Terms Used In Rhode Island General Laws > Chapter 5-49 - Hearing Aid Dealers and Fitters

• Administrator: means the tax administrator;

  (2)  "Cigarettes" means and includes any cigarettes suitable for smoking in cigarette form, and each sheet of cigarette rolling paper, including but not limited to, paper made into a hollow cylinder or cone, made with paper or any other material, with or without a filter suitable for use in making cigarettes;

  (3)  "Dealer" means any person whether located within or outside of this state, who sells or distributes cigarettes and/or other tobacco products to a consumer in this state;

  (4)  "Distributor" means any person:

  (A)  Whether located within or outside of this state, other than a dealer, who sells or distributes cigarettes and/or other tobacco products within or into this state. See Rhode Island General Laws 44-20-1

• Administrator: means the tax administrator;

  (2)  "Dealer" means any person whether located within or outside of this state, who sells or distributes little cigars to a consumer in this state;

  (3)  "Distributor" means any person:

  (i)  Whether located within or outside of this state, other than a dealer, who sells or distributes little cigars within or into this state. See Rhode Island General Laws 44-20.2-1

• Admission: means all charges established for admission except those specifically designated as service charges;

  (2)  "Licensee" means a person conducting racing events at which betting under the pari-mutuel system is permitted;

  (3)  "Person" includes, but is not limited to, individuals, associations, and corporations;

  (4)  "Racing event" means a racing event at which pari-mutuel betting is permitted;

  (5)  "Seller" means a person required by this chapter to collect any tax imposed under this chapter. See Rhode Island General Laws 44-29-1

• Advance: means a sum equal to one hundred percent (100%) of the full amount of the tax which a corporation estimates it will be required to pay under the provisions of any of the chapters enumerated in subdivision (2) of this subsection, or in any act or acts in lieu, addition or amendment of those chapters. See Rhode Island General Laws 44-26-1
• Affidavit: A written statement of facts confirmed by the oath of the party making it, before a notary or officer having authority to administer oaths.
• Amendment: A proposal to alter the text of a pending bill or other measure by striking out some of it, by inserting new language, or both. Before an amendment becomes part of the measure, thelegislature must agree to it.
• Amortization: Paying off a loan by regular installments.
• Annuity: A periodic (usually annual) payment of a fixed sum of money for either the life of the recipient or for a fixed number of years. A series of payments under a contract from an insurance company, a trust company, or an individual. Annuity payments are made at regular intervals over a period of more than one full year.
• Answer: The formal written statement by a defendant responding to a civil complaint and setting forth the grounds for defense.
• Appeal: A request made after a trial, asking another court (usually the court of appeals) to decide whether the trial was conducted properly. To make such a request is "to appeal" or "to take an appeal." One who appeals is called the appellant.
• Appellate: About appeals; an appellate court has the power to review the judgement of another lower court or tribunal.
• Appraisal: A determination of property value.
• Appropriation: The provision of funds, through an annual appropriations act or a permanent law, for federal agencies to make payments out of the Treasury for specified purposes. The formal federal spending process consists of two sequential steps: authorization
• Arrest: Taking physical custody of a person by lawful authority.
• Assets: (1) The property comprising the estate of a deceased person, or (2) the property in a trust account.
• Attachment: A procedure by which a person's property is seized to pay judgments levied by the court.
• Attorney-in-fact: A person who, acting as an agent, is given written authorization by another person to transact business for him (her) out of court.
• Audiologist: means an individual licensed to practice audiology by the department of health. See Rhode Island General Laws 5-49-1
• Bankruptcy: Refers to statutes and judicial proceedings involving persons or businesses that cannot pay their debts and seek the assistance of the court in getting a fresh start. Under the protection of the bankruptcy court, debtors may discharge their debts, perhaps by paying a portion of each debt. Bankruptcy judges preside over these proceedings.
• Beneficiary: A person who is entitled to receive the benefits or proceeds of a will, trust, insurance policy, retirement plan, annuity, or other contract. ^{Source: OCC}
• Bequest: Property gifted by will.
• Board: means the board of hearing aid dealers and fitters. See Rhode Island General Laws 5-49-1
• Chambers: A judge's office.
• Claimant: means a property owner or lessee, who has filed a claim under this chapter and was domiciled in this state for the entire calendar year for which he or she files a claim for relief under this chapter. See Rhode Island General Laws 44-30.3-3
• Complaint: A written statement by the plaintiff stating the wrongs allegedly committed by the defendant.
• Contemplation of death: The expectation of death that provides the primary motive to make a gift.
• Continuance: Putting off of a hearing ot trial until a later time.
• Contract: A legal written agreement that becomes binding when signed.
• Conviction: A judgement of guilt against a criminal defendant.
• Corporation: A legal entity owned by the holders of shares of stock that have been issued, and that can own, receive, and transfer property, and carry on business in its own name.
• Corporation: means every corporation, utility, banking institution, insurance company, organization, or association subject to taxation under chapters 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, and 17 of this title, § 27-3-38, or under any special act or acts in lieu of the provisions of these chapters and section, or in addition to or amendment of these chapters and section. See Rhode Island General Laws 44-26-1
• Damages: Money paid by defendants to successful plaintiffs in civil cases to compensate the plaintiffs for their injuries.
• Decedent: A deceased person.
• Deed: The legal instrument used to transfer title in real property from one person to another.
• Department: means the department of health. See Rhode Island General Laws 5-49-1
• Dependent: A person dependent for support upon another.
• Discovery: Lawyers' examination, before trial, of facts and documents in possession of the opponents to help the lawyers prepare for trial.
• Donee: The recipient of a gift.
• Electronic funds transfer: The transfer of money between accounts by consumer electronic systems-such as automated teller machines (ATMs) and electronic payment of bills-rather than by check or cash. (Wire transfers, checks, drafts, and paper instruments do not fall into this category.) ^{Source: OCC}
• Equitable: Pertaining to civil suits in "equity" rather than in "law." In English legal history, the courts of "law" could order the payment of damages and could afford no other remedy. See damages. A separate court of "equity" could order someone to do something or to cease to do something. See, e.g., injunction. In American jurisprudence, the federal courts have both legal and equitable power, but the distinction is still an important one. For example, a trial by jury is normally available in "law" cases but not in "equity" cases. ^{Source: U.S. Courts}
• Escrow: Money given to a third party to be held for payment until certain conditions are met.
• Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other.
• Executor: A male person named in a will to carry out the decedent
• Fair market value: The price at which an asset would change hands in a transaction between a willing, informed buyer and a willing, informed seller.
• Farmland: means :

  (i)  Any tract or tracts of land, including woodland and wasteland constituting a farm unit;

  (ii)  Land which is actively devoted to agricultural or horticultural use including, but not limited to: forages and sod crops; grains and feed crops; fruits and vegetables; poultry, dairy, and other livestock and their products; nursery, floral, and greenhouse products; other food or fiber products useful to people;

  (iii)  When meeting the requirements and qualifications for payments pursuant to a soil conservation program under an agreement with the federal government, the director of environmental management is authorized to promulgate and adopt rules and regulations defining particular categories and minimum acreages of land eligible for designation as farmland under this chapter. See Rhode Island General Laws 44-27-2

• Fee simple: Absolute title to property with no limitations or restrictions regarding the person who may inherit it.
• Fiduciary: A trustee, executor, or administrator.
• Fiscal year: The fiscal year is the accounting period for the government. For the federal government, this begins on October 1 and ends on September 30. The fiscal year is designated by the calendar year in which it ends; for example, fiscal year 2006 begins on October 1, 2005 and ends on September 30, 2006.
• Foreclosure: A legal process in which property that is collateral or security for a loan may be sold to help repay the loan when the loan is in default. ^{Source: OCC}
• Forest land: means any tract or contiguous tracts of land, ten (10) acres or larger bearing a dense growth of trees, including any underbrush, and having either the quality of self perpetuation, or being dependent upon its development by the planting and replanting of trees in stands of closely growing timber, actively managed under a forest management plan approved by the director of environmental management. See Rhode Island General Laws 44-27-2
• Fraud: Intentional deception resulting in injury to another.
• Freedom of Information Act: A federal law that mandates that all the records created and kept by federal agencies in the executive branch of government must be open for public inspection and copying. The only exceptions are those records that fall into one of nine exempted categories listed in the statute. ^{Source: OCC}
• Gift: A voluntary transfer or conveyance of property without consideration, or for less than full and adequate consideration based on fair market value.
• Grace period: The number of days you'll have to pay your bill for purchases in full without triggering a finance charge. ^{Source: Federal Reserve}
• Grantor: The person who establishes a trust and places property into it.
• Gross estate: The total fair market value of all property and property interests, real and personal, tangible and intangible, of which a decedent had beneficial ownership at the time of death before subtractions for deductions, debts, administrative expenses, and casualty losses suffered during estate administration.
• Guarantor: A party who agrees to be responsible for the payment of another party's debts should that party default. ^{Source: OCC}
• Guardian: A person legally empowered and charged with the duty of taking care of and managing the property of another person who because of age, intellect, or health, is incapable of managing his (her) own affairs.
• Hearing aid: means any wearable instrument or device designed for or offered for the purpose of aiding or compensating for impaired human hearing, and any parts, attachments, or accessories, including ear molds, but excluding batteries and cords. See Rhode Island General Laws 5-49-1
• Household: means one or more persons occupying a dwelling unit and living as a single nonprofit housekeeping unit. See Rhode Island General Laws 44-30.3-3
• Household income: means all income received by all persons of a household in a calendar year while members of the household. See Rhode Island General Laws 44-30.3-3
• Importer: means any person who imports into the United States, either directly or indirectly, a finished cigarette or other tobacco product for sale or distribution;

  (6)  "Licensed" when used with reference to a manufacturer, importer, distributor or dealer, means only those persons who hold a valid and current license issued under § 44-20-2 for the type of business being engaged in. See Rhode Island General Laws 44-20-1

• Importer: means any person who imports into the United States, either directly or indirectly, a finished little cigar for sale or distribution;

  (5)  "Licensed" when used with reference to a manufacturer, importer, distributor or dealer, means only those persons who hold a valid and current license issued under § 44-20-2 for the type of business being engaged in. See Rhode Island General Laws 44-20.2-1

• in writing: include printing, engraving, lithographing, and photo-lithographing, and all other representations of words in letters of the usual form. See Rhode Island General Laws 43-3-16
• Income: means the sum of federal adjusted gross income as defined in the Internal Revenue Code of the United States, Rhode Island General Laws 44-30.3-3
• Intangible property: Property that has no intrinsic value, but is merely the evidence of value such as stock certificates, bonds, and promissory notes.
• Interest rate: The amount paid by a borrower to a lender in exchange for the use of the lender's money for a certain period of time. Interest is paid on loans or on debt instruments, such as notes or bonds, either at regular intervals or as part of a lump sum payment when the issue matures. ^{Source: OCC}
• Interrogatories: Written questions asked by one party of an opposing party, who must answer them in writing under oath; a discovery device in a lawsuit.
• Intestate: Dying without leaving a will.
• Jurisdiction: (1) The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a case. Concurrent jurisdiction exists when two courts have simultaneous responsibility for the same case. (2) The geographic area over which the court has authority to decide cases.
• Lease: A contract transferring the use of property or occupancy of land, space, structures, or equipment in consideration of a payment (e.g., rent). ^{Source: OCC}
• Legatee: A beneficiary of a decedent
• Liabilities: The aggregate of all debts and other legal obligations of a particular person or legal entity.
• License: means a license issued by the state under this chapter to hearing aid dealers and fitters. See Rhode Island General Laws 5-49-1
• Licensed: when used with reference to a manufacturer, importer, distributor or dealer, means only those persons who hold a valid and current license issued under § 44-20-2 for the type of business being engaged in. See Rhode Island General Laws 44-20-1
• Licensed: when used with reference to a manufacturer, importer, distributor or dealer, means only those persons who hold a valid and current license issued under § 44-20-2 for the type of business being engaged in. See Rhode Island General Laws 44-20.2-1
• Lien: A claim against real or personal property in satisfaction of a debt.
• Little cigars: means and includes any roll, made wholly or in part of tobacco, irrespective of size or shape and irrespective of whether the tobacco is flavored, adulterated or mixed with any other ingredient, where such roll has a wrapper or cover made of tobacco wrapped in leaf tobacco or any substance containing tobacco paper or any other material and where such roll has an integrated filter, except where such wrapper is wholly or in greater part made of tobacco and where such roll has an integrated filter and weighs over four (4) pounds per thousand (1,000);

  (7)  "Manufacturer" means any person who manufactures, fabricates, assembles, processes, or labels a finished little cigar;

  (8)  "Person" means any individual, firm, fiduciary, partnership, corporation, trust, or association, however formed;

  (9)  "Place of business" means and includes any place where little cigars are sold or where little cigars are stored or kept for the purpose of sale or consumption, including any vessel, vehicle, airplane, train, or vending machine;

  (10)  "Sale" or "Sell" includes and applies to gifts, exchanges, and barter;

  (11)  "Snuff" means any finely cut, ground, or powdered tobacco that is not intended to be smoked;

  (12)  "Stamp" means the impression, device, stamp, label, or print manufactured, printed, or made as prescribed by the administrator to be affixed to packages of little cigars, as evidence of the payment of the tax provided by this chapter or to indicate that the little cigars are intended for a sale or distribution in this state that is exempt from state tax under the provisions of state law and also includes impressions made by metering machines authorized to be used under the provisions of this chapter. See Rhode Island General Laws 44-20.2-1

• magistrate: may be construed to mean a justice, or a clerk acting as a justice, of a district court. See Rhode Island General Laws 43-3-16
• Manufacturer: means any person who manufactures, fabricates, assembles, processes, or labels a finished cigarette and/or other tobacco products;

  (8)  "Other tobacco products" (OTP) means any cigars (excluding Little Cigars, as defined in Rhode Island General Laws 44-20-1

• Marital deduction: The deduction(s) that can be taken in the determination of gift and estate tax liabilities because of the existence of a marriage or marital relationship.
• Markup: The process by which congressional committees and subcommittees debate, amend, and rewrite proposed legislation.
• Mortgage: The written agreement pledging property to a creditor as collateral for a loan.
• Mortgagee: The person to whom property is mortgaged and who has loaned the money.
• Oath: A promise to tell the truth.
• oath: includes affirmation; the word "sworn" includes affirmed; and the word "engaged" includes either sworn or affirmed. See Rhode Island General Laws 43-3-11
• Obligation: An order placed, contract awarded, service received, or similar transaction during a given period that will require payments during the same or a future period.
• Open space land: means any tract or contiguous tracts of undeveloped land, where the undeveloped land serves to enhance agricultural values, or land in its natural state that conserves forests, enhances wildlife habitat or protects ecosystem health, and that is:

  (i)  Ten (10) total acres or larger, exclusive of house site, where "house site" means the zoned lot size or one acre, whichever is smaller, and land surrounding dwellings or devoted to developed facilities, such as tennis courts, pool, etc. See Rhode Island General Laws 44-27-2

• Partnership: A voluntary contract between two or more persons to pool some or all of their assets into a business, with the agreement that there will be a proportional sharing of profits and losses.
• Person: means any individual, including an employee or agent, firm, fiduciary, partnership, corporation, trust, or association, however formed;

  (10)  "Pipe" means an apparatus made of any material used to burn or vaporize products so that the smoke or vapors can be inhaled or ingested by the user;

  (11)  "Place of business" means any location where cigarettes and/or other tobacco products are sold, stored, or kept, including, but not limited to; any storage room, attic, basement, garage or other facility immediately adjacent to the location. See Rhode Island General Laws 44-20-1

• Person: includes , but is not limited to, individuals, associations, and corporations;

  (4)  "Racing event" means a racing event at which pari-mutuel betting is permitted;

  (5)  "Seller" means a person required by this chapter to collect any tax imposed under this chapter. See Rhode Island General Laws 44-29-1

• person: may be construed to extend to and include co-partnerships and bodies corporate and politic. See Rhode Island General Laws 43-3-6
• Personal property: All property that is not real property.
• Practice of fitting and dealing in hearing aids: means the evaluation and measurement of human hearing by means of an audiometer or by any other means solely for the purpose of making selections, adaptations, or sale of hearing aids, including ordering the use of hearing aids. See Rhode Island General Laws 5-49-1
• Precedent: A court decision in an earlier case with facts and law similar to a dispute currently before a court. Precedent will ordinarily govern the decision of a later similar case, unless a party can show that it was wrongly decided or that it differed in some significant way.
• Probable cause: A reasonable ground for belief that the offender violated a specific law.
• Probate: Proving a will
• Prosecute: To charge someone with a crime. A prosecutor tries a criminal case on behalf of the government.
• Public law: A public bill or joint resolution that has passed both chambers and been enacted into law. Public laws have general applicability nationwide.
• real estate: may be construed to include lands, tenements, and hereditaments and rights thereto and interests therein. See Rhode Island General Laws 43-3-10
• Real property: Land, and all immovable fixtures erected on, growing on, or affixed to the land.
• Remainder: An interest in property that takes effect in the future at a specified time or after the occurrence of some event, such as the death of a life tenant.
• Remand: When an appellate court sends a case back to a lower court for further proceedings.
• Rescission: The cancellation of budget authority previously provided by Congress. The Impoundment Control Act of 1974 specifies that the President may propose to Congress that funds be rescinded. If both Houses have not approved a rescission proposal (by passing legislation) within 45 days of continuous session, any funds being withheld must be made available for obligation.
• Restitution: The court-ordered payment of money by the defendant to the victim for damages caused by the criminal action.
• sale: means any transfer of title or of the right to use by lease, bailment, or any other contract, excluding wholesale transactions with distributors or dealers. See Rhode Island General Laws 5-49-1
• seal: shall be construed to include an impression of the seal made with or without the use of wax or wafer on the paper. See Rhode Island General Laws 43-3-15
• sell: means gifts, exchanges, and barter of cigarettes and/or other tobacco products. See Rhode Island General Laws 44-20-1
• Service of process: The service of writs or summonses to the appropriate party.
• Settlement: Parties to a lawsuit resolve their difference without having a trial. Settlements often involve the payment of compensation by one party in satisfaction of the other party's claims.
• Stamp: means the impression, device, stamp, label, or print manufactured, printed, or made as prescribed by the administrator to be affixed to packages of cigarettes, as evidence of the payment of the tax provided by this chapter or to indicate that the cigarettes are intended for a sale or distribution in this state that is exempt from state tax under the provisions of state law; and also includes impressions made by metering machines authorized to be used under the provisions of this chapter. See Rhode Island General Laws 44-20-1
• Statute: A law passed by a legislature.
• Statute of limitations: A law that sets the time within which parties must take action to enforce their rights.
• Subpoena: A command to a witness to appear and give testimony.
• Summons: Another word for subpoena used by the criminal justice system.
• Temporary permit: means a permit issued while the applicant is in training to become a licensed hearing aid dealer and fitter. See Rhode Island General Laws 5-49-1
• Testate: To die leaving a will.
• Testator: A male person who leaves a will at death.
• Testify: Answer questions in court.
• Testimony: Evidence presented orally by witnesses during trials or before grand juries.
• town: may be construed to include city; the words "town council" include city council; the words "town clerk" include city clerk; the words "ward clerk" include clerk of election district; the words "town treasurer" include city treasurer; and the words "town sergeant" include city sergeant. See Rhode Island General Laws 43-3-9
• town council: include city council; the words "town clerk" include city clerk; the words "ward clerk" include clerk of election district; the words "town treasurer" include city treasurer; and the words "town sergeant" include city sergeant. See Rhode Island General Laws 43-3-9
• Trial: A hearing that takes place when the defendant pleads "not guilty" and witnesses are required to come to court to give evidence.
• Trustee: A person or institution holding and administering property in trust.
• Uniform Commercial Code: A set of statutes enacted by the various states to provide consistency among the states' commercial laws. It includes negotiable instruments, sales, stock transfers, trust and warehouse receipts, and bills of lading. ^{Source: OCC}
• United States: include the several states and the territories of the United States. See Rhode Island General Laws 43-3-8
• Writ: A formal written command, issued from the court, requiring the performance of a specific act.
• Writ of certiorari: An order issued by the Supreme Court directing the lower court to transmit records for a case for which it will hear on appeal.