Terms Used In Michigan Laws > Chapter 500 > Act 218 of 1956 > Chapter 81 - Supervision, Rehabilitation, and Liquidation

• Advisory board: means the Michigan iron industry museum advisory board created by section 3. See Michigan Laws 399.72
• Affirmed: In the practice of the appellate courts, the decree or order is declared valid and will stand as rendered in the lower court.
• Alteration: means work that changes the detail of a resource but does not change its basic size or shape. See Michigan Laws 399.201a
• Amendment: A proposal to alter the text of a pending bill or other measure by striking out some of it, by inserting new language, or both. Before an amendment becomes part of the measure, thelegislature must agree to it.
• Annuity: A periodic (usually annual) payment of a fixed sum of money for either the life of the recipient or for a fixed number of years. A series of payments under a contract from an insurance company, a trust company, or an individual. Annuity payments are made at regular intervals over a period of more than one full year.
• Appeal: A request made after a trial, asking another court (usually the court of appeals) to decide whether the trial was conducted properly. To make such a request is "to appeal" or "to take an appeal." One who appeals is called the appellant.
• Application: means a request for the placement of an official Michigan historical marker at the location of a historic resource or site and for the resource's or site's listing in the state register of historic sites. See Michigan Laws 399.152
• Appropriation: The provision of funds, through an annual appropriations act or a permanent law, for federal agencies to make payments out of the Treasury for specified purposes. The formal federal spending process consists of two sequential steps: authorization
• Assets: (1) The property comprising the estate of a deceased person, or (2) the property in a trust account.
• Attachment: A procedure by which a person's property is seized to pay judgments levied by the court.
• Bankruptcy: Refers to statutes and judicial proceedings involving persons or businesses that cannot pay their debts and seek the assistance of the court in getting a fresh start. Under the protection of the bankruptcy court, debtors may discharge their debts, perhaps by paying a portion of each debt. Bankruptcy judges preside over these proceedings.
• Bequest: Property gifted by will.
• Center: means the Michigan history center established in the Michigan history center act, 2016 PA 470, MCL 399. See Michigan Laws 399.152
• Certificate of appropriateness: means the written approval of a permit application for work that is appropriate and that does not adversely affect a resource. See Michigan Laws 399.201a
• Chambers: A judge's office.
• commission: means the Michigan freedom trail commission created in section 3. See Michigan Laws 399.82
• Commission: means the Michigan historical commission created in section 3 of the Michigan historical commission act, 2016 PA 469, MCL 399. See Michigan Laws 399.152
• Commission: means a historic district commission created by the legislative body of a local unit under section 4. See Michigan Laws 399.201a
• Commissioner: means the director. See Michigan Laws 500.102
• Committee: means a historic district study committee appointed by the legislative body of a local unit under section 3 or 14. See Michigan Laws 399.201a
• Committee membership: Legislators are assigned to specific committees by their party. Seniority, regional balance, and political philosophy are the most prominent factors in the committee assignment process.
• Common law: The legal system that originated in England and is now in use in the United States. It is based on judicial decisions rather than legislative action.
• Complaint: A written statement by the plaintiff stating the wrongs allegedly committed by the defendant.
• Computer: means any connected, directly interoperable or interactive device, equipment, or facility that uses a computer program or other instructions to perform specific operations, including logical, arithmetic, or memory functions with or on computer data or a computer program, and that can store, retrieve, alter, or communicate the results of the operations to a person, computer program, computer, computer system, or computer network. See Michigan Laws 397.602
• Computer network: means the interconnection of hardwire or wireless communication lines with a computer through remote terminals, or a complex consisting of 2 or more interconnected computers. See Michigan Laws 397.602
• Computer program: means a series of internal or external instructions communicated in a form acceptable to a computer that directs the functioning of a computer, computer system, or computer network in a manner designed to provide or produce products or results from the computer, computer system, or computer network. See Michigan Laws 397.602
• Computer system: means a set of related, connected or unconnected, computer equipment, devices, software, or hardware. See Michigan Laws 397.602
• Continuance: Putting off of a hearing ot trial until a later time.
• Contract: A legal written agreement that becomes binding when signed.
• Cooperative board: means the governing board of a cooperative library. See Michigan Laws 397.552
• Cooperative library: means the library or service center designated by a cooperative board to execute services established by a cooperative plan and provided to libraries participating in a cooperative. See Michigan Laws 397.552
• Corporation: A legal entity owned by the holders of shares of stock that have been issued, and that can own, receive, and transfer property, and carry on business in its own name.
• Counterclaim: A claim that a defendant makes against a plaintiff.
• Creditor: is a person having a claim against the insurer, whether matured or unmatured, liquidated or unliquidated, secured or unsecured, absolute, fixed, or contingent. See Michigan Laws 500.8103
• Crime: means that term as defined in section 5 of the Michigan penal code, 1931 PA 328, MCL 750. See Michigan Laws 397.602
• Damages: Money paid by defendants to successful plaintiffs in civil cases to compensate the plaintiffs for their injuries.
• Deed: The legal instrument used to transfer title in real property from one person to another.
• Delinquency proceeding: means a proceeding instituted against an insurer for the purpose of liquidating, rehabilitating, reorganizing, or conserving such insurer, and a summary proceeding under section 8109 or 8110. See Michigan Laws 500.8103
• Demolition: means the razing or destruction, whether entirely or in part, of a resource and includes, but is not limited to, demolition by neglect. See Michigan Laws 399.201a
• Demolition by neglect: means neglect in maintaining, repairing, or securing a resource that results in deterioration of an exterior feature of the resource or the loss of structural integrity of the resource. See Michigan Laws 399.201a
• Denial: means the written rejection of a permit application for work that is inappropriate and that adversely affects a resource. See Michigan Laws 399.201a
• Department: means the department of history, arts, and libraries. See Michigan Laws 397.552
• Department: means the department of history, arts, and libraries. See Michigan Laws 399.82
• Department: means the department of natural resources. See Michigan Laws 399.152
• Department: means the department of history, arts, and libraries. See Michigan Laws 399.201a
• Device: includes , but is not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, electrochemical, biochemical, hydraulic, optical, or organic object that performs input, output, or storage functions by the manipulation of electronic, magnetic, or other impulses. See Michigan Laws 397.602
• Devise: To gift property by will.
• Director: means , unless the context clearly implies a different meaning, the director of the department. See Michigan Laws 500.102
• Discovery: Lawyers' examination, before trial, of facts and documents in possession of the opponents to help the lawyers prepare for trial.
• Domiciliary state: means the state in which an insurer is incorporated or organized, or, in the case of an alien insurer, its state of entry. See Michigan Laws 500.8103
• Embezzlement: In most states, embezzlement is defined as theft/larceny of assets (money or property) by a person in a position of trust or responsibility over those assets. Embezzlement typically occurs in the employment and corporate settings. ^{Source: OCC}
• Equitable: Pertaining to civil suits in "equity" rather than in "law." In English legal history, the courts of "law" could order the payment of damages and could afford no other remedy. See damages. A separate court of "equity" could order someone to do something or to cease to do something. See, e.g., injunction. In American jurisprudence, the federal courts have both legal and equitable power, but the distinction is still an important one. For example, a trial by jury is normally available in "law" cases but not in "equity" cases. ^{Source: U.S. Courts}
• Escheat: Reversion of real or personal property to the state when 1) a person dies without leaving a will and has no heirs, or 2) when the property (such as a bank account) has been inactive for a certain period of time. ^{Source: OCC}
• Escrow: Money given to a third party to be held for payment until certain conditions are met.
• Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other.
• Ex officio: Literally, by virtue of one's office.
• Fair market value: The price at which an asset would change hands in a transaction between a willing, informed buyer and a willing, informed seller.
• Fiduciary: A trustee, executor, or administrator.
• Fire alarm system: means a system designed to detect and annunciate the presence of fire or by-products of fire. See Michigan Laws 399.201a
• Fiscal year: The fiscal year is the accounting period for the government. For the federal government, this begins on October 1 and ends on September 30. The fiscal year is designated by the calendar year in which it ends; for example, fiscal year 2006 begins on October 1, 2005 and ends on September 30, 2006.
• Foreign country: means any other jurisdiction not in any state. See Michigan Laws 500.8103
• Foreign guaranty association: means any similar entities now in existence or hereafter created by the legislature of any other state. See Michigan Laws 500.8103
• Forgery: The fraudulent signing or alteration of another's name to an instrument such as a deed, mortgage, or check. The intent of the forgery is to deceive or defraud. ^{Source: OCC}
• Formal delinquency proceeding: means any liquidation or rehabilitation proceeding. See Michigan Laws 500.8103
• Fraud: Intentional deception resulting in injury to another.
• Freedom of Information Act: A federal law that mandates that all the records created and kept by federal agencies in the executive branch of government must be open for public inspection and copying. The only exceptions are those records that fall into one of nine exempted categories listed in the statute. ^{Source: OCC}
• Fund: means the Michigan history center operations fund created in section 8 of the Michigan history center act, 2016 PA 470, MCL 399. See Michigan Laws 399.152
• Garnishment: Generally, garnishment is a court proceeding in which a creditor asks a court to order a third party who owes money to the debtor or otherwise holds assets belonging to the debtor to turn over to the creditor any of the debtor
• general assets: includes all property or its proceeds in excess of the amount necessary to discharge the sum or sums secured by the property. See Michigan Laws 500.8103
• Gift: A voluntary transfer or conveyance of property without consideration, or for less than full and adequate consideration based on fair market value.
• Guarantor: A party who agrees to be responsible for the payment of another party's debts should that party default. ^{Source: OCC}
• Guaranty association: means the Michigan property and casualty guaranty association, the worker's compensation self-insurance security fund, the Michigan life and health insurance guaranty association, and any other similar entity now or hereafter created by the legislature of this state for the payment of claims of insolvent insurers. See Michigan Laws 500.8103
• Guardian: A person legally empowered and charged with the duty of taking care of and managing the property of another person who because of age, intellect, or health, is incapable of managing his (her) own affairs.
• Harmful to minors: means that term as defined in section 4 of 1978 PA 33, MCL 722. See Michigan Laws 397.602
• Historic district: means an area, or group of areas not necessarily having contiguous boundaries, that contains 1 resource or a group of resources that are related by history, architecture, archaeology, engineering, or culture. See Michigan Laws 399.201a
• Historic preservation: means the identification, evaluation, establishment, and protection of resources significant in history, architecture, archaeology, engineering, or culture. See Michigan Laws 399.201a
• Historic resource: means a publicly or privately owned building, structure, site, object, or open space of historic significance to this state, including places associated with a significant individual, group, or event in this state. See Michigan Laws 399.152
• Historic resource: means a publicly or privately owned building, structure, site, object, feature, or open space that is significant in the history, architecture, archaeology, engineering, or culture of this state or a community within this state, or of the United States. See Michigan Laws 399.201a
• Historic significance: means value in relation to historical, architectural, archaeological, engineering, technological, or cultural disciplines. See Michigan Laws 399.152
• in writing: shall be construed to include printing, engraving, and lithographing; except that if the written signature of a person is required by law, the signature shall be the proper handwriting of the person or, if the person is unable to write, the person's proper mark, which may be, unless otherwise expressly prohibited by law, a clear and classifiable fingerprint of the person made with ink or another substance. See Michigan Laws 8.3q
• Indemnification: In general, a collateral contract or assurance under which one person agrees to secure another person against either anticipated financial losses or potential adverse legal consequences. ^{Source: FDIC}
• Injunction: An order of the court prohibiting (or compelling) the performance of a specific act to prevent irreparable damage or injury.
• insolvent: means :