(1) As used in this section:

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Terms Used In Utah Code 53G-10-103

  • Allegation: something that someone says happened.
  • Appeal: A request made after a trial, asking another court (usually the court of appeals) to decide whether the trial was conducted properly. To make such a request is "to appeal" or "to take an appeal." One who appeals is called the appellant.
  • Complaint: A written statement by the plaintiff stating the wrongs allegedly committed by the defendant.
  • Damages: Money paid by defendants to successful plaintiffs in civil cases to compensate the plaintiffs for their injuries.
  • Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other.
  • Person: means :
         (24)(a) an individual;
         (24)(b) an association;
         (24)(c) an institution;
         (24)(d) a corporation;
         (24)(e) a company;
         (24)(f) a trust;
         (24)(g) a limited liability company;
         (24)(h) a partnership;
         (24)(i) a political subdivision;
         (24)(j) a government office, department, division, bureau, or other body of government; and
         (24)(k) any other organization or entity. See Utah Code 68-3-12.5
  • Process: means a writ or summons issued in the course of a judicial proceeding. See Utah Code 68-3-12.5
  • Property: includes both real and personal property. See Utah Code 68-3-12.5
  • Remainder: An interest in property that takes effect in the future at a specified time or after the occurrence of some event, such as the death of a life tenant.
  • State: when applied to the different parts of the United States, includes a state, district, or territory of the United States. See Utah Code 68-3-12.5
     (1)(a)

          (1)(a)(i) “Instructional material” means a material, regardless of format, used:

               (1)(a)(i)(A) as or in place of textbooks to deliver curriculum within the state curriculum framework for courses of study by students; or
               (1)(a)(i)(B) to support a student’s learning in any school setting.
          (1)(a)(ii) “Instructional material” includes reading materials, handouts, videos, digital materials, websites, online applications, and live presentations.
          (1)(a)(iii) “Instructional material” does not mean exclusively library materials.
     (1)(b) “LEA governing board” means:

          (1)(b)(i) for a school district, the local school board;
          (1)(b)(ii) for a charter school, the charter school governing board; or
          (1)(b)(iii) for the Utah Schools for the Deaf and the Blind, the state board.
     (1)(c) “Material” means the same as that term is defined in Section 76-10-1201.
     (1)(d) “Minor” means any person less than 18 years old.
     (1)(e) “Objective sensitive material” means an instructional material that constitutes pornographic or indecent material, as that term is defined in Section 76-10-1235, under the non-discretionary standards described in Subsection 76-10-1227(1)(a)(i), (ii), or (iii).
     (1)(f) “Public school” means:

          (1)(f)(i) a district school;
          (1)(f)(ii) a charter school; or
          (1)(f)(iii) the Utah Schools for the Deaf and the Blind.
     (1)(g)

          (1)(g)(i) “School setting” means, for a public school:

               (1)(g)(i)(A) in a classroom;
               (1)(g)(i)(B) in a school library; or
               (1)(g)(i)(C) on school property.
          (1)(g)(ii) “School setting” includes the following activities that an organization or individual or organization outside of a public school conducts, if a public school or an LEA sponsors or requires the activity:

               (1)(g)(ii)(A) an assembly;
               (1)(g)(ii)(B) a guest lecture;
               (1)(g)(ii)(C) a live presentation; or
               (1)(g)(ii)(D) an event.
     (1)(h)

          (1)(h)(i) “Sensitive material” means an instructional material that constitutes objective sensitive material or subjective sensitive material.
          (1)(h)(ii) “Sensitive material” does not include an instructional material:

               (1)(h)(ii)(A) that an LEA selects under Section 53G-10-402;
               (1)(h)(ii)(B) for a concurrent enrollment course that contains sensitive material and for which a parent receives notice from the course provider of the material before enrollment of the parent’s child and gives the parent’s consent by enrolling the parent’s child;
               (1)(h)(ii)(C) for medical courses;
               (1)(h)(ii)(D) for family and consumer science courses; or
               (1)(h)(ii)(E) for another course the state board exempts in state board rule.
          (1)(h)(iii) “Subjective sensitive material” means an instructional material that constitutes pornographic or indecent material, as that term is defined in Section 76-10-1235, under the following factor-balancing standards:

               (1)(h)(iii)(A) material that is harmful to minors under Section 76-10-1201;
               (1)(h)(iii)(B) material that is pornographic under Section 76-10-1203; or
               (1)(h)(iii)(C) material that includes certain fondling or other erotic touching under Subsection 76-10-1227(1)(a)(iv).
(2)

     (2)(a) Sensitive materials are prohibited in the school setting.
     (2)(b) A public school or an LEA may not:

          (2)(b)(i) adopt, use, distribute, provide a student access to, or maintain in the school setting, sensitive materials; or
          (2)(b)(ii) permit a speaker or presenter in the school setting to display or distribute sensitive materials.
     (2)(c) In evaluating, selecting, or otherwise considering action related to a given instructional material under this section, each public school and each LEA shall prioritize protecting children from the harmful effects of illicit pornography over other considerations in evaluating instructional material.
     (2)(d) If an instructional material constitutes objective sensitive material:

          (2)(d)(i) a public school or an LEA is not required to engage in a review under a subjective sensitive material standard; and
          (2)(d)(ii) the outcome of a subjective sensitive material evaluation has no bearing on the non-discretionary objective sensitive material conclusion.
(3)

     (3)(a) Except as provided in Subsection (3)(b), the following individuals may initiate a sensitive material review under this section:

          (3)(a)(i) an employee of the relevant LEA;
          (3)(a)(ii) a student who is enrolled in the relevant LEA;
          (3)(a)(iii) a parent of a child who is enrolled in the relevant LEA; or
          (3)(a)(iv) a member of the relevant LEA governing board.
     (3)(b)

          (3)(b)(i) As used in this Subsection (3)(b), “unsuccessful challenge” means an allegation that a given instructional material constitutes sensitive material that the LEA concludes to be erroneous, either on direct review or on appeal to the LEA governing board, resulting in the retention of the given instructional material.
          (3)(b)(ii) Notwithstanding Subsection (3)(a), after an individual makes three unsuccessful challenges during a given academic year, the individual may not trigger a sensitive material review under this section during the remainder of the given academic year.
(4) Upon receipt of an allegation from an individual described in Subsection (3)(a), an LEA shall:

     (4)(a)

          (4)(a)(i) make an initial determination as to whether the allegation presents a plausible claim that the challenged instructional material constitutes sensitive material, including whether the allegation includes excerpts and other evidence to support the allegation; and
          (4)(a)(ii) if the LEA determines that the allegation presents a plausible claim that the challenged instructional material constitutes sensitive material under Subsection (4)(a)(i), immediately remove the challenged material from any school setting that provides student access to the challenged material until the LEA completes the LEA’s full review of the challenged material under this section;
     (4)(b)

          (4)(b)(i) engage in a review of the allegations and the challenged instructional material using the objective sensitive material standards; and
          (4)(b)(ii) if the LEA makes a determination that the challenged instructional material constitutes objective sensitive material, ensure that the material remains inaccessible to students in any school setting;
     (4)(c) only if the LEA makes a determination that the challenged instructional material does not constitute objective sensitive material:

          (4)(c)(i) review the allegations and the challenged instructional material under the subjective material standards, ensuring that the review includes parents who are reflective of the members of the school’s community when determining if an instructional material is subjective sensitive material;
          (4)(c)(ii) allow student access to the challenged instructional material during the LEA’s subjective sensitive material review if the student’s parent gives consent regarding the specific challenged instructional material; and
          (4)(c)(iii) if the LEA makes a determination that the challenged instructional material constitutes subjective sensitive material, ensure that the material is inaccessible to students in any school setting, including the termination of the parent consent option described in Subsection (4)(c)(ii); and
     (4)(d) communicate to the state board the allegation and the LEA’s final determination regarding the allegation and the challenged instructional material.
(5)

     (5)(a) An individual described in Subsection (3)(a) may appeal an LEA’s decision regarding a sensitive material review, regardless of whether the LEA removed or retained the challenged instructional material, to the LEA governing board.
     (5)(b) An LEA governing board shall vote in a public board meeting to decide the outcome of a sensitive material review appeal, clearly identifying:

          (5)(b)(i) the board’s rationale for the decision; and
          (5)(b)(ii) the board’s determination on each component of the statutory and any additional policy standards the board uses to reach the board’s conclusions.
(6) An LEA governing board may not enact rules or policies that prevent the LEA governing board from:

     (6)(a) revisiting a previous decision;
     (6)(b) reviewing a recommendation of LEA personnel or a parent-related committee regarding a challenged instructional material; or
     (6)(c) reconsidering a challenged instructional material if the LEA governing board receives additional information regarding the material.
(7)

     (7)(a) Except as provided in Subsection (7)(d), if the threshold described in Subsection (7)(b) is met, each LEA statewide shall remove the relevant instructional material from student access.
     (7)(b) The requirement described in Subsection (7)(a) to remove a given material from student access applies if the following number of LEAs makes a determination that a given instructional material constitutes objective sensitive material:

          (7)(b)(i) at least three school districts; or
          (7)(b)(ii) at least two school districts and five charter schools.
     (7)(c) The state board shall:

          (7)(c)(i) aggregate allegations and LEA determinations described in Subsection (4)(d); and
          (7)(c)(ii) no later than 10 school days after the day on which the condition described in Subsection (7)(b) occurs, communicate to all LEAs the application of the requirement described in Subsection (7)(a) to remove the material from student access.
     (7)(d)

          (7)(d)(i) When the threshold described in Subsection (7)(b) is met for a given instructional material, in addition to making the communication described in Subsection (7)(c), the state board may:

               (7)(d)(i)(A) place the material on the agenda of a public board meeting within 60 days after the day on which the state board makes the communication to LEAs under Subsection (7)(c); and
               (7)(d)(i)(B) at the specified state board meeting, vote to overturn the application of the requirement described in Subsection (7)(a) to remove a given material from student access statewide.
          (7)(d)(ii) If the state board votes to overturn the application of the statewide removal requirement described in Subsection (7)(a) under Subsection (7)(d)(i):

               (7)(d)(ii)(A) the statewide removal requirement described in Subsection (7)(a) no longer applies;
               (7)(d)(ii)(B) an LEA may choose to return the given material to student access; and
               (7)(d)(ii)(C) nothing affects the findings of an LEA governing board regarding removal of the given material within the board’s LEA.
     (7)(e) This Subsection (7) applies to sensitive materials that LEAs remove from student access, regardless of whether:

          (7)(e)(i) the sensitive material determinations occur in the same academic year; or
          (7)(e)(ii) a sensitive material determination occurred before July 1, 2024.
(8) The state board shall:

     (8)(a) in consultation with the Office of the Attorney General, provide guidance and training to support public schools in identifying instructional materials that meet the definition of sensitive materials under this section;
     (8)(b) establish a process through which an individual described in Subsection (3)(a) may report to the state board an allegation that an LEA is out of compliance with this section; and
     (8)(c) annually report to the Education Interim Committee, at or before the November interim meeting, on implementation and compliance with this section, including:

          (8)(c)(i) any policy the state board or an LEA adopts to implement or comply with this section;
          (8)(c)(ii) any rule the state board makes to implement or comply with this section; and
          (8)(c)(iii) any complaints an LEA or the state board receives regarding a violation of this section, including:

               (8)(c)(iii)(A) action taken in response to a complaint described in this Subsection (8)(c)(iii);
               (8)(c)(iii)(B) if an LEA retains an instructional material for which the LEA or the state board receives a complaint, the LEA’s rationale for retaining the instructional material; and
               (8)(c)(iii)(C) compliance failures that the state board identifies through the reporting process described in Subsection (8)(b) and other investigations or research.
(9) The state shall defend, indemnify, and hold harmless a person acting under color of state law to enforce this section for any claims or damages, including court costs and attorney fees, that:

     (9)(a) a person brings or incurs as a result of this section; and
     (9)(b) is not covered by the person’s insurance policies or any coverage agreement that the State Risk Management Fund issues.
(10) Subject to prioritization of the Audit Subcommittee created in Section 36-12-8, the Office of the Legislative Auditor General shall:

     (10)(a) conduct an audit of each school district’s compliance with this section, ensuring the completion of all school district audits before November 2028; and
     (10)(b) annually report to the Education Interim Committee regarding completed sensitive material audits under this Subsection (10).
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