Terms Used In Virginia Code > Title 10.1 > Subtitle I > Chapter 1 - General Provisions

• Abuse: means any act or failure to act by an employee or other person responsible for the care of an individual in a facility or program operated, licensed, or funded by the Department, excluding those operated by the Department of Corrections, that was performed or was failed to be performed knowingly, recklessly, or intentionally, and that caused or might have caused physical or psychological harm, injury, or death to an individual receiving care or treatment for mental illness, developmental disabilities, or substance abuse. See Virginia Code 37.2-100
• administrative policy board: means the public body organized in accordance with the provisions of Chapter 5 (§ Virginia Code 37.2-100
• Adult: means a person 18 years of age or more. See Virginia Code 1-203
• Affidavit: A written statement of facts confirmed by the oath of the party making it, before a notary or officer having authority to administer oaths.
• Affiliate: means a legal entity that controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with another legal entity or shares common branding with another legal entity. See Virginia Code 59.1-575
• Articles of incorporation: means all documents constituting, at any particular time, the charter of a corporation. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• Assessment: as used in this subtitle , shall include an assessment made pursuant to notice by the Department of Taxation and self-assessments made by a taxpayer upon the filing of a return or otherwise not pursuant to notice. See Virginia Code 58.1-1820
• Assets: means the buildings and land of state facilities operated by the Department. See Virginia Code 37.2-317
• Attachment: A procedure by which a person's property is seized to pay judgments levied by the court.
• Attribute provider: means an entity, or a supplier, employee, or agent thereof, that acts as the authoritative record of identifying information about an identity credential holder. See Virginia Code 59.1-550
• authority: means a public body and a body corporate and politic organized in accordance with the provisions of Chapter 6 (§ Virginia Code 37.2-100
• Bankruptcy: Refers to statutes and judicial proceedings involving persons or businesses that cannot pay their debts and seek the assistance of the court in getting a fresh start. Under the protection of the bankruptcy court, debtors may discharge their debts, perhaps by paying a portion of each debt. Bankruptcy judges preside over these proceedings.
• Behavioral health: means the full range of mental health, developmental, and substance abuse services and treatment modalities. See Virginia Code 37.2-600
• Behavioral health project: means any facility suitable for providing adequate care for concentrated centers of population and includes structures, buildings, improvements, additions, extensions, replacements, appurtenances, lands, rights in land, franchises, machinery, equipment, furnishings, landscaping, approaches, roadways, and other necessary or desirable facilities. See Virginia Code 37.2-600
• Behavioral health services: means the full range of mental health and substance abuse services. See Virginia Code 37.2-100
• Beneficiary: A person who is entitled to receive the benefits or proceeds of a will, trust, insurance policy, retirement plan, annuity, or other contract. ^{Source: OCC}
• Biometric data: means data generated by automatic measurements of an individual's biological characteristics, such as a fingerprint, voiceprint, eye retinas, irises, or other unique biological patterns or characteristics that is used to identify a specific individual. See Virginia Code 59.1-575
• Board: means the Board of Housing and Community Development. See Virginia Code 59.1-539
• Board: means the State Board of Behavioral Health and Developmental Services. See Virginia Code 37.2-100
• Board of directors: means the group of persons vested with the management of the business of the corporation irrespective of the name by which such group is designated, and "director" means a member of the board of directors. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• Brain injury: means any injury to the brain that occurs after birth that is acquired through traumatic or non-traumatic insults. See Virginia Code 37.2-403
• Chambers: A judge's office.
• Child: means any natural person younger than 13 years of age. See Virginia Code 59.1-575
• Commission: means the State Corporation Commission of Virginia. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• Common law: The legal system that originated in England and is now in use in the United States. It is based on judicial decisions rather than legislative action.
• Commonwealth identity management standards: means the minimum specifications and standards that must be included in an identity trust framework so as to define liability pursuant to this chapter that are set forth in guidance documents approved by the Secretary of Administration pursuant to Chapter 4. See Virginia Code 59.1-550
• Community services board: means the public body established pursuant to § Virginia Code 37.2-100
• Concurrent resolution: A legislative measure, designated "S. Con. Res." and numbered consecutively upon introduction, generally employed to address the sentiments of both chambers, to deal with issues or matters affecting both houses, such as a concurrent budget resolution, or to create a temporary joint committee. Concurrent resolutions are not submitted to the President/Governor and thus do not have the force of law.
• Conditional license: means a license issued in accordance with the requirements of § Virginia Code 37.2-403
• Confidential information: means information related to the play of a fantasy contest by fantasy contest players obtained as a result of or by virtue of a person's employment. See Virginia Code 59.1-556
• Consent: means a clear affirmative act signifying a consumer's freely given, specific, informed, and unambiguous agreement to process personal data relating to the consumer. See Virginia Code 59.1-575
• Consumer: means a natural person who is a resident of the Commonwealth acting only in an individual or household context. See Virginia Code 59.1-575
• controlled: means (i) ownership of, or the power to vote, more than 50 percent of the outstanding shares of any class of voting security of a company; (ii) control in any manner over the election of a majority of the directors or of individuals exercising similar functions; or (iii) the power to exercise controlling influence over the management of a company. See Virginia Code 59.1-575
• Controller: means the natural or legal person that, alone or jointly with others, determines the purpose and means of processing personal data. See Virginia Code 59.1-575
• Cosmetic: means any article intended to be rubbed, poured, sprinkled, or sprayed on, introduced into, or otherwise applied to the human body or any part thereof for cleansing, beautifying, promoting attractiveness, or altering the appearance, including, without limitation, personal hygiene products such as deodorant, shampoo, or conditioner. See Virginia Code 59.1-571
• Cosmetic animal testing: means the internal or external application of a cosmetic, either in its final form or any ingredient thereof, to the skin, eyes, or other body part of a live, nonhuman vertebrate. See Virginia Code 59.1-571
• Cosmetics manufacturer: means any person whose name appears on the label of a cosmetic product pursuant to the requirements of Virginia Code 59.1-571
• De-identified data: means data that cannot reasonably be linked to an identified or identifiable natural person, or a device linked to such person. See Virginia Code 59.1-575
• delivery: means any method of delivery used in conventional commercial practice, including delivery by hand, mail, commercial delivery, and, if authorized in accordance with § Virginia Code 13.1-803
• Department: means the Department of Housing and Community Development. See Virginia Code 59.1-539
• Department: means the Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services. See Virginia Code 59.1-556
• Department: means the Department of Behavioral Health and Developmental Services. See Virginia Code 37.2-100
• Department: means the Department of Taxation. See Virginia Code 58.1-1
• Department: means the Department of Conservation and Recreation. See Virginia Code 10.1-100
• Dependent: A person dependent for support upon another.
• Developmental services: means planned, individualized, and person-centered services and supports provided to individuals with developmental disabilities for the purpose of enabling these individuals to increase their self-determination and independence, obtain employment, participate fully in all aspects of community life, advocate for themselves, and achieve their fullest potential to the greatest extent possible. See Virginia Code 37.2-100
• Director: means the Director of the Department of Conservation and Recreation. See Virginia Code 10.1-100
• Discovery: Lawyers' examination, before trial, of facts and documents in possession of the opponents to help the lawyers prepare for trial.
• Document: means (i) any tangible medium on which information is inscribed, and includes any writing or written instrument, or (ii) an electronic record. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• domestic corporation: means a corporation not authorized by law to issue shares, irrespective of the nature of the business to be transacted, organized under this chapter or existing pursuant to the laws of the Commonwealth on January 1, 1986, or that, by virtue of articles of incorporation, amendment, or merger, has become a domestic corporation of the Commonwealth, even though also being a corporation organized under laws other than the laws of the Commonwealth or that has become a domestic corporation of the Commonwealth pursuant to Article 11. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• Domesticated corporation: means the domesticating corporation as it continues in existence after a domestication. See Virginia Code 13.1-898.1:1
• Domesticating corporation: means the domestic corporation that approves a plan of domestication pursuant to § Virginia Code 13.1-898.1:1
• Domestication: means a transaction pursuant to this article, including domestication of a foreign corporation as a domestic corporation or domestication of a domestic corporation in another jurisdiction, where the other jurisdiction authorizes such a transaction even if by another name. See Virginia Code 13.1-898.1:1
• Eligible entity: means a domestic or foreign unincorporated entity or a domestic or foreign stock corporation. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• Eligible interests: means interests or shares. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• Enterprise zone: means an area declared by the Governor to be eligible for the benefits of this chapter. See Virginia Code 59.1-539
• Entitlement: A Federal program or provision of law that requires payments to any person or unit of government that meets the eligibility criteria established by law. Entitlements constitute a binding obligation on the part of the Federal Government, and eligible recipients have legal recourse if the obligation is not fulfilled. Social Security and veterans' compensation and pensions are examples of entitlement programs.
• Entity: includes any domestic or foreign corporation; any domestic or foreign stock corporation; any domestic or foreign unincorporated entity; any estate or trust; and any state, the United States, and any foreign government. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• Entry fee: means cash or cash equivalent that is required to be paid by a fantasy contest participant to a fantasy contest operator in order to participate in a fantasy contest. See Virginia Code 59.1-556
• Ex officio: Literally, by virtue of one's office.
• Ex officio: means service by virtue of one's office and includes voting privileges for ex officio members unless otherwise provided. See Virginia Code 1-215
• Executor: A male person named in a will to carry out the decedent
• Facility: means a state or licensed hospital, training center, psychiatric hospital, or other type of residential or outpatient mental health or developmental services facility. See Virginia Code 37.2-100
• Fantasy contest: includes any online fantasy or simulated game or contest with an entry fee in which (i) the value of all prizes and awards offered to winning participants is established and made known to the participants in advance of the contest; (ii) all winning outcomes reflect the relative knowledge and skill of the participants and shall be determined by accumulated statistical results of the performance of individuals, including athletes in the case of sports events; and (iii) no winning outcome is based on the score, point spread, or any performance of any single actual team or combination of teams or solely on any single performance of an individual athlete or player in any single actual event. See Virginia Code 59.1-556
• Federated identity management: means a process that allows the conveyance of identity credentials and authentication information across digital identity systems through the use of a common set of policies, practices, and protocols for managing the identity of users and devices across security domains. See Virginia Code 59.1-550
• federation: means a digital identity system that (i) utilizes federated identity management to enable the portability of identity information across otherwise autonomous security domains; (ii) is compliant with the Commonwealth's identity management standards and with the provisions of the governing identity trust framework; (iii) has established identity, security, privacy, technology, and enforcement rules and policies adhered to by certified identity providers that are members of the federated digital identity system; (iv) includes as members federation administrators, federation operators, identity trust framework operators, and identity providers; and (v) allows, but does not require, relying parties to be members of the federated digital identity system in order to accept an identity credential issued by a certified identity provider to verify an identity credential holder's identity. See Virginia Code 59.1-550
• Federation administrator: means a person or entity that certifies compliance with the Commonwealth's identity management standards by either a federation operator or an identity trust framework operator at the time of issuance of identity credentials, identity and entitlement attributes, or trustmarks. See Virginia Code 59.1-550
• Federation operator: means the entity that (i) defines rule and policies for member parties to a federation; (ii) certifies identity and entitlement attribute providers to be members of and issue identity credentials pursuant to the federation; and (iii) evaluates participation in the federation to ensure compliance by members of the federation with its rules and policies, including the ability to request audits of participants for verification of compliance. See Virginia Code 59.1-550
• Fee simple: Absolute title to property with no limitations or restrictions regarding the person who may inherit it.
• Fiduciary: A trustee, executor, or administrator.
• Foreign corporation: means a corporation not authorized by law to issue shares, organized under laws other than the laws of the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• Freedom of Information Act: A federal law that mandates that all the records created and kept by federal agencies in the executive branch of government must be open for public inspection and copying. The only exceptions are those records that fall into one of nine exempted categories listed in the statute. ^{Source: OCC}
• Full license: means a license issued in accordance with the requirements of § Virginia Code 37.2-403
• Fund: means the Behavioral Health and Developmental Services Trust Fund. See Virginia Code 37.2-317
• Guardian: A person legally empowered and charged with the duty of taking care of and managing the property of another person who because of age, intellect, or health, is incapable of managing his (her) own affairs.
• HIPAA: means the federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (Virginia Code 59.1-575
• Identified or identifiable natural person: means a person who can be readily identified, directly or indirectly. See Virginia Code 59.1-575
• Identity attribute: means identifying information associated with an identity credential holder. See Virginia Code 59.1-550
• Identity credential: means the data, or the physical object upon which the data may reside, that an identity credential holder may present to verify or authenticate his identity in a digital or online transaction. See Virginia Code 59.1-550
• Identity credential holder: means a person bound to or in possession of an identity credential who has agreed to the terms and conditions of the identity provider. See Virginia Code 59.1-550
• Identity proofer: means a person or entity authorized to act as a representative of an identity provider in the confirmation of a potential identity credential holder's identification and identity attributes prior to issuing an identity credential to a person. See Virginia Code 59.1-550
• identity provider: includes an attribute provider, an identity proofer, and any suppliers, employees, or agents thereof. See Virginia Code 59.1-550
• Identity trust framework: means a digital identity system with established identity, security, privacy, technology, and enforcement rules and policies adhered to by certified identity providers that are members of the identity trust framework. See Virginia Code 59.1-550
• Identity trust framework operator: means the entity that (i) defines rules and policies for member parties to an identity trust framework, (ii) certifies identity providers to be members of and issue identity credentials pursuant to the identity trust framework, and (iii) evaluates participation in the identity trust framework to ensure compliance by members of the identity trust framework with its rules and policies, including the ability to request audits of participants for verification of compliance. See Virginia Code 59.1-550
• Includes: means includes, but not limited to. See Virginia Code 1-218
• individual: means a current direct recipient of public or private mental health, developmental, or substance abuse treatment, rehabilitation, or habilitation services and includes the terms "consumer" "patient" "resident" "recipient" or "client. See Virginia Code 37.2-100
• Individual: means a natural person. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• Influenza vaccine: means a vaccine, intended to be administered by injection, that contains inactivated influenza viruses, that is prepared for the applicable influenza season. See Virginia Code 59.1-533
• Influenza vaccine shortage period: means the period of time during which a proclamation of the Governor provides that an influenza vaccine shortage exists. See Virginia Code 59.1-533
• Ingredient: has the meaning ascribed to it in Virginia Code 59.1-571
• Institution of higher education: means a public institution and private institution of higher education, as those terms are defined in § Virginia Code 59.1-575
• Intellectual disability: means a disability, originating before the age of 18 years, characterized concurrently by (i) significant subaverage intellectual functioning as demonstrated by performance on a standardized measure of intellectual functioning, administered in conformity with accepted professional practice, that is at least two standard deviations below the mean and (ii) significant limitations in adaptive behavior as expressed in conceptual, social, and practical adaptive skills. See Virginia Code 37.2-100
• Interest: means either or both of the following rights under the organic law of a foreign or domestic unincorporated entity:

  1. See Virginia Code 13.1-803

• Jurisdiction of formation: means the state or country the law of which includes the organic law governing a domestic or foreign corporation or eligible entity. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• licensed: means a state hospital and a licensed hospital that provides care and treatment for persons with mental illness. See Virginia Code 37.2-100
• Local zone administrator: means the chief executive of the county or city in which the enterprise zone is located, or his designee. See Virginia Code 59.1-539
• Member: means a person appointed by the governing body of a city or county to the behavioral health authority board of directors. See Virginia Code 37.2-600
• Member: means one having a membership interest in a corporation in accordance with the provisions of its articles of incorporation or bylaws. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• Membership interest: means the interest of a member in a domestic or foreign corporation, including voting and all other rights associated with membership. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• Mental health services: means planned individualized interventions intended to reduce or ameliorate mental illness or the effects of mental illness through care, treatment, counseling, rehabilitation, medical or psychiatric care, or other supports provided to individuals with mental illness for the purpose of enabling these individuals to increase their self-determination and independence, obtain remunerative employment, participate fully in all aspects of community life, advocate for themselves, and achieve their fullest potential to the greatest extent possible. See Virginia Code 37.2-100
• Mental illness: means a disorder of thought, mood, emotion, perception, or orientation that significantly impairs judgment, behavior, capacity to recognize reality, or ability to address basic life necessities and requires care and treatment for the health, safety, or recovery of the individual or for the safety of others. See Virginia Code 37.2-100
• Merger: means a business combination pursuant to § Virginia Code 13.1-893.1
• Mineral: means petroleum, natural gas, coal, ore, rock and any other solid chemical element or compound which results from the inorganic process of nature. See Virginia Code 10.1-108
• Month: means a calendar month and "year" means a calendar year. See Virginia Code 1-223
• Neglect: means failure by a person or a program or facility operated, licensed, or funded by the Department, excluding those operated by the Department of Corrections, responsible for providing services to do so, including nourishment, treatment, care, goods, or services necessary to the health, safety, or welfare of an individual receiving care or treatment for mental illness, developmental disabilities, or substance abuse. See Virginia Code 37.2-100
• Net proceeds: means the gross amount received by the seller on account of the sale of any assets (i) less costs incurred on behalf of the seller in connection with such sale and (ii), if after the sale the sold assets will be used by an entity other than a state agency or instrumentality or a local governmental entity in a governmental activity and debt obligations financed any portion of the sold assets and any amount of such obligations is outstanding at the time of the sale, less the amount necessary to provide for the payment or redemption of the portion of such outstanding obligations that financed the sold assets, which amount shall be used to pay or redeem such obligations or shall be transferred to the third party issuer of the obligations for a use permitted in accordance with such obligations. See Virginia Code 37.2-317
• Nonlegislative citizen member: means any natural person who is not a member of the General Assembly of Virginia. See Virginia Code 1-225
• operating board: means the public body organized in accordance with the provisions of Chapter 5 (§ Virginia Code 37.2-100
• operator: means a person or entity that offers fantasy contests for a cash prize to members of the public. See Virginia Code 59.1-556
• Organic document: means the document, if any, that is filed of public record to create an unincorporated entity. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• Organic law: means the statute governing the internal affairs of a domestic or foreign corporation or eligible entity. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• Oversight: Committee review of the activities of a Federal agency or program.
• Party to a merger: means any domestic or foreign corporation or eligible entity that will merge under a plan of merger. See Virginia Code 13.1-893.1
• Performance contract: means the annual agreement negotiated and entered into by a community services board or behavioral health authority with the Department through which it provides state and federal funds appropriated for mental health, developmental, and substance abuse services to that community services board or behavioral health authority. See Virginia Code 37.2-100
• Person: includes an individual and an entity. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• Personal data: means any information that is linked or reasonably linkable to an identified or identifiable natural person. See Virginia Code 59.1-575
• player: means a person who participates in a fantasy contest offered by a fantasy contest operator. See Virginia Code 59.1-556
• Pleadings: Written statements of the parties in a civil case of their positions. In the federal courts, the principal pleadings are the complaint and the answer.
• policy-advisory board: means the public body organized in accordance with the provisions of Chapter 5 that is appointed by and accountable to the governing body of each city or county that established it to provide advice on policy matters to the local government department that provides mental health, developmental, and substance abuse services pursuant to subsection A of § Virginia Code 37.2-100
• Political organization: means a party, committee, association, fund, or other organization, whether or not incorporated, organized and operated primarily for the purpose of influencing or attempting to influence the selection, nomination, election, or appointment of any individual to any federal, state, or local public office or office in a political organization or the election of a presidential/vice-presidential elector, whether or not such individual or elector is selected, nominated, elected, or appointed. See Virginia Code 59.1-575
• Precedent: A court decision in an earlier case with facts and law similar to a dispute currently before a court. Precedent will ordinarily govern the decision of a later similar case, unless a party can show that it was wrongly decided or that it differed in some significant way.
• Precise geolocation data: means information derived from technology, including but not limited to global positioning system level latitude and longitude coordinates or other mechanisms, that directly identifies the specific location of a natural person with precision and accuracy within a radius of 1,750 feet. See Virginia Code 59.1-575
• Principal office: means the office, in or out of the Commonwealth, where the principal executive offices of a domestic or foreign corporation are located, or, if there are no such offices, the office, in or out of the Commonwealth, so designated by the board of directors. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• Principal stockholder: means any person who individually or in concert with his spouse and immediate family members beneficially owns or controls, directly or indirectly, 15 percent or more of the equity ownership of a fantasy contest operator or who in concert with his spouse and immediate family members has the power to vote or cause the vote of 15 percent or more of the equity ownership of any such operator. See Virginia Code 59.1-556
• Probation: A sentencing alternative to imprisonment in which the court releases convicted defendants under supervision as long as certain conditions are observed.
• Proceeding: includes civil suit and criminal, administrative and investigatory action conducted by a governmental agency. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• processing: means any operation or set of operations performed, whether by manual or automated means, on personal data or on sets of personal data, such as the collection, use, storage, disclosure, analysis, deletion, or modification of personal data. See Virginia Code 59.1-575
• Processor: means a natural or legal entity that processes personal data on behalf of a controller. See Virginia Code 59.1-575
• Provider: means any person, entity, or organization, excluding an agency of the federal government by whatever name or designation, that delivers (i) services to individuals with mental illness, developmental disabilities, or substance abuse or (ii) residential services for persons with brain injury. See Virginia Code 37.2-403
• Provisional license: means a license issued to a provider previously issued a full license that has demonstrated a temporary inability to maintain compliance with licensing or human rights regulations or that has failed to comply with a previous corrective action plan, and that allows the provider to continue operating for a limited time while addressing the inability or failure to comply with regulations. See Virginia Code 37.2-403
• Publicly available information: means information that is lawfully made available through federal, state, or local government records, or information that a business has a reasonable basis to believe is lawfully made available to the general public through widely distributed media, by the consumer, or by a person to whom the consumer has disclosed the information, unless the consumer has restricted the information to a specific audience. See Virginia Code 59.1-575
• Recourse: An arrangement in which a bank retains, in form or in substance, any credit risk directly or indirectly associated with an asset it has sold (in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles) that exceeds a pro rata share of the bank's claim on the asset. If a bank has no claim on an asset it has sold, then the retention of any credit risk is recourse. ^{Source: FDIC}
• Reenacted: when used in the title or enactment of a bill or act of the General Assembly, means that the changes enacted to a section of the Code of Virginia or an act of the General Assembly are in addition to the existing substantive provisions in that section or act, and are effective prospectively unless the bill expressly provides that such changes are effective retroactively on a specified date. See Virginia Code 1-238
• Restitution: The court-ordered payment of money by the defendant to the victim for damages caused by the criminal action.
• Service area: means the city or county or combination of cities and counties or counties or cities that is served by a community services board or behavioral health authority or the cities and counties that are served by a state facility. See Virginia Code 37.2-100
• Service of process: The service of writs or summonses to the appropriate party.
• Settlement: Parties to a lawsuit resolve their difference without having a trial. Settlements often involve the payment of compensation by one party in satisfaction of the other party's claims.
• State hospital: means a hospital, psychiatric institute, or other institution operated by the Department that provides care and treatment for persons with mental illness. See Virginia Code 37.2-100
• Statute of limitations: A law that sets the time within which parties must take action to enforce their rights.
• Subpoena: A command to a witness to appear and give testimony.
• Substance abuse: means the use of drugs, enumerated in the Virginia Drug Control Act (§ Virginia Code 37.2-100
• Third party: means a natural or legal person, public authority, agency, or body other than the consumer, controller, processor, or an affiliate of the processor or the controller. See Virginia Code 59.1-575
• Tort: A civil wrong or breach of a duty to another person, as outlined by law. A very common tort is negligent operation of a motor vehicle that results in property damage and personal injury in an automobile accident.
• Training center: means a facility operated by the Department that provides training, habilitation, or other individually focused supports to persons with intellectual disability. See Virginia Code 37.2-100
• Transact business: includes the conduct of affairs by any corporation that is not organized for profit. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• Trustmark: means a machine-readable official seal, authentication feature, certification, license, or logo that may be provided by an identity trust framework operator to certified identity providers within its identity trust framework or federation to signify that the identity provider complies with the written rules and policies of the identity trust framework or federation. See Virginia Code 59.1-550
• United States: includes any district, authority, bureau, commission, department, or any other agency of the United States. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• Uphold: The decision of an appellate court not to reverse a lower court decision.
• User fees: Fees charged to users of goods or services provided by the government. In levying or authorizing these fees, the legislature determines whether the revenue should go into the treasury or should be available to the agency providing the goods or services.
• Venue: The geographical location in which a case is tried.
• Voting group: means all members of one or more classes that under the articles of incorporation or this chapter are entitled to vote and be counted together collectively on a matter at a meeting of members. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• Voting power: means the current power to vote in the election of directors. See Virginia Code 13.1-803
• written: means any information in the form of a document. See Virginia Code 13.1-803