Michigan Laws > Chapter 600 > Act 236 of 1961 > Chapter 87 – Municipal Civil Infractions
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Terms Used In Michigan Laws > Chapter 600 > Act 236 of 1961 > Chapter 87 - Municipal Civil Infractions
- Advertisement: means a message or material transmitted over a facsimile machine for the purpose of inducing, or which is likely to induce, directly or indirectly, the purchase of real property, goods, or services. See Michigan Laws 445.1771
- Answer: The formal written statement by a defendant responding to a civil complaint and setting forth the grounds for defense.
- Appeal: A request made after a trial, asking another court (usually the court of appeals) to decide whether the trial was conducted properly. To make such a request is "to appeal" or "to take an appeal." One who appeals is called the appellant.
- Arrest: Taking physical custody of a person by lawful authority.
- Authorized local official: means a police officer or other personnel of a county, city, village, township, or regional parks and recreation commission created under section 2 of 1965 PA 261, MCL 46. See Michigan Laws 600.8701
- Buyer: means a person who is solicited to purchase or who purchases the services of a credit services organization. See Michigan Laws 445.1822
- Chief judge: The judge who has primary responsibility for the administration of a court but also decides cases; chief judges are determined by seniority.
- Citation: means a written complaint or notice to appear in court upon which an authorized local official records the occurrence or existence of 1 or more municipal civil infractions by the person cited. See Michigan Laws 600.8701
- Civil infraction: means an act or omission that is prohibited by a law and is not a crime under that law or that is prohibited by an ordinance, as defined in section 8701, and is not a crime under that ordinance, and for which civil sanctions may be ordered. See Michigan Laws 600.113
- Civil infraction action: means a civil action in which the defendant is alleged to be responsible for a civil infraction. See Michigan Laws 600.113
- Complaint: A written statement by the plaintiff stating the wrongs allegedly committed by the defendant.
- Contract: A legal written agreement that becomes binding when signed.
- Contract: means any oral or written agreement. See Michigan Laws 445.1802
- Corporation: A legal entity owned by the holders of shares of stock that have been issued, and that can own, receive, and transfer property, and carry on business in its own name.
- Credit services organization: means , except as otherwise provided in subdivision (c), a person who, in return for consideration, attempts to sell, provide, or perform 1 or more of the following:
(i) The improvement of a person's credit record, history, or rating. See Michigan Laws 445.1822Damages: Money paid by defendants to successful plaintiffs in civil cases to compensate the plaintiffs for their injuries. Defendant: In a civil suit, the person complained against; in a criminal case, the person accused of the crime. Department: means the department of the attorney general. See Michigan Laws 445.1771 Distributor: means a person, including any affiliate of the person, who meets either of the following requirements:
(i) Purchases motor fuel for sale, consignment, or distribution to another. See Michigan Laws 445.1802Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other. Extension of credit: means the right to defer payment of debt or to incur debt. See Michigan Laws 445.1822 Facsimile machine: means a machine which electronically transmits facsimiles of documents through connection with a telephone network. See Michigan Laws 445.1771 Fair Credit Reporting Act: A federal law, established in 1971 and revised in 1997, that gives consumers the right to see their credit records and correct any mistakes. Source: OCC Foreclosure: A legal process in which property that is collateral or security for a loan may be sold to help repay the loan when the loan is in default. Source: OCC Franchise: means a contract between a refiner and a retailer or between a distributor and a retailer, under which a refiner or distributor authorizes or permits a retailer to use, in connection with the sale, consignment, or distribution of gasoline, diesel, gasohol, or aviation fuel, a trademark that is owned or controlled by a refiner, or by a refiner that supplies fuel to the distributor that authorizes or permits such use. See Michigan Laws 445.1802 Franchisee: means a retailer who is authorized or permitted, under a franchise, to use a trademark in connection with the sale, consignment, or distribution of fuel. See Michigan Laws 445.1802 Franchisor: means a refiner or distributor who authorizes or permits, under a franchise, a retailer to use a trademark in connection with the sale, consignment, or distribution of fuel. See Michigan Laws 445.1802 in writing: shall be construed to include printing, engraving, and lithographing; except that if the written signature of a person is required by law, the signature shall be the proper handwriting of the person or, if the person is unable to write, the person's proper mark, which may be, unless otherwise expressly prohibited by law, a clear and classifiable fingerprint of the person made with ink or another substance. See Michigan Laws 8.3q Injunction: An order of the court prohibiting (or compelling) the performance of a specific act to prevent irreparable damage or injury. judgment: as used in this act , includes decree. See Michigan Laws 600.112 Jurisdiction: (1) The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a case. Concurrent jurisdiction exists when two courts have simultaneous responsibility for the same case. (2) The geographic area over which the court has authority to decide cases. Lease: A contract transferring the use of property or occupancy of land, space, structures, or equipment in consideration of a payment (e.g., rent). Source: OCC Lien: A claim against real or personal property in satisfaction of a debt. Marketing premises: means , in the case of any franchise, premises that, under the franchise, are to be employed by the franchisee in connection with the sale, consignment, or distribution of motor fuel. See Michigan Laws 445.1802 Mortgage: The written agreement pledging property to a creditor as collateral for a loan. Motor fuel: means gasoline and diesel fuel of a type distributed for use as a fuel in self-propelled vehicles designed primarily for use on public streets, roads, and highways. See Michigan Laws 445.1802 Municipal civil infraction: means a civil infraction involving a violation of an ordinance, as defined in section 8701. See Michigan Laws 600.113 Obligation: An order placed, contract awarded, service received, or similar transaction during a given period that will require payments during the same or a future period. Ordinance: includes a temporary vessel speed limit established by a county emergency management coordinator or sheriff under section 80146 of the natural resources and environmental protection act, 1994 PA 451, MCL 324. See Michigan Laws 600.8701 Partnership: A voluntary contract between two or more persons to pool some or all of their assets into a business, with the agreement that there will be a proportional sharing of profits and losses. Person: means an individual, partnership, association, corporation, or other legal entity. See Michigan Laws 445.1771 Person: means an individual, partnership, corporation, limited liability company, association, or other legal entity. See Michigan Laws 445.1822 person: may extend and be applied to bodies politic and corporate, as well as to individuals. See Michigan Laws 8.3l Plaintiff: The person who files the complaint in a civil lawsuit. Probable cause: A reasonable ground for belief that the offender violated a specific law. Public law: A public bill or joint resolution that has passed both chambers and been enacted into law. Public laws have general applicability nationwide. Refiner: means a person engaged in the refining of crude oil to produce motor fuel, and includes any affiliate of the person. See Michigan Laws 445.1802 Retailer: means any person who purchases motor fuel for sale to the general public for ultimate consumption. See Michigan Laws 445.1802 Service of process: The service of writs or summonses to the appropriate party. shall not apply: means that the pertinent provision is not operative as to certain persons or things or in conjunction with a particular date or dates. See Michigan Laws 8.4c state: when applied to the different parts of the United States, shall be construed to extend to and include the District of Columbia and the several territories belonging to the United States; and the words "United States" shall be construed to include the district and territories. See Michigan Laws 8.3o Statute: A law passed by a legislature. Subpoena: A command to a witness to appear and give testimony. Summons: Another word for subpoena used by the criminal justice system. Trailway municipal civil infraction: means a municipal civil infraction involving the operation of a vehicle on a recreational trailway at a time, in a place, or in a manner prohibited by ordinance. See Michigan Laws 600.113 Trial: A hearing that takes place when the defendant pleads "not guilty" and witnesses are required to come to court to give evidence. Venue: The geographical location in which a case is tried. Writ: A formal written command, issued from the court, requiring the performance of a specific act.