership; or
3. The ownership, operation, or control of a dealership by a manufacturer if the licensor determines after a hearing at the request of any party, that there is not a dealer who is independent of the manufacturer available in the community or trade area to own and operate the franchise in a manner consistent with the public interest;
(k) To compete without good faith with a new motor vehicle dealer in the same line make, operating under an agreement or franchise from the aforementioned manufacturer, distributor, factory branch, or factory representative in the relevant market area. A manufacturer, distributor, factory branch, or factory representative shall not, however, be deemed to be competing when operating a dealership, either temporarily for a reasonable period, not to exceed one (1) year, or in a bona fide retail operation which is for sale to any qualified independent person at a fair and reasonable price, or in a bona fide relationship in which an independent person has made a significant investment, subject to loss in the dealership, and can reasonably expect to acquire full ownership of such dealership on reasonable terms and conditions;
(l) To offer to sell or to sell, directly or indirectly, at retail, any new motor vehicle to a consumer in the Commonwealth, except through a new motor vehicle dealer holding a franchise for the line make covering the new motor vehicle. The prohibition in this paragraph shall not apply to manufacturer or franchisor sales of new motor vehicles to the federal government, charitable organizations, or fleet customers, but shall apply to any sale of a new motor vehicle to employees of the manufacturer or franchisor;
(m) To fail to assign any retail vehicle reservation, request to purchase, or lease received by the manufacturer from a resident of the Commonwealth to the franchised dealer designated by the customer or, if no designation is made, to the franchised dealer in the closest proximity to the consumer, and for which the franchised dealer is otherwise in compliance with the franchise agreement and authorized to sell the make and model based on applicable standards and requirements that include but are not limited to any facility, technology, or training requirements necessary to sell or service the vehicle, so long as the standards and requirements are compliant with the applicable laws and regulations. Nothing in this paragraph shall require a manufacturer or distributer to allocate or supply additional or supplemental inventory to a franchised dealer located in the Commonwealth in order to satisfy a retail consumer’s reservation or request;
(n) To unfairly discriminate among its new motor vehicle dealers with respect to warranty reimbursement or authority granted its new motor vehicle dealers to make warranty adjustment with retail customers;
(o) To fail to give consent to the sale, transfer, or exchange of the franchise to a qualified buyer capable of being licensed as a new motor vehicle dealer in this
state; provided that consent may be withheld when in light of other circumstances, granting the consent would be unreasonable; or
(p) To fail to be licensed as provided in this chapter, and to maintain a bond in an amount as determined by this chapter.
(3) It shall be unlawful for a manufacturer, either directly or indirectly, or in combination with or through any subsidiary or affiliated entity, to discriminate in favor of one (1) dealer against another dealer holding a franchise for the same line make of motor vehicle by furnishing to only one (1) dealer any of the following:
(a) Any vehicle, part, or other product that is not available to each dealer at the same price, including discounts, rebates, incentives, or other payments or allowances affecting the net price of the product;
(b) Any vehicle, part, or other product that is not made available to each dealer in quantities proportionate to the demand for the vehicle, part, or other product;
(c) Any vehicle, part, or other product that is not made available to each dealer on comparable delivery terms, including time of delivery after placement of an order;
(d) Any promotional or advertising payment or allowance that is not made available to each dealer on proportionally equal terms;
(e) Any opportunity to purchase or lease from the manufacturer the dealer’s facility that is not made available to each dealer on terms proportionate to the respective values of its facilities;
(f) Any personnel training that is not made available to each dealer on proportionally equal terms;
(g) Any inventory or other financing that is not made available to each dealer on proportionally equal terms, except that a manufacturer, subsidiary, or affiliated entity shall not be obligated to make available financing to a dealer who does not meet reasonable credit standards uniformly applied by the manufacturer, subsidiary, or affiliated entity;
(h) Any opportunity to perform work for which the dealer is entitled to be compensated under this chapter that is not made available to each dealer under uniformly applied standards;
(i) Any opportunity to sell products or services distributed by the manufacturer for resale in connection with the line make of the motor vehicle covered by the franchise that is not made available to each dealer on proportionally equal terms;
(j) Any opportunity to establish an additional sales, service, or parts outlet that is not made available to each dealer in whose relevant market area the sales, service, or parts outlet will be located;
(k) Any information concerning the manufacturer’s products, prices or other terms of sale, or promotional programs that is not contemporaneously furnished to the dealer;
(l) Any improvement to, or payment to the dealer for an improvement to, the dealer’s facilities that is not made available to each dealer on proportionally
equal terms;
(m) Any opportunity to sell or assign retail installment contracts or consumer leases to the manufacturer or the manufacturer’s sales finance company subsidiary that is not made available to each dealer on proportionally equal terms, except that a manufacturer or sales finance company shall not be obligated to purchase any retail installment contract or consumer lease that does not meet reasonable credit terms uniformly applied by the manufacturer or sales finance company subsidiary;
(n) Any product assistance, service, or facility in connection with the franchise that is not made available to each dealer on proportionally equal terms; or
(o) Any payment for any service or facility in connection with the franchise that is not made available to each dealer on proportionally equal terms.
(4) It shall not be a defense to an alleged violation of subsection (3) of this section, that an item or opportunity was offered to a dealer if the offer was conditioned upon the dealer meeting one (1) or more requirements that are not reasonable and necessary to fulfill the dealer’s obligations under the franchise. The manufacturer shall have the burden of proving that any requirement upon which an offer was conditioned was reasonable and necessary to fulfill the dealer’s obligations under the franchise when the offer was made. A requirement shall not be found to be reasonable and necessary to fulfill the dealer’s obligations under the franchise if the manufacturer cannot prove that it was within the control of each dealer to meet the requirement imposed on the dealer as a condition of the offer.
(5) A dealer who alleges a good-faith belief that the dealer has been, or is being, discriminated against in violation of subsection (3) of this section, may demand in writing that the manufacturer furnish the dealer with pertinent information reasonably necessary for the dealer to determine if discrimination exists. If the manufacturer fails to furnish the dealer with the information demanded within thirty (30) days of the manufacturer’s receipt of the dealer’s written demand, the manufacturer shall have, in any subsequent legal proceeding, the burden of proving that the alleged violation has not occurred.
(6) Any dealer who is discriminated against by a manufacturer in violation of subsection (3) of this section shall recover three (3) times an amount equal to the value of what the dealer would have received if the manufacturer had complied with subsection (3) of this section upon furnishing any item or opportunity to another dealer.
(7) A change in ownership of a manufacturer or distributor that contemplates a continuation of that line make in the state shall not directly or indirectly, through actions of any parent of the manufacturer or distributor, subsidiary of the manufacturer or distributor, or common entity cause a termination, cancellation, or nonrenewal of a dealer agreement by a present or previous manufacturer or distributor of an existing agreement unless the manufacturer or distributor offers the new vehicle dealer an agreement substantially similar to that offered to other dealers of the same line make.
Effective: June 29, 2023
History: Amended 2023 Ky. Acts ch. 7, sec. 5, effective June 29, 2023; and ch. 129,
sec. 6, effective June 29, 2023. — Amended 2008 Ky. Acts ch. 17, sec. 1, effective
July 15, 2008. — Amended 2000 Ky. Acts ch. 23, sec. 6, effective February 22, 2000.
— Amended 1982 Ky. Acts ch. 373, sec. 13, effective July 15, 1982. — Created 1956
Ky. Acts ch. 161, sec. 7, effective May 18, 1956.
Legislative Research Commission Note (6/29/2023). This statute was amended by 2023
Ky. Acts chs. 7 and 129. Where these Acts are not in conflict, they have been codified together. Where a conflict exists, Acts ch. 129, which was last enacted by the General Assembly, prevails under KRS § 446.250.
(a) To order or accept delivery of any motor vehicle, part or accessory thereof, appliances, equipment, or any other product not required by law, which shall not have been voluntarily ordered by the new motor vehicle dealer; except that this section is not intended to modify or supersede any terms or provisions of the franchise requiring new motor vehicle dealers to market a representative line of those motor vehicles which the manufacturer or distributor is publicly advertising;
Terms Used In Kentucky Statutes 190.070
- Commission: means the Motor Vehicle Commission. See Kentucky Statutes 190.010
- Commissioner: means the commissioner of the department. See Kentucky Statutes 190.010
- Company: may extend and be applied to any corporation, company, person, partnership, joint stock company, or association. See Kentucky Statutes 446.010
- Contract: A legal written agreement that becomes binding when signed.
- Distributor: which means any person, firm, association, corporation, or trust, resident or nonresident, who in whole or in part offers for sale, sells, or distributes any new motor vehicle to new motor vehicle dealers, or who maintains factory representatives, or who controls any person, firm, association, corporation, or trust, resident or nonresident, who in whole or in part offers for sale, sells, or distributes any new motor vehicle to new motor vehicle dealers. See Kentucky Statutes 190.010
- Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other.
- Factory branch: which means a branch office maintained by a manufacturer for the purpose of selling, or offering for sale, new motor vehicles to a distributor, wholesaler, or new motor vehicle dealer, or for directing or supervising, in whole or in part, factory or distributor representatives, and shall further include any sales promotion organization, whether the same be a person, firm, or corporation, which is engaged in promoting the sale of new motor vehicles in this state of a particular brand or make to new motor vehicle dealers. See Kentucky Statutes 190.010
- Factory representative: which means a representative employed by a manufacturer, distributor, or factory branch for the purpose of making or promoting for the sale of his or her, its, or their new motor vehicles, or for supervising or contracting with his or her, its, or their dealers, or prospective dealers. See Kentucky Statutes 190.010
- Federal: refers to the United States. See Kentucky Statutes 446.010
- Franchise: means the agreement or contract between any new motor vehicle manufacturer, written or otherwise, and any new motor vehicle dealer that purports to fix the legal rights and liabilities of the parties to an agreement or contract, and pursuant to which the dealer purchases and resells the franchise product, along with any addendums to the franchise agreement. See Kentucky Statutes 190.010
- Good faith: means honesty in fact, and the observance of reasonable commercial standards of fair dealing in the trade, as is defined and interpreted in KRS §. See Kentucky Statutes 190.010
- Lease: A contract transferring the use of property or occupancy of land, space, structures, or equipment in consideration of a payment (e.g., rent). Source: OCC
- Licensor: means the commission. See Kentucky Statutes 190.010
- Manufacturer: means any person, partnership, firm, association, corporation, or trust, resident or nonresident, who manufactures or assembles new motor vehicles, or imports for distribution through distributors of new motor vehicles, or any partnership, firm, association, joint venture, corporation, or trust, resident or nonresident, which is controlled by the manufacturer. See Kentucky Statutes 190.010
- Motor vehicle: means every vehicle intended primarily for use and operation on the public highways that is self-propelled, including low-speed motor vehicles as defined in KRS §. See Kentucky Statutes 190.010
- Motor vehicle dealer: means any person not excluded by subsection (3) of this section, engaged in the business of selling, offering to sell, soliciting, or advertising the same, of new or used motor vehicles, or possessing motor vehicles for the purpose of resale, either on his or her own account, or on behalf of another, either as his or her primary business or incidental thereto. See Kentucky Statutes 190.010
- New motor vehicle: means a vehicle that is in the possession of the manufacturer, distributor, or wholesaler, or has been sold to the holders of a valid sales and service agreement, franchise, or contract, granted by the manufacturer, distributor, or wholesaler for the sale of the make of new vehicle, which is new, and on which the original title has not been issued from the franchised dealer. See Kentucky Statutes 190.010
- New motor vehicle dealer: means a vehicle dealer who holds a valid sales and service agreement, franchise, or contract, granted by the manufacturer, distributor, or wholesaler for the sale of the manufacturer's new motor vehicles. See Kentucky Statutes 190.010
- Owner: when applied to any animal, means any person having a property interest in such animal. See Kentucky Statutes 446.010
- Person: means a person, partnership, firm, corporation, association, trust, estate, or other legal entity. See Kentucky Statutes 190.010
- Sale: means the issuance, transfer, agreement for transfer, exchange, lease, pledge, hypothecation, mortgage in any form, whether by transfer in trust or otherwise, of any motor vehicle or interest in it, or of any franchise related to it, as well as any option, subscription, other contract, or solicitation looking to a sale, offer to attempt to sell in any form, whether spoken or written. See Kentucky Statutes 190.010
- State: when applied to a part of the United States, includes territories, outlying possessions, and the District of Columbia. See Kentucky Statutes 446.010
- Statute: A law passed by a legislature.
- Subpoena: A command to a witness to appear and give testimony.
- Year: means calendar year. See Kentucky Statutes 446.010
(b) To order or accept delivery of any new motor vehicle with special features, appliances, accessories, or equipment not included in the list price of the motor vehicle, as publicly advertised by the manufacturer or distributor;
(c) To order for any person any parts, accessories, equipment, machinery tools, appliance, or any commodity whatsoever not required in connection with a recall campaign;
(d) To participate monetarily in an advertising campaign or contest, any promotional materials, training materials, showroom or other display decorations, or materials, at the expense of the dealer, without the consent of the dealer;
(e) To enter into any agreement with the manufacturer, distributor, factory branch, or factory representative, or to do any other act prejudicial to the new motor vehicle dealer by threatening to cancel a franchise or any contractual agreement existing between the dealer and the manufacturer, distributor, factory branch, or factory representative. Notice in good faith to any dealer of the dealer’s violation of any terms or provisions of the dealer’s franchise, or contractual agreement shall not constitute a violation of this law;
(f) To change the capital structure of the dealership, or the means by or through which the dealer finances the operation of the dealership, provided that the dealership at all times meets any reasonable capital standards agreed to by the dealer, excluding any entity engaged primarily in providing financing or insurance on motor vehicles;
(g) To refrain from participation in the management or investment in, or the acquisition of any other line of new motor vehicle or related products; provided, however, that this section does not apply unless the new motor vehicle dealer maintains a reasonable line of credit for each make or line of new motor vehicles, and that the new motor vehicle dealer remains in substantial compliance with the terms and conditions of the franchise and with any reasonable facility requirements of the manufacturer, and no change is made in the principal management of the new motor vehicle dealership;
(h) To change the location of the dealership or, during the course of the agreement, make any substantial alterations to the same components of the
dealership premises:
1. Within ten (10) years of a previously required improvement, alteration, or construction to those same components; or
2. When to do so, would be unreasonable in light of the current economic, political, and social considerations;
(i) To prospectively assent to a release, assignment, novation, waiver, or estoppel which would relieve any person from liability to be imposed by this law, or to require any controversy between a dealer and a manufacturer, distributor, or representative, to be referred to any person other than the duly constituted courts of the Commonwealth or the United States of America, or to the commissioner, if the referral would be binding upon the dealer;
(j) To establish or maintain exclusive facilities, personnel, display space, or signage for a new motor vehicle make or line; or
(k) To expand facilities without making available a sufficient supply of new motor vehicles to support the expansion in light of the market and economic conditions.
(2) It shall be a violation of this section for any manufacturer, distributor, factory branch, or factory representative, either directly or indirectly:
(a) To delay, refuse, or fail to deliver motor vehicles, or vehicle parts or accessories in reasonable quantities relative to the new motor vehicle dealer’s facilities and sales potential in the new motor vehicle dealer’s relevant market area, and within a reasonable time, but in any case no more than sixty (60) days, after receipt of an order from a dealer having a franchise for the retail sale of any new vehicle sold or distributed by the manufacturer or distributor, any new vehicle, parts, or accessories to new vehicles as are covered by the franchise, if the vehicle, parts, or accessories are publicly advertised as being available for delivery or actually being delivered. The delivery to another dealer of a motor vehicle of the same model and identically equipped as the vehicle ordered by a motor vehicle dealer who has not received delivery thereof, but who had placed his or her written order for the vehicle prior to the order of the dealer receiving the vehicle, shall be prima facie evidence of a delayed delivery of, or refusal to deliver, a new motor vehicle to a motor vehicle dealer within sixty (60) days, without cause. This section is not violated, however, if the failure is caused by acts or causes beyond the control of the manufacturer, distributor, factory branch, or factory representative;
(b) To refuse to disclose to any new motor vehicle dealer, handling the same line make, the manner and mode of distribution of that line make within the relevant market areas;
(c) To prevent or attempt to prevent a dealer from receiving fair and reasonable compensation for the value of the franchised business. There shall not be a transfer or assignment of the dealer’s franchise without the consent of the manufacturer or distributor, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld;
(d) To receive money, goods, services, or any other benefit from any vendor on
account of a transaction between the dealer and the vendor with whom the dealer does business on the recommendation or requirement of the manufacturer or distributor, other than for compensation for services rendered, unless the benefit is promptly accounted for, and transmitted to the dealer, excluding any entity engaged primarily in providing financing or insurance on motor vehicles;
(e) To increase prices of motor vehicles which the dealer had ordered for private retail customers prior to the dealer’s receipt of the written official price increase notification, a sales contract signed by a private retail consumer shall constitute evidence of each order, provided that the vehicle is in fact delivered to the customer. In the event of manufacturer price reductions, the amount of a reduction received by a dealer shall be passed on to the private retail consumer by the dealer, if the retail price was negotiated on the basis of the previous higher price to the dealer. Price reductions shall apply to all vehicles in the dealer’s inventory which were subject to the price reduction. Price differences applicable to new model or series motor vehicles at the time of the introduction of new models or series shall not be considered a price increase or price decrease. Price changes caused by the following shall not be subject to the provisions of this section:
1. The addition to a motor vehicle of required or optional equipment pursuant to state or federal law;
2. Revaluation of the United States dollar, in the case of foreign-make vehicles or components; or
3. Increased transportation charges due to an increase in the rate charged by common carrier or transporter;
(f) To offer any refunds or other types of inducements to any person for the purchase of new motor vehicles of a certain line make to be sold to the state or any political subdivision thereof, without making the same offer, upon written request, to all other dealers in the same line make within the relevant market area;
(g) To release to any outside party, except under subpoena, any administrative, judicial or arbitration proceedings, or any business, financial, or personal information which may be, from time to time, provided by the dealer to the manufacturer, without the express written consent of the dealer;
(h) To deny any dealer the right of free association with any other dealer for any lawful purpose;
(i) To establish or maintain a relationship, on the part of a manufacturer, distributor, factory branch, or factory representative, where the voting rights exceed a simple majority;
(j) To own, operate, or control any motor vehicle dealership in the
Commonwealth; however, this subsection shall not prohibit:
1. The operation by any manufacturer of a dealership for a temporary period, not to exceed one (1) year, during the transition from one (1) owner to another;
2. The ownership or control of a dealership by a manufacturer while the dealership is being sold under a bona fide contract or purchase option to the operator of the dealership; or
3. The ownership, operation, or control of a dealership by a manufacturer if the licensor determines after a hearing at the request of any party, that there is not a dealer who is independent of the manufacturer available in the community or trade area to own and operate the franchise in a manner consistent with the public interest;
(k) To compete without good faith with a new motor vehicle dealer in the same line make, operating under an agreement or franchise from the aforementioned manufacturer, distributor, factory branch, or factory representative in the relevant market area. A manufacturer, distributor, factory branch, or factory representative shall not, however, be deemed to be competing when operating a dealership, either temporarily for a reasonable period, not to exceed one (1) year, or in a bona fide retail operation which is for sale to any qualified independent person at a fair and reasonable price, or in a bona fide relationship in which an independent person has made a significant investment, subject to loss in the dealership, and can reasonably expect to acquire full ownership of such dealership on reasonable terms and conditions;
(l) To offer to sell or to sell, directly or indirectly, at retail, any new motor vehicle to a consumer in the Commonwealth, except through a new motor vehicle dealer holding a franchise for the line make covering the new motor vehicle. The prohibition in this paragraph shall not apply to manufacturer or franchisor sales of new motor vehicles to the federal government, charitable organizations, or fleet customers, but shall apply to any sale of a new motor vehicle to employees of the manufacturer or franchisor;
(m) To fail to assign any retail vehicle reservation, request to purchase, or lease received by the manufacturer from a resident of the Commonwealth to the franchised dealer designated by the customer or, if no designation is made, to the franchised dealer in the closest proximity to the consumer, and for which the franchised dealer is otherwise in compliance with the franchise agreement and authorized to sell the make and model based on applicable standards and requirements that include but are not limited to any facility, technology, or training requirements necessary to sell or service the vehicle, so long as the standards and requirements are compliant with the applicable laws and regulations. Nothing in this paragraph shall require a manufacturer or distributer to allocate or supply additional or supplemental inventory to a franchised dealer located in the Commonwealth in order to satisfy a retail consumer’s reservation or request;
(n) To unfairly discriminate among its new motor vehicle dealers with respect to warranty reimbursement or authority granted its new motor vehicle dealers to make warranty adjustment with retail customers;
(o) To fail to give consent to the sale, transfer, or exchange of the franchise to a qualified buyer capable of being licensed as a new motor vehicle dealer in this
state; provided that consent may be withheld when in light of other circumstances, granting the consent would be unreasonable; or
(p) To fail to be licensed as provided in this chapter, and to maintain a bond in an amount as determined by this chapter.
(3) It shall be unlawful for a manufacturer, either directly or indirectly, or in combination with or through any subsidiary or affiliated entity, to discriminate in favor of one (1) dealer against another dealer holding a franchise for the same line make of motor vehicle by furnishing to only one (1) dealer any of the following:
(a) Any vehicle, part, or other product that is not available to each dealer at the same price, including discounts, rebates, incentives, or other payments or allowances affecting the net price of the product;
(b) Any vehicle, part, or other product that is not made available to each dealer in quantities proportionate to the demand for the vehicle, part, or other product;
(c) Any vehicle, part, or other product that is not made available to each dealer on comparable delivery terms, including time of delivery after placement of an order;
(d) Any promotional or advertising payment or allowance that is not made available to each dealer on proportionally equal terms;
(e) Any opportunity to purchase or lease from the manufacturer the dealer’s facility that is not made available to each dealer on terms proportionate to the respective values of its facilities;
(f) Any personnel training that is not made available to each dealer on proportionally equal terms;
(g) Any inventory or other financing that is not made available to each dealer on proportionally equal terms, except that a manufacturer, subsidiary, or affiliated entity shall not be obligated to make available financing to a dealer who does not meet reasonable credit standards uniformly applied by the manufacturer, subsidiary, or affiliated entity;
(h) Any opportunity to perform work for which the dealer is entitled to be compensated under this chapter that is not made available to each dealer under uniformly applied standards;
(i) Any opportunity to sell products or services distributed by the manufacturer for resale in connection with the line make of the motor vehicle covered by the franchise that is not made available to each dealer on proportionally equal terms;
(j) Any opportunity to establish an additional sales, service, or parts outlet that is not made available to each dealer in whose relevant market area the sales, service, or parts outlet will be located;
(k) Any information concerning the manufacturer’s products, prices or other terms of sale, or promotional programs that is not contemporaneously furnished to the dealer;
(l) Any improvement to, or payment to the dealer for an improvement to, the dealer’s facilities that is not made available to each dealer on proportionally
equal terms;
(m) Any opportunity to sell or assign retail installment contracts or consumer leases to the manufacturer or the manufacturer’s sales finance company subsidiary that is not made available to each dealer on proportionally equal terms, except that a manufacturer or sales finance company shall not be obligated to purchase any retail installment contract or consumer lease that does not meet reasonable credit terms uniformly applied by the manufacturer or sales finance company subsidiary;
(n) Any product assistance, service, or facility in connection with the franchise that is not made available to each dealer on proportionally equal terms; or
(o) Any payment for any service or facility in connection with the franchise that is not made available to each dealer on proportionally equal terms.
(4) It shall not be a defense to an alleged violation of subsection (3) of this section, that an item or opportunity was offered to a dealer if the offer was conditioned upon the dealer meeting one (1) or more requirements that are not reasonable and necessary to fulfill the dealer’s obligations under the franchise. The manufacturer shall have the burden of proving that any requirement upon which an offer was conditioned was reasonable and necessary to fulfill the dealer’s obligations under the franchise when the offer was made. A requirement shall not be found to be reasonable and necessary to fulfill the dealer’s obligations under the franchise if the manufacturer cannot prove that it was within the control of each dealer to meet the requirement imposed on the dealer as a condition of the offer.
(5) A dealer who alleges a good-faith belief that the dealer has been, or is being, discriminated against in violation of subsection (3) of this section, may demand in writing that the manufacturer furnish the dealer with pertinent information reasonably necessary for the dealer to determine if discrimination exists. If the manufacturer fails to furnish the dealer with the information demanded within thirty (30) days of the manufacturer’s receipt of the dealer’s written demand, the manufacturer shall have, in any subsequent legal proceeding, the burden of proving that the alleged violation has not occurred.
(6) Any dealer who is discriminated against by a manufacturer in violation of subsection (3) of this section shall recover three (3) times an amount equal to the value of what the dealer would have received if the manufacturer had complied with subsection (3) of this section upon furnishing any item or opportunity to another dealer.
(7) A change in ownership of a manufacturer or distributor that contemplates a continuation of that line make in the state shall not directly or indirectly, through actions of any parent of the manufacturer or distributor, subsidiary of the manufacturer or distributor, or common entity cause a termination, cancellation, or nonrenewal of a dealer agreement by a present or previous manufacturer or distributor of an existing agreement unless the manufacturer or distributor offers the new vehicle dealer an agreement substantially similar to that offered to other dealers of the same line make.
Effective: June 29, 2023
History: Amended 2023 Ky. Acts ch. 7, sec. 5, effective June 29, 2023; and ch. 129,
sec. 6, effective June 29, 2023. — Amended 2008 Ky. Acts ch. 17, sec. 1, effective
July 15, 2008. — Amended 2000 Ky. Acts ch. 23, sec. 6, effective February 22, 2000.
— Amended 1982 Ky. Acts ch. 373, sec. 13, effective July 15, 1982. — Created 1956
Ky. Acts ch. 161, sec. 7, effective May 18, 1956.
Legislative Research Commission Note (6/29/2023). This statute was amended by 2023
Ky. Acts chs. 7 and 129. Where these Acts are not in conflict, they have been codified together. Where a conflict exists, Acts ch. 129, which was last enacted by the General Assembly, prevails under KRS § 446.250.