(a) The tax officials shall appraise the property to which this section applies and calculate taxes as on other property, but if the tax so calculated exceeds the limitation imposed by this section, the tax imposed is the amount of the tax as limited by this section, except as otherwise provided by this section. A school district may not increase the total annual amount of ad valorem tax it imposes on the residence homestead of an individual 65 years of age or older or on the residence homestead of an individual who is disabled, as defined by § 11.13, above the amount of the tax it imposed in the first tax year in which the individual qualified that residence homestead for the applicable exemption provided by § 11.13(c) for an individual who is 65 years of age or older or is disabled. If the individual qualified that residence homestead for the exemption after the beginning of that first year and the residence homestead remains eligible for the same exemption for the next year, and if the school district taxes imposed on the residence homestead in the next year are less than the amount of taxes imposed in that first year, a school district may not subsequently increase the total annual amount of ad valorem taxes it imposes on the residence homestead above the amount it imposed in the year immediately following the first year for which the individual qualified that residence homestead for the same exemption, except as provided by Subsection (b).
(a-4) In this section, “maximum compressed rate” means the maximum compressed rate of a school district as calculated under § 48.2551, Education Code.

Text of subsection effective until January 01, 2025

(a-5) Notwithstanding the other provisions of this section, if in the 2023 tax year an individual qualifies for a limitation on tax increases provided by this section on the individual’s residence homestead and the first tax year the individual or the individual’s spouse qualified for an exemption under § 11.13(c) for the same homestead was a tax year before the 2019 tax year, the amount of the limitation provided by this section on the homestead in the 2023 tax year is equal to the amount computed by:
(1) multiplying the taxable value of the homestead in the 2018 tax year by a tax rate equal to the difference between the school district’s tier one maintenance and operations rate for the 2018 tax year and the district’s maximum compressed rate for the 2019 tax year;
(2) subtracting the greater of zero or the amount computed under Subdivision (1) from the amount of tax the district imposed on the homestead in the 2018 tax year;
(3) adding any tax imposed in the 2019 tax year attributable to improvements made in the 2018 tax year as provided by Subsection (b) to the amount computed under Subdivision (2);
(4) multiplying the taxable value of the homestead in the 2019 tax year by a tax rate equal to the difference between the district’s maximum compressed rate for the 2019 tax year and the district’s maximum compressed rate for the 2020 tax year;
(5) subtracting the amount computed under Subdivision (4) from the amount computed under Subdivision (3);
(6) adding any tax imposed in the 2020 tax year attributable to improvements made in the 2019 tax year as provided by Subsection (b) to the amount computed under Subdivision (5);
(7) multiplying the taxable value of the homestead in the 2020 tax year by a tax rate equal to the difference between the district’s maximum compressed rate for the 2020 tax year and the district’s maximum compressed rate for the 2021 tax year;
(8) subtracting the amount computed under Subdivision (7) from the amount computed under Subdivision (6);
(9) adding any tax imposed in the 2021 tax year attributable to improvements made in the 2020 tax year as provided by Subsection (b) to the amount computed under Subdivision (8);
(10) multiplying the taxable value of the homestead in the 2021 tax year by a tax rate equal to the difference between the district’s maximum compressed rate for the 2021 tax year and the district’s maximum compressed rate for the 2022 tax year;
(11) subtracting the amount computed under Subdivision (10) from the amount computed under Subdivision (9);
(12) adding any tax imposed in the 2022 tax year attributable to improvements made in the 2021 tax year as provided by Subsection (b) to the amount computed under Subdivision (11);
(13) multiplying the taxable value of the homestead in the 2022 tax year by a tax rate equal to the difference between the district’s maximum compressed rate for the 2022 tax year and the district’s maximum compressed rate for the 2023 tax year;
(14) subtracting the amount computed under Subdivision (13) from the amount computed under Subdivision (12); and
(15) adding any tax imposed in the 2023 tax year attributable to improvements made in the 2022 tax year as provided by Subsection (b) to the amount computed under Subdivision (14).

Text of subsection effective until January 01, 2025

(a-6) Notwithstanding the other provisions of this section, if in the 2023 tax year an individual qualifies for a limitation on tax increases provided by this section on the individual’s residence homestead and the first tax year the individual or the individual’s spouse qualified for an exemption under § 11.13(c) for the same homestead was the 2019 tax year, the amount of the limitation provided by this section on the homestead in the 2023 tax year is equal to the amount computed by:
(1) multiplying the taxable value of the homestead in the 2019 tax year by a tax rate equal to the difference between the school district’s maximum compressed rate for the 2019 tax year and the district’s maximum compressed rate for the 2020 tax year;
(2) subtracting the amount computed under Subdivision (1) from the amount of tax the district imposed on the homestead in the 2019 tax year;
(3) adding any tax imposed in the 2020 tax year attributable to improvements made in the 2019 tax year as provided by Subsection (b) to the amount computed under Subdivision (2);
(4) multiplying the taxable value of the homestead in the 2020 tax year by a tax rate equal to the difference between the district’s maximum compressed rate for the 2020 tax year and the district’s maximum compressed rate for the 2021 tax year;
(5) subtracting the amount computed under Subdivision (4) from the amount computed under Subdivision (3);
(6) adding any tax imposed in the 2021 tax year attributable to improvements made in the 2020 tax year as provided by Subsection (b) to the amount computed under Subdivision (5);
(7) multiplying the taxable value of the homestead in the 2021 tax year by a tax rate equal to the difference between the district’s maximum compressed rate for the 2021 tax year and the district’s maximum compressed rate for the 2022 tax year;
(8) subtracting the amount computed under Subdivision (7) from the amount computed under Subdivision (6);
(9) adding any tax imposed in the 2022 tax year attributable to improvements made in the 2021 tax year as provided by Subsection (b) to the amount computed under Subdivision (8);
(10) multiplying the taxable value of the homestead in the 2022 tax year by a tax rate equal to the difference between the district’s maximum compressed rate for the 2022 tax year and the district’s maximum compressed rate for the 2023 tax year;
(11) subtracting the amount computed under Subdivision (10) from the amount computed under Subdivision (9); and
(12) adding any tax imposed in the 2023 tax year attributable to improvements made in the 2022 tax year as provided by Subsection (b) to the amount computed under Subdivision (11).

Text of subsection effective until January 01, 2025

(a-7) Notwithstanding the other provisions of this section, if in the 2023 tax year an individual qualifies for a limitation on tax increases provided by this section on the individual’s residence homestead and the first tax year the individual or the individual’s spouse qualified for an exemption under § 11.13(c) for the same homestead was the 2020 tax year, the amount of the limitation provided by this section on the homestead in the 2023 tax year is equal to the amount computed by:
(1) multiplying the taxable value of the homestead in the 2020 tax year by a tax rate equal to the difference between the school district’s maximum compressed rate for the 2020 tax year and the district’s maximum compressed rate for the 2021 tax year;
(2) subtracting the amount computed under Subdivision (1) from the amount of tax the district imposed on the homestead in the 2020 tax year;
(3) adding any tax imposed in the 2021 tax year attributable to improvements made in the 2020 tax year as provided by Subsection (b) to the amount computed under Subdivision (2);
(4) multiplying the taxable value of the homestead in the 2021 tax year by a tax rate equal to the difference between the district’s maximum compressed rate for the 2021 tax year and the district’s maximum compressed rate for the 2022 tax year;
(5) subtracting the amount computed under Subdivision (4) from the amount computed under Subdivision (3);
(6) adding any tax imposed in the 2022 tax year attributable to improvements made in the 2021 tax year as provided by Subsection (b) to the amount computed under Subdivision (5);
(7) multiplying the taxable value of the homestead in the 2022 tax year by a tax rate equal to the difference between the district’s maximum compressed rate for the 2022 tax year and the district’s maximum compressed rate for the 2023 tax year;
(8) subtracting the amount computed under Subdivision (7) from the amount computed under Subdivision (6); and
(9) adding any tax imposed in the 2023 tax year attributable to improvements made in the 2022 tax year as provided by Subsection (b) to the amount computed under Subdivision (8).

Text of subsection effective until January 01, 2025

(a-8) Notwithstanding the other provisions of this section, if in the 2023 tax year an individual qualifies for a limitation on tax increases provided by this section on the individual’s residence homestead and the first tax year the individual or the individual’s spouse qualified for an exemption under § 11.13(c) for the same homestead was the 2021 tax year, the amount of the limitation provided by this section on the homestead in the 2023 tax year is equal to the amount computed by:
(1) multiplying the taxable value of the homestead in the 2021 tax year by a tax rate equal to the difference between the school district’s maximum compressed rate for the 2021 tax year and the district’s maximum compressed rate for the 2022 tax year;
(2) subtracting the amount computed under Subdivision (1) from the amount of tax the district imposed on the homestead in the 2021 tax year;
(3) adding any tax imposed in the 2022 tax year attributable to improvements made in the 2021 tax year as provided by Subsection (b) to the amount computed under Subdivision (2);
(4) multiplying the taxable value of the homestead in the 2022 tax year by a tax rate equal to the difference between the school district’s maximum compressed rate for the 2022 tax year and the district’s maximum compressed rate for the 2023 tax year;
(5) subtracting the amount computed under Subdivision (4) from the amount computed under Subdivision (3); and
(6) adding any tax imposed in the 2023 tax year attributable to improvements made in the 2022 tax year as provided by Subsection (b) to the amount computed under Subdivision (5).

Text of subsection effective until January 01, 2025

(a-9) Notwithstanding the other provisions of this section, if in the 2023 tax year an individual qualifies for a limitation on tax increases provided by this section on the individual’s residence homestead and the first tax year the individual or the individual’s spouse qualified for an exemption under § 11.13(c) for the same homestead was the 2022 tax year, the amount of the limitation provided by this section on the homestead in the 2023 tax year is equal to the amount computed by:
(1) multiplying the taxable value of the homestead in the 2022 tax year by a tax rate equal to the difference between the school district’s maximum compressed rate for the 2022 tax year and the district’s maximum compressed rate for the 2023 tax year;
(2) subtracting the amount computed under Subdivision (1) from the amount of tax the district imposed on the homestead in the 2022 tax year; and
(3) adding any tax imposed in the 2023 tax year attributable to improvements made in the 2022 tax year as provided by Subsection (b) to the amount computed under Subdivision (2).
(a-10) Notwithstanding the other provisions of this section, if in the 2024 or a subsequent tax year an individual qualifies for a limitation on tax increases provided by this section on the individual’s residence homestead, the amount of the limitation provided by this section on the homestead is equal to the amount computed by:
(1) multiplying the taxable value of the homestead in the preceding tax year by a tax rate equal to the difference between the school district’s maximum compressed rate for the preceding tax year and the district’s maximum compressed rate for the current tax year;
(2) subtracting the amount computed under Subdivision (1) from the amount of tax the district imposed on the homestead in the preceding tax year;
(3) adding any tax imposed in the current tax year attributable to improvements made in the preceding tax year as provided by Subsection (b) to the amount computed under Subdivision (2);
(4) multiplying the amount of any increase in the current tax year as compared to the preceding tax year in the aggregate amount of the exemptions to which the individual is entitled under Sections 11.13(b) and (c) by the school district’s tax rate for the current tax year; and
(5) subtracting the amount computed under Subdivision (4) from the amount computed under Subdivision (3).
(a-11) This subsection applies only to an individual who in the 2023 tax year qualifies for a limitation under this section and for whom the 2022 tax year or an earlier tax year was the first tax year the individual or the individual’s spouse qualified for an exemption under § 11.13(c). The amount of the limitation provided by this section on the residence homestead of an individual to which this subsection applies for the 2023 tax year is the amount of the limitation as computed under Subsection (a-5), (a-6), (a-7), (a-8), or (a-9) of this section, as applicable, less an amount equal to the product of $60,000 and the tax rate of the school district for the 2023 tax year. This subsection expires January 1, 2025.
(a-12) This subsection applies only to an individual who in the 2023 tax year qualifies for a limitation under this section and for whom the 2021 tax year or an earlier tax year was the first tax year the individual or the individual’s spouse qualified for an exemption under § 11.13(c). The amount of the limitation provided by this section on the residence homestead of an individual to which this subsection applies for the 2023 tax year is the amount of the limitation as computed under Subsection (a-11) of this section less an amount equal to the product of $15,000 and the tax rate of the school district for the 2022 tax year. This subsection expires January 1, 2025.
(b) If an individual makes improvements to the individual’s residence homestead, other than improvements required to comply with governmental requirements or repairs, the school district may increase the tax on the homestead in the first year the value of the homestead is increased on the appraisal roll because of the enhancement of value by the improvements. The amount of the tax increase is determined by applying the current tax rate to the difference in the assessed value of the homestead with the improvements and the assessed value it would have had without the improvements. A limitation imposed by this section then applies to the increased amount of tax until more improvements, if any, are made.
(c) The limitation on tax increases required by this section expires if on January 1:
(1) none of the owners of the structure who qualify for the exemption and who owned the structure when the limitation first took effect is using the structure as a residence homestead; or
(2) none of the owners of the structure qualifies for the exemption.
(d) If the appraisal roll provides for taxation of appraised value for a prior year because a residence homestead exemption for individuals 65 years of age or older or for disabled individuals was erroneously allowed, the tax assessor shall add, as back taxes due as provided by § 26.09(d), the positive difference if any between the tax that should have been imposed for that year and the tax that was imposed because of the provisions of this section.
(e) For each school district in an appraisal district, the chief appraiser shall determine the portion of the appraised value of residence homesteads of individuals on which school district taxes are not imposed in a tax year because of the limitation on tax increases imposed by this section. That portion is calculated by determining the taxable value that, if multiplied by the tax rate adopted by the school district for the tax year, would produce an amount equal to the amount of tax that would have been imposed by the school district on those residence homesteads if the limitation on tax increases imposed by this section were not in effect, but that was not imposed because of that limitation. The chief appraiser shall determine that taxable value and certify it to the comptroller as soon as practicable for each tax year.
(f) The limitation on tax increases required by this section does not expire because the owner of an interest in the structure conveys the interest to a qualifying trust as defined by § 11.13(j) if the owner or the owner’s spouse is a trustor of the trust and is entitled to occupy the structure.
(g) Except as provided by Subsection (b), if an individual who receives a limitation on tax increases imposed by this section, including a surviving spouse who receives a limitation under Subsection (i), subsequently qualifies a different residence homestead for the same exemption under § 11.13, a school district may not impose ad valorem taxes on the subsequently qualified homestead in a year in an amount that exceeds the amount of taxes the school district would have imposed on the subsequently qualified homestead in the first year in which the individual receives that same exemption for the subsequently qualified homestead had the limitation on tax increases imposed by this section not been in effect, multiplied by a fraction the numerator of which is the total amount of school district taxes imposed on the former homestead in the last year in which the individual received that same exemption for the former homestead and the denominator of which is the total amount of school district taxes that would have been imposed on the former homestead in the last year in which the individual received that same exemption for the former homestead had the limitation on tax increases imposed by this section not been in effect.
(h) An individual who receives a limitation on tax increases under this section, including a surviving spouse who receives a limitation under Subsection (i), and who subsequently qualifies a different residence homestead for an exemption under § 11.13, or an agent of the individual, is entitled to receive from the chief appraiser of the appraisal district in which the former homestead was located a written certificate providing the information necessary to determine whether the individual may qualify for that same limitation on the subsequently qualified homestead under Subsection (g) and to calculate the amount of taxes the school district may impose on the subsequently qualified homestead.
(i) If an individual who qualifies for the exemption provided by § 11.13(c) dies, the surviving spouse of the individual is entitled to the limitation applicable to the residence homestead of the individual if:
(1) the surviving spouse is 55 years of age or older when the individual dies; and
(2) the residence homestead of the individual:
(A) is the residence homestead of the surviving spouse on the date that the individual dies; and
(B) remains the residence homestead of the surviving spouse.
(i-1) A limitation under Subsection (i) applicable to the residence homestead of the surviving spouse of an individual who was disabled and who died before January 1, 2020, is calculated as if the surviving spouse was entitled to the limitation when the individual died.
(j) If an individual who qualifies for an exemption provided by § 11.13(c) for an individual 65 years of age or older dies in the first year in which the individual qualified for the exemption and the individual first qualified for the exemption after the beginning of that year, except as provided by Subsection (k), the amount to which the surviving spouse’s school district taxes are limited under Subsection (i) is the amount of school district taxes imposed on the residence homestead in that year determined as if the individual qualifying for the exemption had lived for the entire year.
(k) If in the first tax year after the year in which an individual dies in the circumstances described by Subsection (j) the amount of school district taxes imposed on the residence homestead of the surviving spouse is less than the amount of school district taxes imposed in the preceding year as limited by Subsection (j), in a subsequent tax year the surviving spouse’s school district taxes on that residence homestead are limited to the amount of taxes imposed by the district in that first tax year after the year in which the individual dies.
(l) For the purpose of calculating a limitation on ad valorem tax increases by a school district under this section, an individual who qualified a residence homestead before January 1, 2003, for an exemption under § 11.13(c) for a disabled individual is considered to have first qualified the homestead for that exemption on January 1, 2003.
(m) For the purpose of qualifying under Subsection (g) for the limitation on ad valorem taxes on a subsequently qualified homestead imposed by a school district, the residence homestead of a disabled individual may be considered to be a subsequently qualified homestead only if the disabled individual qualified the former homestead for an exemption under § 11.13(c) for a disabled individual for a tax year beginning on or after January 1, 2003.
(n) Notwithstanding Subsection (c), the limitation on tax increases required by this section does not expire if the owner of the structure qualifies for an exemption under § 11.13 under the circumstances described by § 11.135(a).
(o) Notwithstanding Subsections (a) and (b), an improvement to property that would otherwise constitute an improvement under Subsection (b) is not treated as an improvement under that subsection if the improvement is a replacement structure for a structure that was rendered uninhabitable or unusable by a casualty or by wind or water damage. For purposes of appraising the property in the tax year in which the structure would have constituted an improvement under Subsection (b), the replacement structure is considered to be an improvement under that subsection only if:
(1) the square footage of the replacement structure exceeds that of the replaced structure as that structure existed before the casualty or damage occurred; or
(2) the exterior of the replacement structure is of higher quality construction and composition than that of the replaced structure.
(p) An heir property owner who qualifies heir property as the owner’s residence homestead under this chapter is considered the sole owner of the property for the purposes of this section.