Michigan Laws > Chapter 125 > Act 208 of 1949 – Neighborhood Area Improvements


§ 125.941	Neighborhood areas in municipalities; improvement, declared to be public use and public purpose
§ 125.942	Definitions
§ 125.943	Neighborhood betterment plan; plans; statements; actions
§ 125.944	Acquisition of property; condemnation; proceedings under eminent domain
§ 125.945	Neighborhood areas in municipalities; transfers to public agencies; excess land sold or exchanged; special assessment district
§ 125.946a	Issuance of bonds or notes; purpose; securing payment by pledge of loan, grant, or contribution; bonds or notes not indebtedness within meaning of debt limitation or restriction; inapplicability
§ 125.946b	Issuance of general obligation bonds; maximum amount; designation; legislative determination; sale; applicability of other law or charter provisions; estimate of period of usefulness; definitions
§ 125.946c	Tax levy; special assessment
§ 125.947	Gifts, loans, grants from private or public sources; contracts for assistance
§ 125.948	Neighborhood areas in municipalities; modification of plan, hearing
§ 125.949	Neighborhood areas in municipalities; permits, withholding
§ 125.950	Neighborhood areas in municipalities; plans to be officially adopted; board of appeals; hearing, notice, publication
§ 125.951	Neighborhood areas in municipalities; actions to be by ordinance or resolution, procedure
§ 125.951a	Neighborhood areas in municipalities; designation of administrative agency
§ 125.952	Powers granted

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Terms Used In Michigan Laws > Chapter 125 > Act 208 of 1949 - Neighborhood Area Improvements

Abandoned property: means an aircraft; a watercraft, including a ship, boat, canoe, skiff, raft, or barge; the rigging, gear, fittings, trappings, and equipment of an aircraft or watercraft; the personal property of the officers, crew, and passengers of an aircraft or watercraft; and the cargo of an aircraft or watercraft, which have been deserted, relinquished, cast away, or left behind and for which attempts at reclamation have been abandoned by owners and insurers. See Michigan Laws 324.76101
Abandoned scrap tires: means an accumulation of scrap tires on property where the property owner is not responsible in whole or in part for the accumulation of the scrap tires. See Michigan Laws 324.16901
Absent voter: is a voter who utilizes the process described in section 759. See Michigan Laws 168.2
Absent voter ballot: means a ballot that is issued to a voter through the absent voter process. See Michigan Laws 168.2
Accessible and available market: means that opportunities exist to sell wastepaper products that are collected pursuant to this part at rates and at locations that make it fiscally reasonable to collect that paper. See Michigan Laws 324.16501
Accessory: means any accessory, equipment, additional part or replacement part for a vehicle for which a certificate of title is required to be issued under this act. See Michigan Laws 257.1a
Acquittal:
1. Judgement that a criminal defendant has not been proved guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.
2. A verdict of "not guilty."
Active cell-unit: means a cell-unit set forth in the approved progressive cell-unit mining and reclamation plan provided for in section 63706(1), in which vegetation and topsoil have been removed in preparation for sand dune mining or sand removal has been initiated after the date of issuance of the sand dune mining permit. See Michigan Laws 324.63701
Adjourn: A motion to adjourn a legislative chamber or a committee, if passed, ends that day's session.
Administratively complete: describes an application for a mining permit under this part that contains all of the documents and information required under this part and any rules promulgated under this part. See Michigan Laws 324.63201
Administratively complete: refers to an application for a mining permit under this part that includes the fee and all of the documents and other information required under this part and any rules promulgated under this part. See Michigan Laws 324.63401
Adulterated: means adulterated as determined under the Michigan food law of 1968, Act No. See Michigan Laws 10.121
Advice and consent: Under the Constitution, presidential nominations for executive and judicial posts take effect only when confirmed by the Senate, and international treaties become effective only when the Senate approves them by a two-thirds vote.
Advisory council: means the Michigan trails advisory council created in section 72110. See Michigan Laws 324.72101
Affected area: means an area outside of the mining area where the land surface, surface water, groundwater, or air resources are determined through an environmental impact assessment to be potentially affected by mining operations within the proposed mining area. See Michigan Laws 324.63201
Affidavit: A written statement of facts confirmed by the oath of the party making it, before a notary or officer having authority to administer oaths.
Age: means chronological age except as otherwise provided by law. See Michigan Laws 37.2103
Agricultural biomass: means residue and waste generated on a farm or by farm co-operative members from the production and processing of agricultural products, animal wastes, food processing wastes, or other materials as approved by the director. See Michigan Laws 324.14501
agricultural drain: means a human-made conveyance of water that meets all of the following requirements:

(a) Does not have continuous flow. See Michigan Laws 324.30305

Agricultural property: means real property used for farming in any of its branches, including cultivating of soil; growing and harvesting of any agricultural, horticultural, or floricultural commodity; dairying; raising of livestock, bees, fish, fur-bearing animals, or poultry; turf and tree farming; or performing any practices on a farm as an incident to, or in conjunction with, these farming operations. See Michigan Laws 324.20101

Agricultural well: means a high-capacity well that is located on a farm and is used for an agricultural purpose as that term is defined in section 32701. See Michigan Laws 324.31701

Alkaline manganese battery: means a dry cell battery containing manganese dioxide and zinc electrodes and an alkaline electrolyte. See Michigan Laws 324.17101

All appropriate inquiry: means an evaluation of environmental conditions at a property at the time of purchase, occupancy, or foreclosure that reasonably defines the existing conditions and circumstances at the property in conformance with 40 C. See Michigan Laws 324.20101

Allegation: something that someone says happened.

Altered or degraded wetland: means wetland that meets any of the following criteria:

(i) Has been partially or fully drained, such as by ditching, tiling, or pumping. See Michigan Laws 324.30301

Amendment: A proposal to alter the text of a pending bill or other measure by striking out some of it, by inserting new language, or both. Before an amendment becomes part of the measure, thelegislature must agree to it.

Ancillary facility: means any revolving credit agreement, agreement establishing a line of credit, or letter of credit; reimbursement agreement; interest rate exchange or similar agreement; currency exchange agreement; commodity exchange agreement; interest rate floor or cap; option, put, call, or similar agreement to hedge payment, currency, commodity, rate, spread, or similar exposure; investment agreement; float agreement; forward agreement or other investment arrangement; insurance contract; surety bond; commitment to purchase or sell securities; purchase or sale agreement or commitment; or other contract or agreement or other security agreement approved by the authority under this act, including without limitation any arrangement referred to in this act. See Michigan Laws 12.272

annual meeting: when applied to townships, mean the annual meeting required by law to be held on the Saturday immediately preceding the first Monday in April. See Michigan Laws 8.3d

Annuity: A periodic (usually annual) payment of a fixed sum of money for either the life of the recipient or for a fixed number of years. A series of payments under a contract from an insurance company, a trust company, or an individual. Annuity payments are made at regular intervals over a period of more than one full year.

Answer: The formal written statement by a defendant responding to a civil complaint and setting forth the grounds for defense.

Appeal: A request made after a trial, asking another court (usually the court of appeals) to decide whether the trial was conducted properly. To make such a request is "to appeal" or "to take an appeal." One who appeals is called the appellant.

Appliance: means a refrigerator, dehumidifier, freezer, oven, range, microwave oven, washer, dryer, dishwasher, trash compactor, window room air conditioner, television, or computer. See Michigan Laws 324.17201

Appraisal: A determination of property value.

Appropriation: The provision of funds, through an annual appropriations act or a permanent law, for federal agencies to make payments out of the Treasury for specified purposes. The formal federal spending process consists of two sequential steps: authorization

Arraignment: A proceeding in which an individual who is accused of committing a crime is brought into court, told of the charges, and asked to plead guilty or not guilty.

Arrest: Taking physical custody of a person by lawful authority.

Artificial brine: means mineralized water formed by dissolving rock salt or other readily soluble rocks or minerals. See Michigan Laws 324.62501

Assets: (1) The property comprising the estate of a deceased person, or (2) the property in a trust account.

Associated facilities: means restrooms, shelters, campgrounds, and parking lots directly related to trails or waterways projects. See Michigan Laws 324.71101

Attachment: A procedure by which a person's property is seized to pay judgments levied by the court.

Attorney general: means the department of the attorney general. See Michigan Laws 324.20101

Audit: means a post audit of financial transactions and accounts or performance audit as described in section 53 of article IV of the state constitution of 1963. See Michigan Laws 13.101

Auditor general: means the individual appointed auditor general under section 53 of article IV of the state constitution of 1963. See Michigan Laws 13.101

Authority: means the Michigan finance authority created by Executive Reorganization Order No. See Michigan Laws 12.272

Background concentration: means the concentration or level of a hazardous substance that exists in the environment at or regionally proximate to a facility that is not attributable to any release at or regionally proximate to the facility. See Michigan Laws 324.20101

Bail: Security given for the release of a criminal defendant or witness from legal custody (usually in the form of money) to secure his/her appearance on the day and time appointed.

Bailee: means a person that by a warehouse receipt, bill of lading, or other document of title acknowledges possession of goods and contracts to deliver them. See Michigan Laws 440.7102

Ballot container: means a container that is used for transporting and storing voted ballots, as described and approved under section 24j. See Michigan Laws 168.14a

Bank: means a person engaged in the business of banking and includes a savings bank, savings and loan association, credit union, and trust company. See Michigan Laws 440.1201

Bankruptcy: Refers to statutes and judicial proceedings involving persons or businesses that cannot pay their debts and seek the assistance of the court in getting a fresh start. Under the protection of the bankruptcy court, debtors may discharge their debts, perhaps by paying a portion of each debt. Bankruptcy judges preside over these proceedings.

Barrier dune: means the first landward sand dune formation along the shoreline of a Great Lake or a sand dune formation designated by the department. See Michigan Laws 324.63701

Baseline: Projection of the receipts, outlays, and other budget amounts that would ensue in the future without any change in existing policy. Baseline projections are used to gauge the extent to which proposed legislation, if enacted into law, would alter current spending and revenue levels.

Bearer: means a person in control of a negotiable electronic document of title or a person in possession of an instrument, a negotiable tangible document of title, or a certificated security payable to bearer or indorsed in blank. See Michigan Laws 440.1201

Beneficiary: A person who is entitled to receive the benefits or proceeds of a will, trust, insurance policy, retirement plan, annuity, or other contract. ^{Source: OCC}

Beneficiation: means to process sand for any of the following purposes, but does not include the drying process:

(i) Regulating the grain size of the desired product. See Michigan Laws 324.63701

benefits: means advantages resulting from a project to public corporations, the inhabitants of public corporations, the inhabitants of this state, and property within public corporations. See Michigan Laws 324.30901

Bequest: Property gifted by will.

Bill of lading: means a document of title evidencing the receipt of goods for shipment issued by a person engaged in the business of directly or indirectly transporting or forwarding goods. See Michigan Laws 440.1201

Blighted property: means property that meets any of the following criteria:

(i) The property has been declared a public nuisance in accordance with a local housing, building, plumbing, fire, or other related code or ordinance. See Michigan Laws 125.942

Block: means block as that term is used by the United States department of commerce, bureau of the census in conducting the 2010 decennial census. See Michigan Laws 4.2006

Board: means the board of directors of the authority. See Michigan Laws 12.272

Board: means the state historical records advisory board. See Michigan Laws 24.401

Board: means the brownfield redevelopment board created in section 20104a. See Michigan Laws 324.20101

Board: means a river management board created as the governing body of a river management district in accordance with this part. See Michigan Laws 324.31101

Board: means the county board of commissioners. See Michigan Laws 324.31301

Bond: means a bond, note, financial instrument, or other evidence of indebtedness or obligation issued by the authority under this act. See Michigan Laws 12.272

Bond: means a performance bond from a surety company authorized to transact business in this state, a certificate of deposit, a cash bond, or an irrevocable letter of credit, in favor of the department. See Michigan Laws 324.16901

Bonds: means private activity bonds subject to the unified volume limitation and any other bonds, notes, and evidences of indebtedness, including certain lease and installment purchase obligations, that would be treated by the internal revenue service as private activity bonds unless issued with an allocation from the unified volume limitation. See Michigan Laws 12.112

Bonds: means the bonds issued under part 193 or former Act No. See Michigan Laws 324.19501

Bonds: means the bonds authorized under the clean Michigan initiative act, 1998 PA 284, MCL 324. See Michigan Laws 324.19601

Bonds: means the bonds authorized under the Great Lakes water quality bond authorization act. See Michigan Laws 324.19701

Bonds: means the bonds issued under part 713 or former Act No. See Michigan Laws 324.71501

Bottomland: means the land area of an inland lake or stream that lies below the ordinary high-water mark and that may or may not be covered by water. See Michigan Laws 324.30101

Bottomlands: means the unpatented lake bottomlands of the Great Lakes. See Michigan Laws 324.76101

Bulkhead line: means a line that is established pursuant to this part beyond which dredging, filling, or construction of any kind is not allowed without a permit. See Michigan Laws 324.30101

Buyer in ordinary course of business: means a person that buys goods in good faith, without knowledge that the sale violates the rights of another person in the goods, and in the ordinary course from a person, other than a pawnbroker, in the business of selling goods of that kind. See Michigan Laws 440.1201

Carrier: means a person that issues a bill of lading. See Michigan Laws 440.7102

Caucus: From the Algonquian Indian language, a caucus meant "to meet together." An informal organization of members of the legislature that exists to discuss issues of mutual concern and possibly to perform legislative research and policy planning for its members. There are regional, political or ideological, ethnic, and economic-based caucuses.

Cell-unit: means a subunit of the total sand dune mining project as determined in size and location by the operator. See Michigan Laws 324.63701

Certificate of completion: means a written response provided by the department confirming that a response activity has been completed in accordance with the applicable requirements of this part and is approved by the department. See Michigan Laws 324.20101

Chief executive officer: means the mayor of a city, the village manager of a village, the township supervisor of a township, or the county executive of a county or, if the county does not have an elected county executive, the chairperson of the county board of commissioners. See Michigan Laws 324.19601

citation: means a complaint or notice upon which a police officer shall record an occurrence involving 1 or more vehicle law violations by the person cited. See Michigan Laws 257.727c

Cleanup criteria for unrestricted residential use: means any of the following:

(i) Cleanup criteria that satisfy the requirements for the residential category in section 20120a(1)(a). See Michigan Laws 324.20101

Collection site: means , subject to subdivision (e), a site consisting of a parcel or adjacent parcels of real property where any of the following are accumulated:

(i) 500 or more scrap tires. See Michigan Laws 324.16901

Collector: means a person who receives covered electronic devices from consumers and arranges for the delivery of the covered electronic devices to a recycler. See Michigan Laws 324.17301

Commercial motor vehicle: means a commercial vehicle as defined in section 7 of the Michigan vehicle code, 1949 PA 300, MCL 257. See Michigan Laws 324.74101

Commercial waste: means all types of solid waste generated by stores, offices, restaurants, warehouses, and other nonmanufacturing activities, but does not include household waste from single residences, hazardous waste, or industrial waste. See Michigan Laws 324.17501

Commission: means the Michigan state capitol commission established in section 5. See Michigan Laws 4.1942

Commission: means the civil rights commission established by section 29 of article V of the state constitution of 1963. See Michigan Laws 37.1103

Commission: means the civil rights commission established by section 29 of article V of the state constitution of 1963. See Michigan Laws 37.2103

Commission: means the commission of natural resources. See Michigan Laws 324.301

Commission: means the Mackinac Island state park commission created in section 76503. See Michigan Laws 324.76501

commission: means the Mackinac Island state park commission. See Michigan Laws 324.76701

Commissioner: means the county drain commissioner or the county road commission in counties not having a drain commissioner, and, if more than 1 county is involved, each of the drain commissioners or drain commissioner and road commission in counties having no drain commissioner. See Michigan Laws 324.30701

Committee: means the underwater salvage and preserve committee created in section 76103. See Michigan Laws 324.76101

Common carrier: means a company that transports mail, on reasonable request, on regular routes and at set rates. See Michigan Laws 168.2

Common law: The legal system that originated in England and is now in use in the United States. It is based on judicial decisions rather than legislative action.

Community cleanup site: means a site owned by a local unit of government or nonprofit organization that has received a scrap tire cleanup grant under section 16908(2)(c) and uses this site for the purpose of collecting scrap tires from residents as part of a community cleanup day or resident drop off. See Michigan Laws 324.16901

Community district education trust fund: means the community district education trust fund created in section 12. See Michigan Laws 12.252

Community recreation plan: means a 5-year, comprehensive recreation plan for a given local unit of government, approval of which is required by the department for participation in the land and water conservation fund program pursuant to the land and water conservation fund act of 1965, public law 88-578, 78 Stat. See Michigan Laws 324.71601

Complaint: A written statement by the plaintiff stating the wrongs allegedly committed by the defendant.

Complaint: means a complaint submitted under section 31702 alleging a potential groundwater dispute. See Michigan Laws 324.31701

Computer: means a desktop personal computer or laptop computer, a computer monitor, or beginning April 1, 2011, a printer. See Michigan Laws 324.17301

Computer takeback program: means a program required under section 17305(c). See Michigan Laws 324.17301

Concurrent resolution: A legislative measure, designated "S. Con. Res." and numbered consecutively upon introduction, generally employed to address the sentiments of both chambers, to deal with issues or matters affecting both houses, such as a concurrent budget resolution, or to create a temporary joint committee. Concurrent resolutions are not submitted to the President/Governor and thus do not have the force of law.

Conference committee: A temporary, ad hoc panel composed of conferees from both chamber of a legislature which is formed for the purpose of reconciling differences in legislation that has passed both chambers. Conference committees are usually convened to resolve bicameral differences on major and controversial legislation.

Confidential information: means information that is subject to a legal duty to not disclose its contents. See Michigan Laws 13.101

Conformance bond: means a surety bond that has been executed by a surety company authorized to do business in this state, cash, a certificate of deposit, a letter of credit, or other security filed by a person and accepted by the department to ensure compliance with this part or rules promulgated under this part. See Michigan Laws 324.63401

Conformance bond: means a surety bond that is executed by a surety company authorized to do business in this state, cash, certificates of deposit, letters of credit, or other securities that are filed by an operator to ensure compliance with this part, rules promulgated under this part, or conditions of a sand dune mining permit. See Michigan Laws 324.63701

Consignee: means a person named in a bill of lading to which or to whose order the bill promises delivery. See Michigan Laws 440.7102

Consignor: means a person named in a bill of lading as the person from which the goods have been received for shipment. See Michigan Laws 440.7102

Construction: means the process of building a building, road, utility, or another structure, including all of the following:

(i) Assembling materials. See Michigan Laws 324.31701

Consumer: means a person who used a covered electronic device primarily for personal or small business purposes in this state. See Michigan Laws 324.17301

Consumer product: means any food or beverage that is consumed by humans and any medicine including a prescription drug that is consumed or used by humans. See Michigan Laws 10.121

Containers: means glass, metal, or plastic bottles, cans, jars, or other receptacles that contain any substance. See Michigan Laws 324.16301

Continuance: Putting off of a hearing ot trial until a later time.

Contract: A legal written agreement that becomes binding when signed.

controlling board: means all boards having the care, management, or control over public school districts and public educational institutions other than a public school academy established under the revised school code, Act No. See Michigan Laws 38.73

Conviction: A judgement of guilt against a criminal defendant.

Corporation: A legal entity owned by the holders of shares of stock that have been issued, and that can own, receive, and transfer property, and carry on business in its own name.

Corrective action: means that term as it is defined in section 21302. See Michigan Laws 324.19601

Council: means a watershed council created under this part. See Michigan Laws 324.31101

Council: means a trail management council established pursuant to section 72106. See Michigan Laws 324.72101

County agency: means an agency created or controlled by a county board of commissioners or a county executive, a board of county road commissioners, or an office of the county drain commissioner. See Michigan Laws 324.31201

County board: means the county board of commissioners, and if more than 1 county is involved, the boards of commissioners of each of those counties. See Michigan Laws 324.30701

Court: means a circuit court, and if more than 1 judicial circuit is involved, the circuit court designated by the county board or otherwise authorized by law to preside over an action. See Michigan Laws 324.30701

Covered computer: means a computer that was or will be used primarily for personal or small business purposes in this state. See Michigan Laws 324.17301

Covered electronic device: means a covered computer or covered video display device. See Michigan Laws 324.17301

Covered video display device: means a video display device that was or will be used primarily for personal or small business purposes in this state. See Michigan Laws 324.17301

Creditor: includes a general creditor, a secured creditor, a lien creditor, and any representative of creditors, including an assignee for the benefit of creditors, a trustee in bankruptcy, a receiver in equity, and an executor or administrator of an insolvent debtor's or assignor's estate. See Michigan Laws 440.1201

CSC offense: means a violation or attempted violation of section 520b, 520c, 520d, 520e, or 520g of the Michigan penal code, 1931 PA 328, MCL 750. See Michigan Laws 12.202

Dam: means an artificial barrier, including dikes, embankments, and appurtenant works, that impounds, diverts, or is designed to impound or divert water. See Michigan Laws 324.30101

Dam: means an artificial barrier, structure, or facility, and appurtenant works, used to regulate or maintain the level of an inland lake. See Michigan Laws 324.30701

Damages: Money paid by defendants to successful plaintiffs in civil cases to compensate the plaintiffs for their injuries.

Dams: means dams, embankments, dikes, pumps, weirs, locks, gates, tubes, ditches, or any other devices or construction to impound or release water. See Michigan Laws 324.31301

Dark sky preserve: means an area designated in section 75102. See Michigan Laws 324.75101

Data transfer: means the copying or transmission of electronic information that does not alter the content, context, or structure of a record from 1 medium to another medium. See Michigan Laws 24.401

Decedent: A deceased person.

Deed: The legal instrument used to transfer title in real property from one person to another.

Defendant: In a civil suit, the person complained against; in a criminal case, the person accused of the crime.

Degradable: means capable of being broken down by biodegradation, photodegradation, or chemical degradation into component parts within 360 days under exposure to the elements. See Michigan Laws 324.16101

Delegated authority: means the county drain commissioner or any other person designated by the county board to perform duties required under this part. See Michigan Laws 324.30701

Delivery: means either of the following:

(i) With respect to an electronic document of title, a voluntary transfer of control. See Michigan Laws 440.1201

Delivery order: means a record that contains an order to deliver goods directed to a warehouseman, carrier, or other person that in the ordinary course of business issues warehouse receipts or bills of lading. See Michigan Laws 440.7102

Department: means the department of treasury. See Michigan Laws 12.131

Department: means the department of history, arts, and libraries. See Michigan Laws 24.401

Department: means the department of state police. See Michigan Laws 28.122

Department: means the department of civil rights or its employees. See Michigan Laws 37.2103

Department: means the director of the department of natural resources or his or her designee to whom the director delegates a power or duty by written instrument. See Michigan Laws 324.301

Department: means the department of environmental quality. See Michigan Laws 324.14301

Department: means the department of environmental quality. See Michigan Laws 324.14501

Department: means the department of environmental quality. See Michigan Laws 324.16901

Department: means the department of environmental quality. See Michigan Laws 324.17301

Department: means the department of environmental quality. See Michigan Laws 324.17501

Department: means the department of environmental quality. See Michigan Laws 324.19601

Department: means the department of environmental quality. See Michigan Laws 324.19701

Department: means the director or his or her designee to whom the director delegates a power or duty by written instrument. See Michigan Laws 324.20101

Department: means the department of environmental quality. See Michigan Laws 324.30101

Department: means the department of environmental quality. See Michigan Laws 324.30301

Department: means the department of environmental quality. See Michigan Laws 324.31701

Department: means the department of environmental quality. See Michigan Laws 324.62501

Department: means the department of environmental quality. See Michigan Laws 324.63101

Department: means the department of environmental quality. See Michigan Laws 324.63201

Department: means the department of environmental quality. See Michigan Laws 324.63401

Department: means the department of natural resources. See Michigan Laws 324.71601

Department: means the department of natural resources. See Michigan Laws 324.72101

Department of natural resources: means the principal state department created in section 501. See Michigan Laws 324.301

Departments: means the departments of natural resources, environmental quality, and transportation. See Michigan Laws 24.422

Dependent: A person dependent for support upon another.

Deposition: An oral statement made before an officer authorized by law to administer oaths. Such statements are often taken to examine potential witnesses, to obtain discovery, or to be used later in trial.

Devise: To gift property by will.

Dewatering well: means a well or pump that is used to remove water from a mining operation or that is used for a limited time period as part of a construction project to remove or pump water from a surface or subsurface area and ceases to be used upon completion of the construction project or shortly after completion of the construction project. See Michigan Laws 324.31701

Digital imaging: means the techniques for capturing, recording, processing, storing, transferring, and using images of records electronically. See Michigan Laws 24.401

Digital migration: means the conversion of digital information from an existing format to another format that maintains the content, context, and structure of a record. See Michigan Laws 24.401

Digitization: means the conversion of information into digitally coded electronic images suitable for electronic storage. See Michigan Laws 24.401

Director: means director of the department of licensing and regulatory affairs, or his or her designee. See Michigan Laws 12.272

Director: means the director of the department of natural resources. See Michigan Laws 324.301

Director: means the director of the department of environmental quality. See Michigan Laws 324.14501

Director: means the director of the department of environmental quality. See Michigan Laws 324.20101

Director: means the director of the department. See Michigan Laws 324.30301

Director: means the director of the department or his or her designee. See Michigan Laws 324.31701

Director: means the director of the Mackinac Island state park commission. See Michigan Laws 324.76501

Director: means the director of the department. See Michigan Laws 324.71601

Director: means the director of the department or his or her designee. See Michigan Laws 324.72101

Directors: means the directors or their designees of the departments of environmental quality, community health, agriculture and rural development, and state police. See Michigan Laws 324.20101

disability: means 1 or more of the following:

(i) A determinable physical or mental characteristic of an individual, which may result from disease, injury, congenital condition of birth, or functional disorder, if the characteristic:

(A) For purposes of article 2, substantially limits 1 or more of the major life activities of that individual and is unrelated to the individual's ability to perform the duties of a particular job or position or substantially limits 1 or more of the major life activities of that individual and is unrelated to the individual's qualifications for employment or promotion. See Michigan Laws 37.1103

Discovery: Lawyers' examination, before trial, of facts and documents in possession of the opponents to help the lawyers prepare for trial.

Dismissal: The dropping of a case by the judge without further consideration or hearing. ^Source:

Disposal: means the discharge, deposit, injection, dumping, spilling, leaking, or placing of any hazardous substance into or on any land or water so that the hazardous substance or any constituent of the hazardous substance may enter the environment or be emitted into the air or discharged into any groundwater or surface water. See Michigan Laws 324.20101

Disposal well: means a well drilled or converted for subsurface disposal of waste products or processed brine and its related surface facilities. See Michigan Laws 324.62501

Distributor: means a person who sells batteries to retailers in this state. See Michigan Laws 324.17101

District: means a river management district established under this part. See Michigan Laws 324.31101

Docket: A log containing brief entries of court proceedings.

Document of title: means a record that in the regular course of business or financing is treated as adequately evidencing that the person in possession or control of the record is entitled to receive, control, hold, and dispose of the record and the goods the record covers and that purports to be issued by or addressed to a bailee and to cover goods in the bailee's possession which are either identified or are fungible portions of an identified mass. See Michigan Laws 440.1201

Due care activities: means those activities conducted under section 20107a and 21304c. See Michigan Laws 324.19601

educational institution: means a public or private institution or a separate school or department of a public or private institution, includes an academy, college, elementary or secondary school, extension course, kindergarten, nursery, school system, school district, or university, and a business, nursing, professional, secretarial, technical, or vocational school, and includes an agent of an educational institution. See Michigan Laws 37.1401

educational institution: means a public or private institution, or a separate school or department thereof, and includes an academy, college, elementary or secondary school, extension course, kindergarten, nursery, local school system, university, or a business, nursing, professional, secretarial, technical, or vocational school; and includes an agent of an educational institution. See Michigan Laws 37.2401

Election: means an election or primary election at which the electors of this state or of a subdivision of this state choose or nominate by ballot an individual for public office or decide a ballot question lawfully submitted to them. See Michigan Laws 168.2

election precinct: as used in this act shall mean a political subdivision, the area of which is embraced in its entirety within the confines of a city, ward, township or village, and for which not more than 1 polling place is provided for all qualified and registered electors residing therein. See Michigan Laws 168.654

Electronic document of title: means a document of title evidenced by a record consisting of information stored in an electronic medium. See Michigan Laws 440.1201

Electronic funds transfer: The transfer of money between accounts by consumer electronic systems-such as automated teller machines (ATMs) and electronic payment of bills-rather than by check or cash. (Wire transfers, checks, drafts, and paper instruments do not fall into this category.) ^{Source: OCC}

Eligible farmer or agricultural processor: means a person who processes agricultural products or a person who is engaged as an owner-operator of a farm in the production of agricultural goods as defined by section 35(1)(h) of the former single business tax act, 1975 PA 228, or by section 207(1)(d) of the Michigan business tax act, 2007 PA 36, MCL 208. See Michigan Laws 324.14501

Embezzlement: In most states, embezzlement is defined as theft/larceny of assets (money or property) by a person in a position of trust or responsibility over those assets. Embezzlement typically occurs in the employment and corporate settings. ^{Source: OCC}

Emergency management coordinator: means that term as defined in section 2 of the emergency management act, 1976 PA 390, MCL 30. See Michigan Laws 324.63201

Employer: means a person that has 1 or more employees, and includes an agent of that person. See Michigan Laws 37.2201

Employment agency: means a person regularly undertaking with or without compensation to procure, refer, recruit, or place an employee for an employer or to procure, refer, recruit, or place for an employer or person the opportunity to work for an employer and includes an agent of that person. See Michigan Laws 37.2201

End-user: means any of the following:

(i) A person who possesses a permit to burn tires under part 55. See Michigan Laws 324.16901

Endowment fund: means the Michigan state parks endowment fund established in section 35a of article IX of the state constitution of 1963 and provided for in section 74119. See Michigan Laws 324.74101

Energy advisory committee: means the committee created under section 2. See Michigan Laws 10.81

Energy emergency: means a condition of danger to the health, safety, or welfare of the citizens of this state due to an impending or present energy shortage. See Michigan Laws 10.81

Energy resource: means electricity, natural gas, synthetic gas, a petroleum product including a liquefied petroleum gas, coal, wood fuel, geothermal source, hydropower, nuclear material, or other source producing power or heat. See Michigan Laws 10.81

Energy shortage: means lack of adequate available energy resources in the state, or any part of the state, as determined by the energy advisory committee or the governor. See Michigan Laws 10.81

Enforcement costs: means court expenses, reasonable attorney fees of the attorney general, and other reasonable expenses of an executive department that are incurred in relation to enforcement under this part. See Michigan Laws 324.20101

Entitlement: A Federal program or provision of law that requires payments to any person or unit of government that meets the eligibility criteria established by law. Entitlements constitute a binding obligation on the part of the Federal Government, and eligible recipients have legal recourse if the obligation is not fulfilled. Social Security and veterans' compensation and pensions are examples of entitlement programs.

Environmental audit: means a voluntary and internal evaluation conducted on or after the effective date of this part of 1 or more facilities or an activity at 1 or more facilities regulated under state, federal, regional, or local laws or ordinances, or of environmental management systems or processes related to the facilities or activity, or of a previously corrected specific instance of noncompliance, that is designed to identify historical or current noncompliance and prevent noncompliance or improve compliance with 1 or more of those laws, or to identify an environmental hazard, contamination, or other adverse environmental condition, or to improve an environmental management system or process. See Michigan Laws 324.14801

Environmental audit report: means a document or a set of documents, each labeled at the time it is created "environmental audit report: privileged document" and created as a result of an environmental audit. See Michigan Laws 324.14801

Environmental contamination: means the release of a hazardous substance, or the potential release of a discarded hazardous substance, in a quantity which is or may become injurious to the environment or to the public health, safety, or welfare. See Michigan Laws 324.20101

Environmental elements: means the biological, physical, and chemical characteristics of the environment, including but not limited to the following:

(i) Watersheds. See Michigan Laws 324.63701

Equine access locations: means open access roads, management roads, forestry access roads, 2-track and single-track trails that are not wildlife paths, staging areas for pack and saddle animals to be dropped off or picked up, and associated wilderness campsites. See Michigan Laws 324.72101

Equitable: Pertaining to civil suits in "equity" rather than in "law." In English legal history, the courts of "law" could order the payment of damages and could afford no other remedy. See damages. A separate court of "equity" could order someone to do something or to cease to do something. See, e.g., injunction. In American jurisprudence, the federal courts have both legal and equitable power, but the distinction is still an important one. For example, a trial by jury is normally available in "law" cases but not in "equity" cases. ^{Source: U.S. Courts}

Escrow: Money given to a third party to be held for payment until certain conditions are met.

Evaluation: means those activities including, but not limited to, investigation, studies, sampling, analysis, development of feasibility studies, and administrative efforts that are needed to determine the nature, extent, and impact of a release or threat of release and necessary response activities. See Michigan Laws 324.20101

Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other.

Ex officio: Literally, by virtue of one's office.

Exacerbation: means the occurrence of either of the following caused by an activity undertaken by the person who owns or operates the property, with respect to contamination for which the person is not liable:

(i) Migration of contamination beyond the boundaries of the property that is the source of the release at levels above cleanup criteria for unrestricted residential use unless a criterion is not relevant because exposure is reliably restricted as otherwise provided in this part. See Michigan Laws 324.20101

Examination: means an inquiry, compilation, or review within the scope of the auditor general's authority under section 53 of article IV of the state constitution of 1963. See Michigan Laws 13.101

Executor: A male person named in a will to carry out the decedent

Expand: means to occupy a larger area of an inland lake or stream than authorized by a permit issued under this part for marina mooring structures and watercraft moored at the marina. See Michigan Laws 324.30101

Exploratory purposes: means test well drilling for the specific purpose of discovering or outlining an orebody or mineable mineral resource. See Michigan Laws 324.62501

Facility: means that term as it is defined in part 201. See Michigan Laws 324.19601

Facility: means any area, place, parcel or parcels of property, or portion of a parcel of property where a hazardous substance in excess of the concentrations that satisfy the cleanup criteria for unrestricted residential use has been released, deposited, disposed of, or otherwise comes to be located. See Michigan Laws 324.20101

Fair market value: The price at which an asset would change hands in a transaction between a willing, informed buyer and a willing, informed seller.

Familial status: means 1 or more individuals under the age of 18 residing with a parent or other person having custody or in the process of securing legal custody of the individual or individuals or residing with the designee of the parent or other person having or securing custody, with the written permission of the parent or other person. See Michigan Laws 37.2103

Farm: means that term as it is defined in section 2 of the Michigan right to farm act, 1981 PA 93, MCL 286. See Michigan Laws 324.31701

Farm product: means that term as defined in section 2 of the Michigan right to farm act, 1981 PA 93, MCL 286. See Michigan Laws 324.73101

Farm property: means land used in the production of a farm product and all lands contained within the farm. See Michigan Laws 324.73101

Feasibility study: means a process for developing, evaluating, and selecting appropriate response activities. See Michigan Laws 324.20101

Fee simple: Absolute title to property with no limitations or restrictions regarding the person who may inherit it.

Ferrous product: means a commercially salable ferrous mineral in its final marketable form or state. See Michigan Laws 324.63101

Fiduciary: A trustee, executor, or administrator.

Fill material: means soil, rocks, sand, waste of any kind, or any other material that displaces soil or water or reduces water retention potential. See Michigan Laws 324.30301

Financial assurance: means a performance bond, escrow, cash, certificate of deposit, irrevocable letter of credit, corporate guarantee, or other equivalent security, or any combination thereof. See Michigan Laws 324.20101

Financing costs: means all capitalized interest; operating and debt service reserves; costs of issuance; fees for credit and liquidity enhancements; any item of expense directly or indirectly payable or reimbursable by the authority and related to the authorization, sale, or issuance of bonds, including without limitation underwriting fees, counsel fees, fees of the attorney general, and fees and expenses of consultants, advisors, fiduciaries, and rating agencies; and other costs as the authority determines to be desirable in issuing, securing, and marketing and remarketing the bonds. See Michigan Laws 12.272

firearm: except as otherwise specifically defined in statute, includes any weapon which will, is designed to, or may readily be converted to expel a projectile by action of an explosive. See Michigan Laws 8.3t

Fiscal year: The fiscal year is the accounting period for the government. For the federal government, this begins on October 1 and ends on September 30. The fiscal year is designated by the calendar year in which it ends; for example, fiscal year 2006 begins on October 1, 2005 and ends on September 30, 2006.

Fish: means game fish or nongame fish as those terms are defined in section 48701. See Michigan Laws 324.73101

Flint settlement trust fund: means the Flint settlement trust fund created in section 11. See Michigan Laws 12.252

Forbearance: A means of handling a delinquent loan. A

Foreclosure: A legal process in which property that is collateral or security for a loan may be sold to help repay the loan when the loan is in default. ^{Source: OCC}

Foreclosure: means possession by a lender of a property on which it has foreclosed on a security interest or the expiration of a lawful redemption period, whichever occurs first. See Michigan Laws 324.20101

Forensic laboratory: means a laboratory maintained by the department of state police or a municipality that meets all of the following criteria:

(i) Has at least 1 regularly employed forensic scientist who conducts analyses of controlled substances or androgenic anabolic steroids for criminal justice agencies in criminal matters, and provides testimony with respect to those analyses. See Michigan Laws 12.202

Forensic test: means a drug analysis, toxicology analysis, or other forensic analysis or examination in areas including, but not limited to, latent prints, microchemistry, serology, firearms, toolmarks, or questioned documents. See Michigan Laws 12.202

Forest road: means that term as defined in section 81101. See Michigan Laws 324.72101

Former wetland: means land that was wetland but that has been modified to the point that it no longer has the hydrologic characteristics of wetland. See Michigan Laws 324.30301

Foundation: means the Michigan state parks foundation created in section 74302. See Michigan Laws 324.74301

Fraud: Intentional deception resulting in injury to another.

Free flowing: means existing or flowing in natural condition without impoundment, diversion, straightening, riprapping, or other modification. See Michigan Laws 324.30501

Freedom of Information Act: A federal law that mandates that all the records created and kept by federal agencies in the executive branch of government must be open for public inspection and copying. The only exceptions are those records that fall into one of nine exempted categories listed in the statute. ^{Source: OCC}

Fully shielded: means outdoor light fixtures shielded or constructed so that no light rays are emitted by the installed fixture at angles above 15 degrees below the horizontal plane and also constructed so that the filament or light source is not visible to the naked eye when viewed from a point higher than 15 degrees below the horizontal plane. See Michigan Laws 324.75101

Fund: means the Michigan state capitol historic site fund created in section 7. See Michigan Laws 4.1942

Fund: means the scrap tire regulatory fund created in section 16908. See Michigan Laws 324.16901

Fund: means the environmental protection bond fund created in section 19506. See Michigan Laws 324.19501

Fund: means the clean Michigan initiative bond fund created in section 19606. See Michigan Laws 324.19601

Fund: means the Great Lakes water quality bond fund created in section 19706. See Michigan Laws 324.19701

Fund: means the cleanup and redevelopment fund established in section 20108. See Michigan Laws 324.20101

Fund: means the land and water management permit fee fund created in section 30113. See Michigan Laws 324.30101

Fund: means the aquifer protection revolving fund created in section 31710. See Michigan Laws 324.31701

Fund: means the mineral well regulatory fund created in section 62509b. See Michigan Laws 324.62501

Fund: means the nonferrous metallic mineral surveillance fund created in section 63217. See Michigan Laws 324.63201

Fund: means the small native copper mine surveillance fund created in section 63415. See Michigan Laws 324.63401

Fund: means the recreation bond fund created in section 71506. See Michigan Laws 324.71501

Fund: means the Pure Michigan Trails fund created in section 72109. See Michigan Laws 324.72101

Funding unit: means 1 of the following, as applicable:

(i) For a circuit other than the third circuit of the circuit court, each county in the circuit. See Michigan Laws 12.131

Fungible goods: means either of the following:

(i) Goods of which any unit, by nature or usage of trade, is the equivalent of any other like unit. See Michigan Laws 440.1201

Fur-bearing animal: means that term as defined in section 43503. See Michigan Laws 324.73101

Game: means that term as defined in section 40103. See Michigan Laws 324.73101

Gaming facility: means a gaming facility regulated under the Michigan gaming control and revenue act, 1996 IL 1, MCL 432. See Michigan Laws 324.19601

Garnishment: Generally, garnishment is a court proceeding in which a creditor asks a court to order a third party who owes money to the debtor or otherwise holds assets belonging to the debtor to turn over to the creditor any of the debtor

Gender identity or expression: means having or being perceived as having a gender-related self-identity or expression whether or not associated with an individual's assigned sex at birth. See Michigan Laws 37.2103

general November election: means the election held on the November regular election date in an even numbered year. See Michigan Laws 168.2

Genuine: means free of forgery or counterfeiting. See Michigan Laws 440.1201

Gift: A voluntary transfer or conveyance of property without consideration, or for less than full and adequate consideration based on fair market value.

Good faith: means honesty in fact and the observance of reasonable commercial standards of fair dealing. See Michigan Laws 440.7102

Goods: means all things that are treated as movable for the purposes of a contract for storage or transportation. See Michigan Laws 440.7102

Government action: means any of the following:

(i) A decision on an application for a permit or license. See Michigan Laws 24.422

Governmental agency: means the federal government, a county, city, village, or township, or a combination of any of these entities. See Michigan Laws 324.72101

Grant: means a local recreation grant under this part. See Michigan Laws 324.71601

Grantor: The person who establishes a trust and places property into it.

grantor: may be construed as including every person from or by whom any estate in lands passes in or by any deed. See Michigan Laws 8.3e

Great Lakes: means any of the Great Lakes that have a shoreline within this state. See Michigan Laws 324.63701

Great Lakes: means lakes Erie, Huron, Michigan, St. See Michigan Laws 324.76101

Great Lakes bottomlands preserve: means an area located on the bottomlands of the Great Lakes and extending upward to and including the surface of the water, which is delineated and set aside by rule for special protection of abandoned property of historical value, or ecological, educational, geological, or scenic features or formations having recreational, educational, or scientific value. See Michigan Laws 324.76101

Groundwater: means the water in the zone of saturation that fills all of the pore spaces of the subsurface geologic material. See Michigan Laws 324.31701

Groundwater dispute: means a groundwater dispute declared by order of the director or the director of the department of agriculture and rural development under section 31703. See Michigan Laws 324.31701

Guardian: A person legally empowered and charged with the duty of taking care of and managing the property of another person who because of age, intellect, or health, is incapable of managing his (her) own affairs.

Hazardous substance: means 1 or more of the following, but does not include fruit, vegetable, or field crop residuals or processing by-products, or aquatic plants, that are applied to the land for an agricultural use or for use as an animal feed, if the use is consistent with generally accepted agricultural management practices at the time of the application or stamp sands:

(i) Any substance that the department demonstrates, on a case by case basis, poses an unacceptable risk to the public health, safety, or welfare, or the environment, considering the fate of the material, dose-response, toxicity, or adverse impact on natural resources. See Michigan Laws 324.20101

HDPE: means high density polyethylene. See Michigan Laws 324.16101

Height of the dam: means the difference in elevation measured vertically between the natural bed of an inland lake or stream at the downstream toe of the dam, or, if it is not across a stream channel or watercourse, from the lowest elevation of the downstream toe of the dam, to the design flood elevation or to the lowest point of the top of the dam, whichever is less. See Michigan Laws 324.30101

High-capacity well: means 1 or more water wells associated with an industrial or processing facility, an irrigation facility, or a farm that, in the aggregate from all sources and by all methods, have the capability of withdrawing 100,000 or more gallons of groundwater in 1 day. See Michigan Laws 324.31701

Historical value: means value relating to, or illustrative of, Michigan history, including the statehood, territorial, colonial, and historic, and prehistoric native American periods. See Michigan Laws 324.76101

Holder: means any of the following:

(i) A person in possession of a negotiable instrument that is payable either to bearer or to an identified person that is the person in possession. See Michigan Laws 440.1201

Household waste: means any solid waste that is derived from single residences, but does not include any of the following:

(i) Commercial waste. See Michigan Laws 324.17501

Housing accommodation: includes improved or unimproved real property, or a part thereof, which is used or occupied, or is intended, arranged, or designed to be used or occupied, as the home or residence of 1 or more persons. See Michigan Laws 37.1501

Housing accommodation: includes improved or unimproved real property, or a part of improved or unimproved real property, that is used or occupied, or is intended, arranged, or designed to be used or occupied, as the home or residence of 1 or more individuals. See Michigan Laws 37.2501

Hunting dog: means a dog allowed to range freely to engage in or aid in hunting on the day the dog enters the property of another person. See Michigan Laws 324.73101

Identification for election purposes: means , if issued to the individual presenting the card or document and if presented for voting purposes the name on the card or document sufficiently matches the individual's name in the individual's voter registration record so as to accurately identify the individual as the registered elector, or if issued to the individual presenting the card or document and if presented for voter registration purposes, any of the following:

(i) An operator's or chauffeur's license issued under the Michigan vehicle code, 1949 PA 300, MCL 257. See Michigan Laws 168.2

Immediate family: means a spouse, parent, child, or sibling. See Michigan Laws 37.1501

Immediate family: means an individual's father, mother, son, daughter, brother, sister, and spouse and a relative of any degree residing in the same household as that individual. See Michigan Laws 168.2

Impeachment: (1) The process of calling something into question, as in "impeaching the testimony of a witness." (2) The constitutional process whereby the House of Representatives may "impeach" (accuse of misconduct) high officers of the federal government for trial in the Senate.

Impoundment: means water held back by a dam, dike, floodgate, or other barrier. See Michigan Laws 324.30101

Improvement program: means the construction, reconstruction, development, improvement, bettering, operating, maintaining, and extending a facility at a state park, including a site improvement, impoundment, road and parking lot, toilet building, concession building, shelter building, bathhouse, utility, outdoor center, visitor service facility, ski area, ski tow, ski shelter, and administration unit. See Michigan Laws 324.74101

in writing: shall be construed to include printing, engraving, and lithographing; except that if the written signature of a person is required by law, the signature shall be the proper handwriting of the person or, if the person is unable to write, the person's proper mark, which may be, unless otherwise expressly prohibited by law, a clear and classifiable fingerprint of the person made with ink or another substance. See Michigan Laws 8.3q

Infrastructure improvement: means restoration of the natural environment or the renovation, repair, replacement, upgrading, or structural improvement of an existing facility that is not less than 15 years old, including any of the following:

(i) Recreation centers. See Michigan Laws 324.71601

Injunction: An order of the court prohibiting (or compelling) the performance of a specific act to prevent irreparable damage or injury.

Inland lake: means a natural or artificial lake, pond, impoundment, or a part of 1 of those bodies of water. See Michigan Laws 324.30701

Inland lake: means a public inland lake or a private inland lake. See Michigan Laws 324.30901

Inland lake or stream: means either of the following:

(i) An artificial or natural lake, pond, or impoundment that is a water of the United States as that term is used in section 502(7) of the federal water pollution control act, 33 USC 1362. See Michigan Laws 324.30101

Interest rate: The amount paid by a borrower to a lender in exchange for the use of the lender's money for a certain period of time. Interest is paid on loans or on debt instruments, such as notes or bonds, either at regular intervals or as part of a lump sum payment when the issue matures. ^{Source: OCC}

Interested person: means a person who has a record interest in the title to, right of ingress to, or reversionary right to a piece or parcel of land that would be affected by a permanent change in the bottomland of a natural or artificial, public or private inland lake, or adjacent wetland. See Michigan Laws 324.30901

Interim cell-unit status: means a cell-unit as set forth in an approved progressive cell-unit mining and reclamation plan provided for in section 63706(1), in which all sand dune mining and reclamation within the cell-unit has been completed, but the vegetation has not sustained itself through 1 full growing season. See Michigan Laws 324.63701

Interim response activity: means the cleanup or removal of a released hazardous substance or the taking of other actions, prior to the implementation of a remedial action, as may be necessary to prevent, minimize, or mitigate injury to the public health, safety, or welfare, or to the environment. See Michigan Laws 324.20101

Interrogatories: Written questions asked by one party of an opposing party, who must answer them in writing under oath; a discovery device in a lawsuit.

Issuer: means a municipal issuer or a state issuer. See Michigan Laws 12.112

Issuer: means a bailee that issues a document of title or, in the case of an unaccepted delivery order, the person that orders the possessor of goods to deliver. See Michigan Laws 440.7102

Jurisdiction: (1) The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a case. Concurrent jurisdiction exists when two courts have simultaneous responsibility for the same case. (2) The geographic area over which the court has authority to decide cases.

Label: means a molded, imprinted, or raised symbol on or near the bottom of a plastic product. See Michigan Laws 324.16101

Labor organization: includes :

(i) An organization of any kind, or an agency or employee representation committee, group, association, or plan, in which employees participate and that exists for the purpose, in whole or in part, of dealing with employers concerning grievances, labor disputes, wages, rates of pay, hours, or other terms or conditions of employment. See Michigan Laws 37.2201

Law enforcement officer: means any law enforcement officer who is trained and licensed or certified under the Michigan commission on law enforcement standards act, 1965 PA 203, MCL 28. See Michigan Laws 324.16901

LDPE: means low density polyethylene. See Michigan Laws 324.16101

Lead acid battery: means a storage battery, that is used to start an internal combustion engine or as the principal electrical power source for a vehicle, in which the electrodes are grids of lead containing lead oxides that change in composition during charging and discharging, and the electrolyte is dilute sulfuric acid. See Michigan Laws 324.17101

Lease: A contract transferring the use of property or occupancy of land, space, structures, or equipment in consideration of a payment (e.g., rent). ^{Source: OCC}

Legacy: A gift of property made by will.

Legislative body: means the city council, city commission, township board, or other legislative body of a city, village, or township. See Michigan Laws 125.942

Legislative session: That part of a chamber's daily session in which it considers legislative business (bills, resolutions, and actions related thereto).

Lender: means any of the following:

(i) A state or nationally chartered bank. See Michigan Laws 324.20101

Level of stream flow: means a measure of water quantity including the amount of water passing a designated point over a designated period and the levels of lakes that are an integral part of the surface drainage system of the watershed. See Michigan Laws 324.31101

Liabilities: The aggregate of all debts and other legal obligations of a particular person or legal entity.

License: means a hunting, fishing, or fur harvester's license or, in the discretion of the court, any combination of such licenses. See Michigan Laws 324.73101

Lien: A claim against real or personal property in satisfaction of a debt.

Life of the mine: means the period of time from issuance of a permit under this part through the completion of reclamation as required by this part. See Michigan Laws 324.63101

Life of the mine: means the period from initiation of mining activities through the completion of reclamation. See Michigan Laws 324.63401

Litigation: A case, controversy, or lawsuit. Participants (plaintiffs and defendants) in lawsuits are called litigants.

Local agencies: means local units of government, special districts, or other legally constituted agencies of local units of government exercising powers that may affect water resources. See Michigan Laws 324.31101

Local governing body: means the legislative body of a local unit of government. See Michigan Laws 324.30901

Local government reimbursement fund: means the local government reimbursement fund created in section 3a. See Michigan Laws 12.252

Local public recreation project: means capital improvement projects including, but not limited to, the construction, expansion, development, or rehabilitation of recreational facilities, and the restoration of the natural environment. See Michigan Laws 324.71501

Local recreation project: means capital improvement projects including, but not limited to, the construction, expansion, development, or rehabilitation of recreational facilities. See Michigan Laws 324.71601

local unit: means a municipality or county. See Michigan Laws 324.301

Local unit: means any city, village, township, or soil conservation district acting through its governing body. See Michigan Laws 324.31301

Local unit of government: means a village, city, township, or county. See Michigan Laws 28.117

Local unit of government: means a county, city, village, or township, or an agency of a county, city, village, or township; or a brownfield redevelopment authority, economic development corporation, or an authority or other public body created by or pursuant to state law. See Michigan Laws 324.19601

Local unit of government: means a county, city, township, or village, an agency of a local unit of government, an authority or any other public body or entity created by or pursuant to state law. See Michigan Laws 324.20101

Local unit of government: means a county, city, township, village, school district, the Huron-Clinton metropolitan authority, or any authority composed of counties, cities, townships, villages, or school districts, or any combination of those entities, which authority is legally constituted to provide public recreation. See Michigan Laws 324.71501

Local unit of government: means a county, city, township, village, the Huron-Clinton metropolitan authority, or any authority composed of counties, cities, townships, villages, or any combination of those entities, which authority is legally constituted to provide public recreation. See Michigan Laws 324.71601

major political party: means each of the 2 political parties whose candidate for the office of secretary of state received the highest and second highest number of votes at the immediately preceding general election in which a secretary of state was elected. See Michigan Laws 168.16

Majority leader: see Floor Leaders

Manufacturer: means a person who produces batteries for sale in this state. See Michigan Laws 324.17101

Manufacturer: means a person that produces, imports, or distributes mercury thermometers in this state. See Michigan Laws 324.17201

Marina: means a facility that is owned or operated by a person, extends into or over an inland lake or stream, and offers service to the public or members of the marina for docking, loading, or other servicing of recreational watercraft. See Michigan Laws 324.30101

Measurable economic benefit: means the permanent jobs that are created or retained, the capital invested, or the increased tax base to the applicable county, city, village, and township where the project is located. See Michigan Laws 324.19601

Measurable environmental benefit: means the extent that the requirements of part 201 or part 213, or both, are advanced at a brownfield project where environmental conditions inhibit the site's redevelopment or reuse. See Michigan Laws 324.19601

Mechanical or other assistance: means all humanmade devices, including pry bars, wrenches and other hand or power tools, cutting torches, explosives, winches, flotation bags, lines to surface, extra divers buoyancy devices, and other buoyance devices, used to raise or remove artifacts. See Michigan Laws 324.76101

Medicaid benefits trust fund: means the Michigan Medicaid benefits trust fund established in section 5. See Michigan Laws 12.252

Medicaid program: means a program for medical assistance established under title XIX of the social security act, 42 USC 1396 to 1396w-6. See Michigan Laws 12.252

Medicaid special financing payments: means the Medicaid special adjustor payments each year authorized in the department of health and human services appropriations act. See Michigan Laws 12.252

Member: means a municipality, county, county agency, public school district, public college or university, or other local or regional public agency that is a member of a watershed alliance as provided for in this part. See Michigan Laws 324.31201

Mercuric oxide battery: means a dry cell battery that delivers an essentially constant output voltage throughout its useful life by means of a chemical reaction between zinc and mercuric oxide. See Michigan Laws 324.17101

Mercury fever thermometer: means a mercury thermometer used for measuring body temperature. See Michigan Laws 324.17201

Mercury thermometer: means a product or component, other than a dry cell battery, of a product used for measuring temperature that contains mercury or a mercury compound intentionally added to the product or component. See Michigan Laws 324.17201

Metallic product: means a commercially salable mineral produced primarily for its nonferrous metallic mineral content in its final marketable form or state. See Michigan Laws 324.63201

Methamphetamine-related offense: means 1 or more of the following offenses under Michigan law:

(i) A violation or attempted violation of article 7 of the public health code, 1978 PA 368, MCL 333. See Michigan Laws 28.122

Method detection limit: means the minimum concentration of a hazardous substance that can be measured and reported with 99% confidence that the analyte concentration is greater than zero and is determined from analysis of a sample in a given matrix that contains the analyte. See Michigan Laws 324.20101

Metropolitan district: means a district incorporated under the metropolitan district act, 1929 PA 312, MCL 119. See Michigan Laws 168.17

Michigan conservation and recreation legacy fund: means the Michigan conservation and recreation legacy fund established in section 40 of article IX of the state constitution of 1963 and provided for in section 2002. See Michigan Laws 324.301

Michigan merit award trust fund: means the Michigan merit award trust fund established in section 9. See Michigan Laws 12.252

Michigan opioid healing and recovery fund: means the Michigan opioid healing and recovery fund created in section 3. See Michigan Laws 12.252

mineral: means ferrous ore or material mined for its ferrous content. See Michigan Laws 324.63101

Mineral well: means any well subject to this part. See Michigan Laws 324.62501

mining: means an operation to excavate or remove earth material that generates not less than 10,000 tons and not more than 75,000 tons of waste rock in a calendar year or disturbs not less than 1 acre and not more than 10 acres of land in a calendar year in the regular operation of a business for the primary purpose of extracting native copper by 1 or both of the following:

(i) Removing the overburden lying above natural deposits of native copper and excavating directly from the natural deposits thus exposed or by excavating directly from deposits lying exposed in their natural state. See Michigan Laws 324.63401

Mining area: means an area of land from which earth material is removed in connection with nonferrous metallic mineral mining, the lands on which material from that mining is stored or deposited, the lands on which beneficiating or treatment plants and auxiliary facilities are located, the lands on which the water reservoirs used in the nonferrous metallic mineral mining process are located, and auxiliary lands that are used in connection with the mining. See Michigan Laws 324.63201

Mining area: means all of the following:

(i) Land from which material is removed by surface or open pit mining methods. See Michigan Laws 324.63401

Mining operation: means a ferrous mineral mining operation. See Michigan Laws 324.63101

Mining permit: means a permit issued under this part for conducting nonferrous metallic mineral mining and reclamation operations. See Michigan Laws 324.63201

Minor drainage: includes ditching and tiling for the removal of excess soil moisture incidental to the planting, cultivating, protecting, or harvesting of crops or improving the productivity of land in established use for agriculture, horticulture, silviculture, or lumbering. See Michigan Laws 324.30301

Minor offense: means either of the following violations of this part if the project involved in the offense is a minor project or the department determines that restoration of the affected property is not required:

(i) The failure to obtain a permit under this part. See Michigan Laws 324.30101

month: means a calendar month; the word "year" a calendar year; and the word "year" alone shall be equivalent to the words "year of our Lord". See Michigan Laws 8.3j

Mooring structures: means structures used to moor watercraft, including, but not limited to, docks, piers, pilings, mooring anchors, lines and buoys, and boat hoists. See Michigan Laws 324.30101

Mortgage: The written agreement pledging property to a creditor as collateral for a loan.

Mortgagee: The person to whom property is mortgaged and who has loaned the money.

Motor vehicle: means any device that is self-propelled, or partially self-propelled, by which a person or property may be transported or drawn. See Michigan Laws 324.76501

Motor vehicle: means a vehicle that is self-propelled. See Michigan Laws 324.74101

Municipal issuer: means a city, village, township, county, school district, or community college district, or an agency, instrumentality, authority, or district created by 1 or more of the foregoing that is authorized by law to issue bonds. See Michigan Laws 12.112

Municipality: means a county, township, city, or village. See Michigan Laws 12.202

Municipality: means a city, village, or township. See Michigan Laws 125.942

Municipality: means a city, village, or township. See Michigan Laws 324.301

NADDI: means the national association of drug diversion investigators. See Michigan Laws 28.122

NAPL: means that term as it is defined in section 21303. See Michigan Laws 324.20101

National Bank: A bank that is subject to the supervision of the Comptroller of the Currency. The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency is a bureau of the U.S. Treasury Department. A national bank can be recognized because it must have "national" or "national association" in its name. ^{Source: OCC}

National origin: includes the national origin of an ancestor. See Michigan Laws 37.2103

Nationwide permit: means a nationwide permit issued by the United States Army Corps of Engineers under 72 FR 11091 to 11198 (March 12, 2007), including all general conditions, regional conditions, and conditions imposed by this state pursuant to a water quality certification under section 401 of title IV of the federal water pollution control act, 33 USC 1341, or a coastal zone management consistency determination under section 307 of the coastal zone management act of 1972, 16 USC 1456. See Michigan Laws 324.30301

Native copper: means copper in its elemental form. See Michigan Laws 324.63401

Natural brine: means naturally occurring mineralized water other than potable or fresh water. See Michigan Laws 324.62501

natural resources: means land, surface water, groundwater, subsurface strata, air, fish, wildlife, or biota within this state. See Michigan Laws 324.20101

Natural river: means a river that has been designated by the department for inclusion in the wild, scenic, and recreational rivers system. See Michigan Laws 324.30501

Neighborhood area: means a portion of a municipality that has been delimited as a neighborhood unit in a plan of neighborhoods adopted by the legislative body, which plan has the function of designating the service area of elementary schools, playgrounds, or other local improvements. See Michigan Laws 125.942

Net increase in wetland functions and services: means an increase in 1 or more wetland functions and services with not more than a minimal decrease in other wetland functions and services. See Michigan Laws 324.30301

No further action letter: means a written response provided by the department under section 20114d confirming that a no further action report has been approved after review by the department. See Michigan Laws 324.20101

No further action report: means a report under section 20114d detailing the completion of remedial actions and including a postclosure plan and a postclosure agreement, if appropriate. See Michigan Laws 324.20101

Nonferrous metallic mineral: means any ore or material to be excavated from the natural deposits on or in the earth for its metallic content, but not primarily for its iron or iron mineral content, to be used for commercial or industrial purposes. See Michigan Laws 324.63201

Nonprofit: means that which is exempt from taxation under section 501(c)(3) of the internal revenue code, 26 USC 501. See Michigan Laws 257.811d

Nonresident motor vehicle: means a motor vehicle other than a commercial motor vehicle that is not registered as a motor vehicle in this state. See Michigan Laws 324.74101

Nonresidential: means that category of land use for parcels of property or portions of parcels of property that is not residential. See Michigan Laws 324.20101

Normal level: means the level or levels of the water of an inland lake that provide the most benefit to the public; that best protect the public health, safety, and welfare; that best preserve the natural resources of the state; and that best preserve and protect the value of property around the lake. See Michigan Laws 324.30701

NPLEx: means the national precursor log exchange. See Michigan Laws 28.122

Oath: A promise to tell the truth.

oath: shall be construed to include the word "affirmation" in all cases where by law an affirmation may be substituted for an oath; and in like cases the word "sworn" shall be construed to include the word "affirmed". See Michigan Laws 8.3k

Obligation: An order placed, contract awarded, service received, or similar transaction during a given period that will require payments during the same or a future period.

Off-road vehicle: means ORV as it is defined in part 811, which is required to be registered under part 811. See Michigan Laws 324.71101

Operating expenses: means the reasonable operating expenses of the authority under this act, including without limitation the cost of preparation of accounting and other reports; costs of maintaining the ratings on the bonds; bond insurance premiums; costs of authority meetings or other required activities of the authority under this act; counsel fees, including the fees of the attorney general; fees and expenses incurred for consultants, advisors, and fiduciaries relating to bonds or activities of the authority authorized by this act; and any other costs arising from activities authorized in section 8(2). See Michigan Laws 12.272

Operator: means a person who is in control of or responsible for the operation of a facility. See Michigan Laws 324.20101

Operator: means the person, whether owner or not, supervising or responsible for the drilling, operating, repairing, abandoning, or plugging of wells subject to this part. See Michigan Laws 324.62501

operator: means a person who owns or leases the plant and equipment utilized in a mining area and is engaged in the business of mining ferrous minerals or preparing to engage in mining operations. See Michigan Laws 324.63101

operator: means a permittee or other person who is engaged in, or who is preparing to engage in, mining operations for nonferrous metallic minerals, whether individually or jointly, or through agents, employees, or contractors. See Michigan Laws 324.63201

Operator: means a person that is engaged in or preparing to engage in mining activities, whether individually or jointly, or through agents, employees, or contractors, and that has overall responsibility for the mining activities. See Michigan Laws 324.63401

Operator: means an owner or lessee of mineral rights or any other person engaged in or preparing to engage in sand dune mining activities with respect to mineral rights within a sand dune area. See Michigan Laws 324.63701

Optimum flow: means that rate and quantity of flow in any stream as determined in accordance with this part. See Michigan Laws 324.31301

Ordinary high-water mark: means the line between upland and bottomland that persists through successive changes in water levels, below which the presence and action of the water is so common or recurrent that the character of the land is marked distinctly from the upland and is apparent in the soil itself, the configuration of the surface of the soil, and the vegetation. See Michigan Laws 324.30101

Ordinary high-water mark: means the ordinary high-water mark as specified in section 32502. See Michigan Laws 324.30301

OTHER: means multilayer. See Michigan Laws 324.16101

Outstanding: means with respect to bonds, all bonds except those that have been paid in full at maturity or that are not outstanding under the terms of the applicable authority resolution, trust indenture, or trust agreement authorizing the issuance of the bonds. See Michigan Laws 12.272

Oversight: Committee review of the activities of a Federal agency or program.

Owner: means any person or persons, natural or corporate, owning a legal or equitable title to the land. See Michigan Laws 125.942

Owner: means a person who owns a facility. See Michigan Laws 324.20101

Owner: means the person who has the right to drill, convert, or operate any well subject to this part. See Michigan Laws 324.62501

Owner of a high-capacity well: means the person that owns or controls the parcel of property where a high-capacity well is located. See Michigan Laws 324.31701

Owner of a small-quantity well: means the person that owns or controls the parcel of property where a small-capacity well is located. See Michigan Laws 324.31701

Pack and saddle trails: means trails and equine access locations that may be used by pack and saddle animals. See Michigan Laws 324.72101

Panel: means the response activity review panel established under section 20114e. See Michigan Laws 324.20101

parent: includes an individual who is pregnant. See Michigan Laws 37.2103

Partnership: A voluntary contract between two or more persons to pool some or all of their assets into a business, with the agreement that there will be a proportional sharing of profits and losses.

peat: means a deposit of unconsolidated, naturally occurring soil material consisting of decomposed and partially decomposed mosses, sedges, trees, and other wetland plants, having 12% or greater organic carbon content on a dry weight basis. See Michigan Laws 324.64101

Permanent mail ballot voter: means a registered elector who submits a signed absent voter ballot application to receive an absent voter ballot by mail for all future elections and whose application has been verified. See Michigan Laws 168.6

permit: means a permit issued under section 63405 for conducting mining activities. See Michigan Laws 324.63401

Permitted release: means 1 or more of the following:

(i) A release in compliance with an applicable, legally enforceable permit issued under state law. See Michigan Laws 324.20101

Permittee: means a person who holds a mining permit. See Michigan Laws 324.63201

Permittee: means a person that holds a mining permit. See Michigan Laws 324.63401

Person: means an individual, partnership, corporation, association, governmental entity, or other legal entity. See Michigan Laws 4.1942

Person: means an individual, partnership, corporation, organization, or association of any kind. See Michigan Laws 10.81

Person: means an individual, corporation, limited or general partnership, association, joint venture, limited liability company, or a governmental entity, including this state. See Michigan Laws 12.272

Person: means a natural person, partnership, cooperative, association, private or public corporation, personal representative, receiver, trustee, assignee, or other legal entity. See Michigan Laws 28.71

Person: includes an individual, agent, association, corporation, joint apprenticeship committee, joint-stock company, labor union, legal representative, mutual company, partnership, receiver, trust, trustee in bankruptcy, unincorporated organization, this state, or any other legal, commercial, or governmental entity or agency. See Michigan Laws 37.1103

Person: means an individual, agent, association, corporation, joint apprenticeship committee, joint stock company, labor organization, legal representative, mutual company, partnership, receiver, trust, trustee in bankruptcy, unincorporated organization, this state or a political subdivision of this state or an agency of this state, or any other legal or commercial entity. See Michigan Laws 37.2103

Person: means an individual, partnership, corporation, association, governmental entity, or other legal entity. See Michigan Laws 324.301

Person: means an individual, corporation, business trust, estate, trust, partnership, limited liability company, association, joint venture, government, governmental subdivision, agency, or instrumentality, public corporation, or any other legal or commercial entity. See Michigan Laws 440.1201

Person: means an individual, sole proprietorship, partnership, corporation, association, municipality, this state, an instrumentality or agency of this state, the federal government, an instrumentality or agency of the federal government, or other legal entity. See Michigan Laws 324.30301

Person: means an individual, partnership, corporation, association, governmental entity, or other legal entity. See Michigan Laws 324.31701

Person: means any natural person, corporation, association, partnership, receiver, trustee, judiciary or common law trust, guardian, executor, administrator, or fiduciary of any kind. See Michigan Laws 324.63301

person: may extend and be applied to bodies politic and corporate, as well as to individuals. See Michigan Laws 8.3l

person who is liable: includes a person who is described as being subject to liability in section 20126. See Michigan Laws 324.20101

Personal property: All property that is not real property.

PETE: means polyethylene terephthalate. See Michigan Laws 324.16101

physical disability: means that term as defined in section 6 of the adult foster care facility licensing act, 1979 PA 218, MCL 400. See Michigan Laws 168.19

Place of public accommodation: means a business, or an educational, refreshment, entertainment, recreation, health, or transportation facility, or institution of any kind, whether licensed or not, whose goods, services, facilities, privileges, advantages, or accommodations are extended, offered, sold, or otherwise made available to the public. See Michigan Laws 37.2301

Plaintiff: The person who files the complaint in a civil lawsuit.

Plan: means a plan adopted by the board or boards and approved by an order of the department for the best development, utilization, and conservation of the surplus water of the state. See Michigan Laws 324.31301

Plastic: means any material made of polymeric organic compounds and additives that can be shaped by flow. See Michigan Laws 324.16101

Plastic bottle: means a rigid plastic container with a capacity of 16 ounces or more that has a neck that is smaller than the body of the container. See Michigan Laws 324.16101

Plastic product: means a plastic bottle and any other rigid plastic container. See Michigan Laws 324.16101

Plea: In a criminal case, the defendant's statement pleading "guilty" or "not guilty" in answer to the charges, a declaration made in open court.

Pleadings: Written statements of the parties in a civil case of their positions. In the federal courts, the principal pleadings are the complaint and the answer.

Political subdivision: means a county, city, village, township, school district, or special district or authority of this state. See Michigan Laws 37.2103

Pollution prevention: means all of the following:

(i) "Source reduction" as defined in the pollution prevention act of 1990, subtitle G of title VI of the omnibus budget reconciliation act of 1990, Public Law 101-508, 42 U. See Michigan Laws 324.14301

Pollution prevention: means all of the following:

(i) "Source reduction" as defined in 42 USC 13102. See Michigan Laws 324.14501

Postclosure agreement: means an agreement between the department and a person who has submitted a no further action report that prescribes, as appropriate, activities required to be undertaken upon completion of remedial actions as provided for in section 20114d. See Michigan Laws 324.20101

Postclosure monitoring period: means a period following closure of a nonferrous metallic mineral mine during which the permittee is required to conduct monitoring of groundwater and surface water. See Michigan Laws 324.63201

Postclosure plan: means a plan for land use or resource use restrictions or permanent markers at a facility upon completion of remedial actions as provided for in section 20114c. See Michigan Laws 324.20101

Potable water: means water that at the point of use is acceptable for human consumption. See Michigan Laws 324.31701

Power of attorney: A written instrument which authorizes one person to act as another's agent or attorney. The power of attorney may be for a definite, specific act, or it may be general in nature. The terms of the written power of attorney may specify when it will expire. If not, the power of attorney usually expires when the person granting it dies. ^{Source: OCC}

Preliminary costs: includes costs of the engineering feasibility report, economic study, estimate of total cost, and cost of setting up the assessment district. See Michigan Laws 324.30901

Presentence report: A report prepared by a court's probation officer, after a person has been convicted of an offense, summarizing for the court the background information needed to determine the appropriate sentence. ^{Source: U.S. Courts}

Presiding officer: A majority-party Senator who presides over the Senate and is charged with maintaining order and decorum, recognizing Members to speak, and interpreting the Senate's rules, practices and precedents.

primary election: as used in this act , shall mean a primary election held for the purpose of deciding by ballot who shall be the nominees for the offices named in this act, or for the election by ballot of delegates to political conventions. See Michigan Laws 168.7

Printer: means a printer or a multifunction or "all-in-one" device that in addition to printing performs 1 or more other operations such as copying, scanning, or faxing, that is designed to be placed on a desk or other work surface, and that may use any of various print technologies, such as laser and LED (electrographic), ink jet, dot matrix, thermal, or digital sublimation. See Michigan Laws 324.17301

Private activity bonds: means bonds, notes, or other evidences of indebtedness issued as private activity bonds as authorized by law and as defined in section 141 of the internal revenue code. See Michigan Laws 12.112

Private inland lake: means an inland lake other than a public inland lake. See Michigan Laws 324.30901

Privilege: means the privilege provided to an environmental audit report as provided in this part. See Michigan Laws 324.14801

Probable cause: A reasonable ground for belief that the offender violated a specific law.

Probate: Proving a will

Probation: A sentencing alternative to imprisonment in which the court releases convicted defendants under supervision as long as certain conditions are observed.

Project: means all of the undertakings authorized in this act for the improvement of a neighborhood area. See Michigan Laws 125.942

project: means the entire project to be undertaken, including, but not limited to, the actual site remediation and its resulting economic development. See Michigan Laws 324.19601

Project: means an activity that requires a permit pursuant to section 30102. See Michigan Laws 324.30101

Prosecute: To charge someone with a crime. A prosecutor tries a criminal case on behalf of the government.

Protected animal: means that term as defined in section 40103. See Michigan Laws 324.73101

protective hairstyles: includes , but is not limited to, such hairstyles as braids, locks, and twists. See Michigan Laws 37.2103

Public inland lake: means a lake that is accessible to the public by publicly owned lands or highways contiguous to publicly owned lands or by the bed of a stream, except the Great Lakes and connecting waters. See Michigan Laws 324.30901

Public law: A public bill or joint resolution that has passed both chambers and been enacted into law. Public laws have general applicability nationwide.

Public service: means a public facility, department, agency, board, or commission, owned, operated, or managed by or on behalf of this state, a political subdivision, or an agency of this state or of a political subdivision or a tax exempt private agency established to provide service to the public, except that public service does not include a state or county correctional facility with respect to actions and decisions regarding an individual serving a sentence of imprisonment. See Michigan Laws 37.2301

Public use: when used with reference to land reserved for that purpose, means and relates to uses for the general benefit of the public, such as schools, libraries, public institutions, administration buildings, parks, boulevards, playgrounds, streets, alleys, easements or sewers, public lighting, water, gas, or other similar utilities, or improvements. See Michigan Laws 125.942

Purchaser: means a person that takes by purchase. See Michigan Laws 440.1201

Pure Michigan Trail: means a trail designated as a "Pure Michigan Trail" under section 72103. See Michigan Laws 324.72101

Pure Michigan Trail Town: means a "Pure Michigan Trail Town" designated under section 72104. See Michigan Laws 324.72101

Pure Michigan Water Trail: means a water trail designated as a "Pure Michigan Water Trail" under section 72103. See Michigan Laws 324.72101

Qualified agricultural energy production system: means the structures, equipment, and apparatus to be used to produce a gaseous fuel from the noncombustive decomposition of agricultural biomass and the apparatus and equipment used to generate electricity or heat from the gaseous fuel or store the gaseous fuel for future generation of electricity or heat. See Michigan Laws 324.14501

qualified elector: as used in this act , means a person who possesses the qualifications of an elector as prescribed in section 1 of article II of the state constitution of 1963 and who has resided in the city or township 30 days. See Michigan Laws 168.10

Quorum: The number of legislators that must be present to do business.

Rail-trail: means a former railroad bed that is in public ownership and used as a trail. See Michigan Laws 324.72101

Rare and imperiled wetland: means any of the following:

(i) Great Lakes marsh. See Michigan Laws 324.30301

Real estate broker or salesman: means a person, whether licensed or not, who, for or with the expectation of receiving a consideration, lists, sells, purchases, exchanges, rents, or leases real property, or who negotiates or attempts to negotiate any of these activities, or who holds himself out as engaged in these activities, or who negotiates or attempts to negotiate a loan secured or to be secured by a mortgage or other encumbrance upon real property, or who is engaged in the business of listing real property in a publication; or a person employed by or acting on behalf of any of these persons. See Michigan Laws 37.1501

Real estate broker or salesperson: means a person, whether licensed or not, who, for or with the expectation of receiving a consideration, lists, sells, purchases, exchanges, rents, or leases real property; who negotiates or attempts to negotiate any of those activities; who holds oneself out as engaged in those activities; who negotiates or attempts to negotiate a loan secured or to be secured by a mortgage or other encumbrance upon real property; who is engaged in the business of listing real property in a publication; or a person employed by or acting on behalf of a real estate broker or salesperson. See Michigan Laws 37.2501

Real estate transaction: means the sale, exchange, rental, or lease of real property, or an interest therein. See Michigan Laws 37.1501

Real estate transaction: means the sale, exchange, rental, or lease of real property, or an interest in real property. See Michigan Laws 37.2501

Real property: Land, and all immovable fixtures erected on, growing on, or affixed to the land.

Real property: includes land, building improvements, land under water, waterfront property, and any and all easements, franchises, and hereditaments, corporeal or incorporeal, and every estate, interest, privilege, easement, franchise, and right to that property, or appurtenant to that property, legal or equitable, including rights-of-way, terms for years, and liens, charges, or incumbrances by mortgage, judgment, or otherwise. See Michigan Laws 125.942

Real property: includes a building, structure, mobile home, real estate, land, mobile home park, trailer park, tenement, leasehold, or an interest in a real estate cooperative or condominium. See Michigan Laws 37.1501

Reconfigure: means to, without expanding the marina, do either of the following:

(i) Change the location of the dock or docks and other mooring structures at the marina to occupy an area of the inland lake or stream that was not previously authorized by a permit issued under this part. See Michigan Laws 324.30101

Recreation improvement account: means the recreation improvement account of the Michigan conservation and recreation legacy fund provided for in section 2020. See Michigan Laws 324.71101

Recreation passport fee: means that term as defined in section 2001. See Michigan Laws 324.74101

Recreational projects: means , in addition to the activities provided for in this part, the construction, maintenance, and operation of trails and associated facilities that may be used by off-road vehicles, cross-country skiers, horseback riders, and hikers, and inland lake cleanup grants as provided by part 309. See Michigan Laws 324.71101

Recreational value: means value relating to an activity that the public engages in, or may engage in, for recreation or sport, including scuba diving and fishing. See Michigan Laws 324.76101

Recyclable materials: means that term as it is defined in section 11505. See Michigan Laws 324.17501

Recycled paper: means a paper product that contains not less than 50% wastepaper. See Michigan Laws 324.16501

Recycler: means a person who as a principal component of business operations acquires covered electronic devices and sorts and processes the covered electronic devices to facilitate recycling or resource recovery techniques. See Michigan Laws 324.17301

Recycling: means an action or process, such as separation, sorting, baling, or shipping, applied to reportable recyclable materials for the purposes of reuse or conversion into raw materials or new products. See Michigan Laws 324.17501

Recycling establishment: means an establishment engaged in recycling of, or brokering of, reportable recyclable materials. See Michigan Laws 324.17501

Regular election: means an election held on a regular election date to elect an individual to, or nominate an individual for, elective office in the regular course of the terms of that elective office. See Michigan Laws 168.3

Release: includes , but is not limited to, any spilling, leaking, pumping, pouring, emitting, emptying, discharging, injecting, escaping, leaching, dumping, or disposing of a hazardous substance into the environment, or the abandonment or discarding of barrels, containers, and other closed receptacles containing a hazardous substance. See Michigan Laws 324.20101

Remainder: An interest in property that takes effect in the future at a specified time or after the occurrence of some event, such as the death of a life tenant.

Remand: When an appellate court sends a case back to a lower court for further proceedings.

Remedial action: includes , but is not limited to, cleanup, removal, containment, isolation, destruction, or treatment of a hazardous substance released or threatened to be released into the environment, monitoring, maintenance, or the taking of other actions that may be necessary to prevent, minimize, or mitigate injury to the public health, safety, or welfare, or to the environment. See Michigan Laws 324.20101

Remedial action plan: means a work plan for performing remedial action under this part. See Michigan Laws 324.20101

Reporter: Makes a record of court proceedings and prepares a transcript, and also publishes the court's opinions or decisions (in the courts of appeals).

Reporting agency: means 1 of the following:

(i) If property is seized by or forfeited to a local unit of government, that local unit of government. See Michigan Laws 28.117

Rescission: The cancellation of budget authority previously provided by Congress. The Impoundment Control Act of 1974 specifies that the President may propose to Congress that funds be rescinded. If both Houses have not approved a rescission proposal (by passing legislation) within 45 days of continuous session, any funds being withheld must be made available for obligation.

Residence: as used in this act , for registration and voting purposes means that place at which a person habitually sleeps, keeps his or her personal effects, and has a regular place of lodging. See Michigan Laws 168.11

Resident motor vehicle: means a motor vehicle other than a commercial motor vehicle that is registered as a motor vehicle in this state. See Michigan Laws 324.74101

Residential: means that category of land use for parcels of property or portions of parcels of property where people live and sleep for significant periods of time such that the frequency of exposure is reasonably expected or foreseeable to meet the exposure assumptions used by the department to develop generic residential cleanup criteria as set forth in rules promulgated under this part. See Michigan Laws 324.20101

Response activity: means that term as it is defined in part 201 or corrective action as defined in part 213. See Michigan Laws 324.19601

Response activity: means evaluation, interim response activity, remedial action, demolition, providing an alternative water supply, or the taking of other actions necessary to protect the public health, safety, or welfare, or the environment or the natural resources. See Michigan Laws 324.20101

Response activity plan: means a plan for undertaking response activities. See Michigan Laws 324.20101

Restitution: The court-ordered payment of money by the defendant to the victim for damages caused by the criminal action.

Retailer: means a place of business that offers consumer products for sale to the general public. See Michigan Laws 10.121

Retailer: means a person who sells or offers for sale new, retreaded, or remanufactured tires to consumers in this state. See Michigan Laws 324.16901

Retailer: means a person who sells or offers to sell batteries to consumers within this state. See Michigan Laws 324.17101

Retailer: means a person that sells a covered electronic device to a consumer by any means, including transactions conducted through sales outlets, catalogs, mail order, or the internet, whether or not the person has a physical presence in this state. See Michigan Laws 324.17301

RETAP: means the retired engineers technical assistance program created in section 14511. See Michigan Laws 324.14501

Retreader: means a person who retreads, recases, or recaps tire casings for reuse. See Michigan Laws 324.16901

Revolving credit: A credit agreement (typically a credit card) that allows a customer to borrow against a preapproved credit line when purchasing goods and services. The borrower is only billed for the amount that is actually borrowed plus any interest due. (Also called a charge account or open-end credit.) ^{Source: OCC}

Right: includes remedy. See Michigan Laws 440.1201

Rigid plastic container: means any container composed predominantly of plastic resin and having a relatively inflexible finite shape or form that directly holds a substance or material and has a capacity of 8 ounces or more. See Michigan Laws 324.16101

Riparian interest area: means that portion of an inland lake or stream over which a riparian owner has an ownership interest. See Michigan Laws 324.30101

Riparian owner: means a person who has riparian rights. See Michigan Laws 324.30101

Riparian rights: means those rights which are associated with the ownership of the bank or shore of an inland lake or stream. See Michigan Laws 324.30101

River: means a flowing body of water or a portion or tributary of a flowing body of water, including streams, creeks, or impoundments and small lakes thereon. See Michigan Laws 324.30501

River management: means the control of river flow by the operation of dams, reservoirs, conduits, and other human-made devices in order to improve and expand the uses of the river for those who depend upon it for a variety of private and public benefits. See Michigan Laws 324.31101

Royalty interest: means that share of the product or profit that the owner of the land or mineral rights in the land reserves or is entitled to, whether under a lease or under this part, in consideration of permitting the development of the mineral rights. See Michigan Laws 324.63301

Rule: means a rule promulgated pursuant to the administrative procedures act of 1969, Act No. See Michigan Laws 24.422

Rule: means a rule promulgated pursuant to the administrative procedures act of 1969, 1969 PA 306, MCL 24. See Michigan Laws 324.301

Sand dune area: means that area designated by the department that includes those geomorphic features composed primarily of sand, whether windblown or of other origin and that lies within 2 miles of the ordinary high-water mark on a Great Lake as defined in section 32502, and includes critical dune areas as defined in part 353. See Michigan Laws 324.63701

Sand dune mining: means the removal of sand from sand dune areas for commercial or industrial purposes, or both. See Michigan Laws 324.63701

School district: means a school district, a local act school district, or an intermediate school district, as those terms are defined in the revised school code, 1976 PA 451, MCL 380. See Michigan Laws 168.4

Scrap tire: means a tire that is no longer being used for its original intended purpose including, but not limited to, a used tire, a reusable tire casing, or portions of a tire. See Michigan Laws 324.16901

Scrap tire hauler: means a person who transports more than 10 scrap tires at once in a vehicle on a public road or street. See Michigan Laws 324.16901

Scrap tire processor: means either of the following:

(i) A person who is authorized by this part to accumulate scrap tires and is engaged in the business of buying or otherwise acquiring scrap tires and reducing their volume by shredding or otherwise facilitating recycling or resource recovery techniques for scrap tires. See Michigan Laws 324.16901

seal: means a seal of high tensile strength that is approved by the secretary of state under section 36. See Michigan Laws 168.14a

seal: shall be construed to include any of the following:

(a) The impression of the seal on the paper alone. See Michigan Laws 8.3n

Seawall: means a vertically sloped wall constructed to break the force of waves and retain soil for the purpose of shore protection. See Michigan Laws 324.30101

Security interest: means an interest in personal property or fixtures which secures payment or performance of an obligation. See Michigan Laws 440.1201

Security interest: means any interest, including a reversionary interest, in real property created or established for the purpose of securing a loan or other obligation. See Michigan Laws 324.20101

Service of process: The service of writs or summonses to the appropriate party.

Settlement: Parties to a lawsuit resolve their difference without having a trial. Settlements often involve the payment of compensation by one party in satisfaction of the other party's claims.

Sex: includes , but is not limited to, pregnancy, childbirth, the termination of a pregnancy, or a related medical condition. See Michigan Laws 37.2201

Sexual orientation: means having an orientation for heterosexuality, homosexuality, or bisexuality or having a history of such an orientation or being identified with such an orientation. See Michigan Laws 37.2103

shall not apply: means that the pertinent provision is not operative as to certain persons or things or in conjunction with a particular date or dates. See Michigan Laws 8.4c

signature on file: means any of the following:

(a) Any signature of an elector contained in the qualified voter file. See Michigan Laws 168.766a

Small business: means a business that is not dominant in its field as described in 13 C. See Michigan Laws 324.14501

Small business: means a business with 10 or fewer employees. See Michigan Laws 324.17301

Small-quantity well: means 1 or more water wells of a person at the same location that, in the aggregate from all sources and by all methods, do not have the capability of withdrawing 100,000 or more gallons of groundwater in 1 day. See Michigan Laws 324.31701

Snowmobile account: means the snowmobile account of the Michigan conservation and recreation legacy fund provided for in section 2025. See Michigan Laws 324.71101

Source: means any storage, handling, distribution, or processing equipment from which the release originates and first enters the environment. See Michigan Laws 324.20101

Special election: means an election to elect an individual to, or nominate an individual for, a partial term in office or to submit a ballot question to the electors. See Michigan Laws 168.4

Stamp sands: means finely grained crushed rock resulting from mining, milling, or smelting of copper ore and includes native substances contained within the crushed rock and any ancillary material associated with the crushed rock. See Michigan Laws 324.20101

state: when applied to the different parts of the United States, shall be construed to extend to and include the District of Columbia and the several territories belonging to the United States; and the words "United States" shall be construed to include the district and territories. See Michigan Laws 8.3o

State issuer: means the state of Michigan, an agency, authority, or other instrumentality created by the laws of this state, the governing body of which is composed of members elected by the people or appointed in whole or in part by a state officer, or a state college or university listed or described in section 4 of article VIII of the state constitution of 1963, which entity is authorized to issue bonds. See Michigan Laws 12.112

State park: means a state park or state recreation area designated by the director. See Michigan Laws 324.74101

State park: means a state park or state recreation area designated by the director. See Michigan Laws 324.74301

State park improvement account: means the state park improvement account of the Michigan conservation and recreation legacy fund provided for in section 2030. See Michigan Laws 324.74101

State park revenues: means all revenues collected for state parks, including but not limited to, revenue from recreation passport fees, motor vehicle permits, concession fees, nonmotorized trail permits, fees, leases, camping fees, sale of farm animals from Maybury state park, donations, and gifts. See Michigan Laws 324.74101

State treasurer: means the state treasurer of this state or his or her designee, if the designee is authorized to exercise delegated signatory power for purposes of this act in a written instrument signed by the state treasurer and maintained in a permanent file. See Michigan Laws 12.272

Statewide trail network: means the statewide trail network established in section 72114. See Michigan Laws 324.72101

Statute: A law passed by a legislature.

Stockpile: means material, including, but not limited to, surface overburden, rock, or lean ore, that in the process of ferrous mineral mining and beneficiation or treatment has been removed from the earth and stored on the surface. See Michigan Laws 324.63101

Stockpile: means material, including, but not limited to, surface overburden, rock, or lean ore, that in the process of mining and beneficiation or treatment has been removed from the earth and stored on the surface. See Michigan Laws 324.63201

Storage well: means a well drilled into a subsurface formation to develop an underground storage cavity for subsequent use in storage operations. See Michigan Laws 324.62501

Strategic outreach and attraction reserve fund: means the strategic outreach and attraction reserve fund created in section 4. See Michigan Laws 12.252

Structure: includes a wharf, dock, pier, seawall, dam, weir, stream deflector, breakwater, groin, jetty, sewer, pipeline, cable, and bridge. See Michigan Laws 324.30101

Subpoena: A command to a witness to appear and give testimony.

Supervisor of mineral wells: means the state geologist. See Michigan Laws 324.62501

Supervisor of reclamation: means the department. See Michigan Laws 324.63101

Supplemental appropriation: Budget authority provided in an appropriations act in addition to regular or continuing appropriations already provided. Supplemental appropriations generally are made to cover emergencies, such as disaster relief, or other needs deemed too urgent to be postponed until the enactment of next year's regular appropriations act.

Surface or open pit mining: means the mining of more than 10,000 tons of a ferrous mineral or disturbing more than 1 acre of land a year in the regular operation of a business either by removing the overburden lying above a natural deposit of a ferrous mineral and mining directly from the natural deposit exposed or by mining directly from a deposit lying exposed in the ferrous mineral's natural state. See Michigan Laws 324.63101

Surplus water: means water that may be impounded without decreasing the flow of a river or stream below its optimum flow. See Michigan Laws 324.31301

System: means all of those rivers or portions of rivers designated under this part. See Michigan Laws 324.30501

Tailings basin: means land on which is deposited, by hydraulic or other means, the material that is separated from the metallic product in the beneficiation or treatment of minerals and includes any surrounding dikes constructed to contain the material. See Michigan Laws 324.63201

takeback program: means a computer takeback program or a video display device takeback program. See Michigan Laws 324.17301

taking: means the taking of private property by government action such that compensation to the owner of that property is required by either of the following:

(i) Amendment V or XIV of the constitution of the United States. See Michigan Laws 24.422

Target detection limit: means the detection limit for a hazardous substance in a given environmental medium that is specified in a rule promulgated by the department. See Michigan Laws 324.20101

teacher: as used in this act means a certificated individual employed for a full school year by any board of education or controlling board. See Michigan Laws 38.71

Term: means a portion of an agreement that relates to a particular matter. See Michigan Laws 440.1201

Test well: means a well, core hole, core test, observation well, or other well drilled from the surface to determine the presence of a mineral, mineral resource, ore, or rock unit, or to obtain geological or geophysical information or other subsurface data related to mineral exploration and extraction. See Michigan Laws 324.62501

Testify: Answer questions in court.

Testimony: Evidence presented orally by witnesses during trials or before grand juries.

Thermostat: means a consumer product that uses a switch that contains mercury or a mercury compound to sense and control room temperature, including room temperature in residential, commercial, industrial, and other buildings, by communicating with heating, ventilating, or air-conditioning equipment. See Michigan Laws 324.17201

this part: includes "rules promulgated under this part". See Michigan Laws 324.20101

threat of release: means any circumstance that may reasonably be anticipated to cause a release. See Michigan Laws 324.20101

Tire: means a continuous solid or pneumatic rubber covering encircling the wheel of a tractor or other farm machinery or of a vehicle. See Michigan Laws 324.16901

Tobacco settlement revenue: means money received by this state that is attributable to the master settlement agreement incorporated into a consent decree and final judgment entered into on December 7, 1998 in Kelly Ex Rel. See Michigan Laws 12.252

Tort: A civil wrong or breach of a duty to another person, as outlined by law. A very common tort is negligent operation of a motor vehicle that results in property damage and personal injury in an automobile accident.

Tract: means tract as that term is used by the United States department of commerce, bureau of the census in conducting the 2010 decennial census. See Michigan Laws 4.2006

Trail: means a right-of-way adapted to foot, horseback, motorized, or other nonmotorized travel. See Michigan Laws 324.72101

trail: means a right-of-way adapted to foot or horseback travel. See Michigan Laws 324.72301

Transcript: A written, word-for-word record of what was said, either in a proceeding such as a trial or during some other conversation, as in a transcript of a hearing or oral deposition.

Transportation administration collection fund: means the fund created under section 810b. See Michigan Laws 257.811d

Treasurer: means the state treasurer or a deputy or employee of the department of treasury that the state treasurer authorizes to act under this act. See Michigan Laws 12.112

Trial: A hearing that takes place when the defendant pleads "not guilty" and witnesses are required to come to court to give evidence.

Trust account: A general term that covers all types of accounts in a trust department, such as estates, guardianships, and agencies. ^{Source: OCC}

Trustee: A person or institution holding and administering property in trust.

Underground waste: means damage or injury to potable water, mineralized water, or other subsurface resources. See Michigan Laws 324.62501

Unified volume limitation: means the ceiling for this state on the aggregate amount of bonds that may be issued by all issuers in the state as prescribed by section 146 of the internal revenue code for a particular year. See Michigan Laws 12.112

Uniform Commercial Code: A set of statutes enacted by the various states to provide consistency among the states' commercial laws. It includes negotiable instruments, sales, stock transfers, trust and warehouse receipts, and bills of lading. ^{Source: OCC}

Uniformed and overseas citizens absentee voting act: means the uniformed and overseas citizens absentee voting act, 42 USC 1973ff to 1973ff-6. See Michigan Laws 168.18

United States: shall be construed to include the district and territories. See Michigan Laws 8.3o

United States Department of Defense verified electronic signature: means the certificate-based digital identification code issued to qualified personnel by the United States Department of Defense as part of the Common Access Card, or its successor. See Michigan Laws 168.18a

Upland: means the land area that lies above the ordinary high-water mark. See Michigan Laws 324.30101

utility line: means any pipe or pipeline used for the transportation of any gaseous, liquid, liquescent, or slurry substance, for any purpose, and any cable, line, or wire for the transmission for any purpose of electrical energy, telephone or telegraph messages, or radio or television communication. See Michigan Laws 324.30305

Vehicle: means a device in, upon, or by which a person or property is or may be transported or drawn upon a highway. See Michigan Laws 324.16901

Venting groundwater: means groundwater that is entering a surface water of this state from a facility. See Michigan Laws 324.20101

Venue: The geographical location in which a case is tried.

Verdict: The decision of a petit jury or a judge.

Vessel: means all watercraft except the following:

(i) Watercraft used for commercial fishing. See Michigan Laws 324.71101

Veto: The procedure established under the Constitution by which the President/Governor refuses to approve a bill or joint resolution and thus prevents its enactment into law. A regular veto occurs when the President/Governor returns the legislation to the house in which it originated. The President/Governor usually returns a vetoed bill with a message indicating his reasons for rejecting the measure. In Congress, the veto can be overridden only by a two-thirds vote in both the Senate and the House.

Video display device: means an electronic device with a viewable screen of 4 inches or larger that contains a tuner that locks on to a selected carrier frequency and is capable of receiving and displaying television or video programming via broadcast, cable, or satellite. See Michigan Laws 324.17301

Video display device takeback program: means a program required under section 17305(d). See Michigan Laws 324.17301

village: as used in this act , shall mean an incorporated village. See Michigan Laws 168.9

Voting accessibility for the elderly and handicapped act: means the voting accessibility for the elderly and handicapped act, 42 USC 1973ee to 1973ee-6. See Michigan Laws 168.18

Warehouse: means a person engaged in the business of storing goods for hire. See Michigan Laws 440.7102

Warehouse receipt: means a document of title issued by a person engaged in the business of storing goods for hire. See Michigan Laws 440.1201

Waste rock: means earth material that is excavated during mining, from which the economically recoverable native copper has been separated, and that is stored on the surface for 1 year or more. See Michigan Laws 324.63401

Wastepaper: means any discarded paper or corrugated paper board that is generated after the completion of the paper manufacturing process, and includes, but is not limited to, trimmings, printed paper, cutting and converting paper, newsprint, telephone books, catalogs, or other mixed postconsumer paper. See Michigan Laws 324.16501

Water dependent: means requiring access or proximity to or siting within an aquatic site to fulfill its basic purpose. See Michigan Laws 324.30301

Water table: means the surface in an unconfined aquifer at which the pressure is atmospheric. See Michigan Laws 324.63701

Water trail: means a designated route on a body of water. See Michigan Laws 324.72101

Water well: means an opening in the surface of the earth, however constructed, that is used for the purpose of withdrawing groundwater. See Michigan Laws 324.31701

Watercraft: means any contrivance that is used or designed for navigation on water, including, but not limited to, any vessel, ship, boat, motor vessel, steam vessel, vessel operated by machinery, motorboat, sailboat, barge, scow, tugboat, and rowboat, but does not include watercraft used or owned by the United States. See Michigan Laws 324.71101

Watershed: means the drainage area of a stream. See Michigan Laws 324.31101

Watershed: means a geographic area in the state within which surface water drains into a common river, stream, or body of water. See Michigan Laws 324.31201

Watershed alliance: means an organization established under section 31202. See Michigan Laws 324.31201

Waterways account: means the waterways account of the Michigan conservation and recreation legacy fund provided for in section 2035. See Michigan Laws 324.71101

Well drilling contractor: means a well drilling contractor registered under part 127 of the public health code, 1978 PA 368, MCL 333. See Michigan Laws 324.31701

Wetland: means a land or water feature, commonly referred to as a bog, swamp, or marsh, inundated or saturated by water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances does support, hydric soils and a predominance of wetland vegetation or aquatic life. See Michigan Laws 324.30301

Wetland functions and services: means any of the following:

(i) Wetland hydrology that approximates the predisturbance condition or that emulates the natural condition of the wetland. See Michigan Laws 324.30301

Writ: A formal written command, issued from the court, requiring the performance of a specific act.

Zinc carbon battery: means a dry cell battery containing manganese dioxide and zinc electrodes and an electrolyte consisting of ammonium chloride or a zinc chloride solution, or both. See Michigan Laws 324.17101