Terms Used In Virginia Code > Title 54.1 > Subtitle II - Professions and Occupations Regulated by the Department of Professional and Occupational Regulation and Boards within the Department

• Access: means the ability to receive, use, and manipulate data and operate controls included in information technology. See Virginia Code 2.2-3501
• Accessibility mechanic: means an individual who is engaged in erecting, constructing, installing, altering, servicing, repairing, testing or maintaining wheelchair lifts, incline chairlifts, dumbwaiters with a capacity limit of 300 pounds, and private residence elevators, in accordance with the Uniform Statewide Building Code (§ 36-97 et seq. See Virginia Code 54.1-1140
• Accredited asbestos training program: means a training program that has been approved by the Board to provide training for individuals to engage in asbestos abatement, conduct asbestos inspections, prepare management plans, prepare project designs or act as project monitors. See Virginia Code 54.1-500
• Accredited lead training program: means a training program that has been approved by the Board to provide training for individuals to engage in lead-based paint activities. See Virginia Code 54.1-500
• Accredited residential building energy analyst training program: means a training program that has been approved by the Board to provide training for individuals to engage in blower door, duct blaster, or similar testing to measure energy efficiency, conduct energy modeling, prepare a residential building energy analysis report, and provide recommendations for improvements with return on investment or third-party verification for nationally accredited energy efficiency programs. See Virginia Code 54.1-1144
• Acquisition of a trust office: means the acquisition of a trust office located in a host state, without acquiring the trust institution of such office. See Virginia Code 6.2-1065
• Act: means the Virginia Contractor Transaction Recovery Act. See Virginia Code 54.1-1118
• Act: means the Virginia Real Estate Transaction Recovery Act. See Virginia Code 54.1-2112
• Adjournment sine die: The end of a legislative session "without day." These adjournments are used to indicate the final adjournment of an annual or the two-year session of legislature.
• Administrator: means the Director of the Department of Housing and Community Development or his designee. See Virginia Code 36-71.1
• Administrator: means the Director of the Department of Housing and Community Development or his designee. See Virginia Code 36-85.3
• Adult: means a person 18 years of age or more. See Virginia Code 1-203
• Advanced recycling: means a manufacturing process for the conversion of post-use polymers and recovered feedstocks into basic hydrocarbon raw materials, feedstocks, chemicals, liquid fuels, waxes, lubricants, or other products through processes that include pyrolysis, gasification, depolymerization, reforming, hydrogenation, solvolysis, catalytic cracking, and similar processes. See Virginia Code 10.1-1400
• Advanced recycling facility: means a facility that, using advanced recycling, receives, stores, and converts post-use polymers and recovered feedstocks that it receives. See Virginia Code 10.1-1400
• Advertisement: means any information disseminated or placed before the public. See Virginia Code 54.1-2310
• advisory board: means the board appointed pursuant to this chapter. See Virginia Code 33.2-2000
• Advisory Board: means the State Advisory Board on Air Pollution. See Virginia Code 10.1-1300
• Advisory Board: means the Litter Control and Recycling Fund Advisory Board. See Virginia Code 10.1-1414
• Affected locality or public entity: means any county, city, or town in which all or a portion of a qualifying transportation facility is located and any other responsible public entity directly affected by the qualifying transportation facility. See Virginia Code 33.2-1800
• Affidavit: A written statement of facts confirmed by the oath of the party making it, before a notary or officer having authority to administer oaths.
• Affiliate: means , with respect to an association, a bank holding company, as defined in Virginia Code 6.2-1081
• Affirmed: In the practice of the appellate courts, the decree or order is declared valid and will stand as rendered in the lower court.
• agency: means any agency, authority, board, department, division, commission, institution, bureau, or like governmental entity of the Commonwealth and includes any entity, public or private, with which any of the foregoing has entered into a contractual relationship to accomplish an agency program. See Virginia Code 30-65
• Agency: means any authority, commission, instrumentality, officer, board or other unit of the state government empowered by the basic laws to make regulations or decide cases. See Virginia Code 30-73.1
• Agency: means any state board, department, commission, agency or other unit of state government except a county, city, town or any agency thereof. See Virginia Code 2.2-3400
• Agency: means every relationship in which a real estate licensee acts for or represents a person as an agent by such person's express authority in a commercial or residential real estate transaction, unless a different legal relationship is intended and is agreed to as part of the brokerage agreement. See Virginia Code 54.1-2130
• agency: means any agency, institution, board, bureau, commission, council, public institution of higher education, or instrumentality of state government in the executive department listed in the appropriation act. See Virginia Code 2.2-2006
• Agency contract: means an agreement in which a student-athlete authorizes a person to negotiate or solicit on behalf of the student-athlete a professional sports services contract or endorsement contract. See Virginia Code 54.1-526
• Agent: has the meaning assigned to it in § Virginia Code 6.2-1013
• Agent: means a real estate licensee who is acting as (i) a standard agent in a residential real estate transaction, (ii) a limited service agent in a residential real estate transaction, or (iii) an agent in a commercial real estate transaction. See Virginia Code 54.1-2130
• Agreement: means the agreement or agreements between the Commonwealth, as seller of the Tobacco Assets, and the Corporation, as purchaser of the Tobacco Assets. See Virginia Code 32.1-354
• air carrier: includes a common carrier by aircraft, a restricted common carrier by aircraft, and a contract carrier by aircraft. See Virginia Code 5.1-89
• Air pollution: means the presence in the outdoor atmosphere of one or more substances which are or may be harmful or injurious to human health, welfare or safety, to animal or plant life, or to property, or which unreasonably interfere with the enjoyment by the people of life or property. See Virginia Code 10.1-1300
• aircraft: means any contrivance, except a contrivance operating twenty-four inches or less above ground or water level, now known or hereafter invented, used, or designed for navigation of, or flight in, the airspace in the transportation of passengers, property or mail. See Virginia Code 5.1-89
• airspace: means all airspace above the lands and waters within the boundary of this Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 5.1-89
• Allegation: something that someone says happened.
• Amateur: means an individual who has never participated in a boxing, martial arts, or professional wrestling event for money, compensation, or reward other than a suitably inscribed memento. See Virginia Code 54.1-828
• Amendment: A proposal to alter the text of a pending bill or other measure by striking out some of it, by inserting new language, or both. Before an amendment becomes part of the measure, thelegislature must agree to it.
• Amortization: Paying off a loan by regular installments.
• analysis: is a study of real estate or real property other than estimating value. See Virginia Code 54.1-2009
• Animal food manufacturer: means any person engaged in the business of preparing animal (including poultry) food derived wholly or in part from livestock or poultry carcasses or parts or products of such carcasses. See Virginia Code 3.2-5400
• Annuity: A periodic (usually annual) payment of a fixed sum of money for either the life of the recipient or for a fixed number of years. A series of payments under a contract from an insurance company, a trust company, or an individual. Annuity payments are made at regular intervals over a period of more than one full year.
• Answer: The formal written statement by a defendant responding to a civil complaint and setting forth the grounds for defense.
• Appeal: A request made after a trial, asking another court (usually the court of appeals) to decide whether the trial was conducted properly. To make such a request is "to appeal" or "to take an appeal." One who appeals is called the appellant.
• Appellate: About appeals; an appellate court has the power to review the judgement of another lower court or tribunal.
• Applicant: means any and all persons seeking or holding a permit required under this chapter. See Virginia Code 10.1-1400
• Appraisal: A determination of property value.
• Appraisal: means an analysis, opinion, or conclusion relating to the nature, quality, value, or utility of specified interests in, or aspects of, identified real estate or identified real property. See Virginia Code 54.1-2009
• Appraisal management company: means a person or entity that (i) provides appraisal management services to creditors or to secondary mortgage market participants, including affiliates; (ii) provides such services in connection with valuing a consumer's principal dwelling as security for a consumer credit transaction or incorporating such transactions into securitizations; and (iii) within a 12-month calendar year, oversees an appraiser panel of more than 15 state-certified or state-licensed appraisers in a state or 25 or more state-certified or state-licensed appraisers in two or more states. See Virginia Code 54.1-2020
• Appraisal management services: means one or more of the following: (i) recruiting, selecting, and retaining appraisers; (ii) contracting with state-certified or state-licensed appraisers to perform appraisal assignments; (iii) managing the process of having an appraisal performed, including providing administrative services such as receiving appraisal orders and appraisal reports, submitting completed appraisal reports to creditors and secondary mortgage market participants, collecting fees from creditors and secondary mortgage market participants for services provided, and paying appraisers for services performed; and (iv) reviewing and verifying the work of appraisers. See Virginia Code 54.1-2020
• Appraisal report: means any communications, written or oral, of an appraisal. See Virginia Code 54.1-2009
• Appraisal services: means acting as an appraiser to provide an appraisal or appraisal review. See Virginia Code 54.1-2020
• Appraiser: means a person licensed or certified under § Virginia Code 54.1-2020
• Appraiser panel: means a network, list, or roster of licensed or certified appraisers approved by an appraisal management company to perform appraisals as independent contractors for the appraisal management company. See Virginia Code 54.1-2020
• Appropriation: The provision of funds, through an annual appropriations act or a permanent law, for federal agencies to make payments out of the Treasury for specified purposes. The formal federal spending process consists of two sequential steps: authorization
• Architect: means a person who, by reason of his knowledge of the mathematical and physical sciences, and the principles of architecture and architectural design, acquired by professional education, practical experience, or both, is qualified to engage in the practice of architecture and whose competence has been attested by the Board through licensure as an architect. See Virginia Code 54.1-400
• Arrest: Taking physical custody of a person by lawful authority.
• Asbestos: means the asbestiform varieties of actinolite, amosite, anthophyllite, chrysotile, crocidolite, and tremolite. See Virginia Code 54.1-500
• asbestos abatement project: means an activity involving job set-up for containment, removal, encapsulation, enclosure, encasement, renovation, repair, construction or alteration of an asbestos-containing material. See Virginia Code 54.1-500
• Asbestos analytical laboratory license: means an authorization issued by the Board to perform phase contrast, polarized light, or transmission electron microscopy on material known or suspected to contain asbestos. See Virginia Code 54.1-500
• Asbestos management plan: means a program designed to control or abate any potential risk to human health from asbestos. See Virginia Code 54.1-500
• Asbestos supervisor: means any person so designated by an asbestos contractor who provides on-site supervision and direction to the workers engaged in asbestos projects. See Virginia Code 54.1-500
• Asset management: means a systematic process of operating and maintaining the systems of state highways by combining engineering practices and analysis with sound business practices and economic theory to achieve cost-effective outcomes. See Virginia Code 33.2-100
• Assets: (1) The property comprising the estate of a deceased person, or (2) the property in a trust account.
• Association: means a savings and loan association or building and loan association that is authorized by law to accept deposits and to hold itself out to the public as engaged in the savings and loan business. See Virginia Code 6.2-1100
• Association: includes condominium, cooperative, or property owners' associations. See Virginia Code 54.1-2345
• Association: has the meaning assigned to it in § Virginia Code 6.2-1081
• At-need: means at the time of death or while death is imminent. See Virginia Code 54.1-2310
• Athlete agent: means an individual, whether or not registered under this chapter, who (i) directly or indirectly recruits or solicits a student-athlete to enter into an agency contract or, for compensation, procures employment or offers, promises, attempts, or negotiates to obtain employment for a student-athlete as a professional athlete or member of a professional sports team or organization; (ii) for compensation or in anticipation of compensation related to a student-athlete's participation in athletics (a) serves the student-athlete in an advisory capacity on a matter related to finances, business pursuits, or career management decisions, unless the individual is an employee of an educational institution acting exclusively as an employee of the institution for the benefit of the institution, or (b) manages the business affairs of the student-athlete by providing assistance with bills, payments, contracts, or taxes; (iii) in anticipation of representing a student-athlete for a purpose related to the student-athlete's participation in athletics (a) gives consideration to the student-athlete or another person, (b) serves the student-athlete in an advisory capacity on a matter related to finances, business pursuits, or career management decisions, or (c) manages the business affairs of the student-athlete by providing assistance with bills, payments, contracts, or taxes; or (iv) represents a student-athlete in connection with issues related to name, image, or likeness, including negotiating, securing, obtaining, arranging, and managing name, image, or likeness opportunities. See Virginia Code 54.1-526
• Athletic director: means the individual responsible for administering the overall athletic program of an educational institution or, if an educational institution has separately administered athletic programs for male students and female students, the athletic program for males or the athletic program for females, as appropriate. See Virginia Code 54.1-526
• Attachment: A procedure by which a person's property is seized to pay judgments levied by the court.
• Attorney-at-law: A person who is legally qualified and licensed to practice law, and to represent and act for clients in legal proceedings.
• Attorney-in-fact: A person who, acting as an agent, is given written authorization by another person to transact business for him (her) out of court.
• Auction: means the sale of goods or real estate by means of exchanges between an auctioneer and members of his audience, the exchanges consisting of a series of invitations for offers made by the auctioneer, offers made by members of the audience, and acceptance by the auctioneer of the highest or most favorable offer. See Virginia Code 54.1-600
• Auctioneer: means any person who conducts or offers to conduct an auction. See Virginia Code 54.1-600
• Audiologist: means the same as that term is defined in § Virginia Code 54.1-1500
• Authority: means any regional facility authority organized and existing pursuant to this chapter. See Virginia Code 15.2-6400
• Authority: means the Richmond Metropolitan Transportation Authority created by § Virginia Code 33.2-2900
• Authority: means the Central Virginia Transportation Authority. See Virginia Code 33.2-3700
• Bail: Security given for the release of a criminal defendant or witness from legal custody (usually in the form of money) to secure his/her appearance on the day and time appointed.
• Balance of the fund: means cash, securities that are legal investments for fiduciaries under the provisions of subdivisions A 1, 2, and 4 of § Virginia Code 54.1-2112
• Balanced budget: A budget in which receipts equal outlays.
• Bank: has the meaning assigned to it in § Virginia Code 6.2-1047
• Bank: has the meaning assigned to it in Virginia Code 6.2-1065
• Bank holding company: has the meaning assigned to it in § Virginia Code 6.2-1047
• Bank supervisory agency: means : (i) any agency of another state with primary responsibility for chartering and supervising a trust institution and (ii) the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, or the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and any successor to these agencies. See Virginia Code 6.2-1065
• Bank under common ownership: means a bank of which 80 percent or more of its common stock is owned, directly or indirectly through a subsidiary, by the same Virginia bank holding company as owns, directly or indirectly through a subsidiary, at least 80 percent of the stock of the subsidiary bank substituted as fiduciary. See Virginia Code 6.2-1047
• Bankruptcy: Refers to statutes and judicial proceedings involving persons or businesses that cannot pay their debts and seek the assistance of the court in getting a fresh start. Under the protection of the bankruptcy court, debtors may discharge their debts, perhaps by paying a portion of each debt. Bankruptcy judges preside over these proceedings.
• Barber: means any person who shaves, shapes or trims the beard; cuts, singes, or dyes the hair or applies lotions thereto; applies, treats or massages the face, neck or scalp with oils, creams, lotions, cosmetics, antiseptics, powders, clays or other preparations in connection with shaving, cutting or trimming the hair or beard, and practices barbering for compensation and when such services are not performed for the treatment of disease. See Virginia Code 54.1-700
• Barbering: means any one or any combination of the following acts, when done on the human body for compensation and not for the treatment of disease, shaving, shaping and trimming the beard; cutting, singeing, or dyeing the hair or applying lotions thereto; applications, treatment or massages of the face, neck or scalp with oils, creams, lotions, cosmetics, antiseptics, powders, clays, or other preparations in connection with shaving, cutting or trimming the hair or a beard. See Virginia Code 54.1-700
• Barbershop: means any establishment or place of business within which the practice of barbering is engaged in or carried on by one or more barbers. See Virginia Code 54.1-700
• Baseline: Projection of the receipts, outlays, and other budget amounts that would ensue in the future without any change in existing policy. Baseline projections are used to gauge the extent to which proposed legislation, if enacted into law, would alter current spending and revenue levels.
• Bed-and-breakfast operation: means a residential-type establishment that provides (i) two or more rental accommodations for transient guests and food service to a maximum of 18 transient guests on any single day for five or more days in any calendar year or (ii) at least one rental accommodation for transient guests and food service to a maximum of 18 transient guests on any single day for 30 or more days in any calendar year. See Virginia Code 35.1-1
• Beneficial use: means a use that is of benefit as a substitute for natural or commercial products and does not contribute to adverse effects on health or the environment. See Virginia Code 10.1-1414
• Beneficiary: A person who is entitled to receive the benefits or proceeds of a will, trust, insurance policy, retirement plan, annuity, or other contract. ^{Source: OCC}
• Beneficiation facility: means a facility that uses methods including sorting by color, removal of contaminants, crushing, grinding, screening, grading, and monitoring of size and quality to produce clean, crushed glass cullet that satisfies the specifications of the end user of the cullet, including a manufacturer of glass containers or fiberglass. See Virginia Code 10.1-1414
• Bequest: Property gifted by will.
• Biennium: means a two-year period beginning on July 1 of an even-numbered year and continuing through June 30 of the next even-numbered year. See Virginia Code 54.1-1118
• bill in equity: shall mean a complaint in a civil action, as provided in the Rules of Supreme Court of Virginia;

  11. See Virginia Code 8.01-2

• Blighted property: means any property that endangers the public health or safety in its condition at the time of the filing of the petition for condemnation and is (i) a public nuisance or (ii) an individual commercial, industrial, or residential structure or improvement that is beyond repair or unfit for human occupancy or use. See Virginia Code 1-219.1
• Board: means the Board of Housing and Community Development. See Virginia Code 27-95
• Board: means the Board of Medical Assistance Services. See Virginia Code 32.1-353.2
• Board: means the Board of Trustees of the Foundation appointed pursuant to § Virginia Code 32.1-354
• Board: means the Board of Housing and Community Development. See Virginia Code 36-71.1
• Board: means the Board of Housing and Community Development. See Virginia Code 36-85.3
• Board: means the Commonwealth Transportation Board. See Virginia Code 33.2-100
• Board: means the Virginia Aviation Board. See Virginia Code 5.1-1
• Board: means the board of directors of an authority. See Virginia Code 15.2-6400
• Board: means the Commonwealth Transportation Board, or if the Commonwealth Transportation Board is abolished, any board, commission, or officer succeeding to the principal functions thereof or upon whom the powers given by this chapter to the Board shall be given by law. See Virginia Code 33.2-1700
• Board: means the Board for Professional and Occupational Regulation. See Virginia Code 54.1-300
• Board: means the Auctioneers Board. See Virginia Code 54.1-600
• Board: means the Board for Barbers and Cosmetology. See Virginia Code 54.1-700
• Board: means the Real Estate Appraiser Board. See Virginia Code 54.1-2009
• Board: means the Virginia Real Estate Appraiser Board. See Virginia Code 54.1-2020
• Board: means the Board for Waste Management Facility Operators. See Virginia Code 54.1-2209
• Board: means the Board for Waterworks and Wastewater Works Operators and Onsite Sewage System Professionals. See Virginia Code 54.1-2300
• Board: means the Cemetery Board. See Virginia Code 54.1-2310
• Board: means the Fair Housing Board. See Virginia Code 54.1-2343
• Board: means the Board of Agriculture and Consumer Services. See Virginia Code 3.2-100
• Board: means the governing board of the Commonwealth Savers Plan. See Virginia Code 2.2-2744
• Board: means the State Air Pollution Control Board. See Virginia Code 10.1-1300
• Board: means the Virginia Waste Management Board. See Virginia Code 10.1-1400
• Board: means the Board for Architects, Professional Engineers, Land Surveyors, Certified Interior Designers and Landscape Architects. See Virginia Code 54.1-400
• Board: means the Virginia Board for Asbestos, Lead, and Home Inspectors. See Virginia Code 54.1-500
• Board: means the Board for Contractors. See Virginia Code 54.1-1100
• Board: means the Board for Hearing Aid Specialists and Opticians. See Virginia Code 54.1-1500
• Board: means the Board for Professional Soil Scientists, Wetland Professionals, and Geologists. See Virginia Code 54.1-2200
• Board: means the Common Interest Community Board. See Virginia Code 54.1-2345
• Board: means the Real Estate Board. See Virginia Code 54.1-2112
• board of supervisors: shall be construed as meaning "governing body. See Virginia Code 36-47
• Body-piercer: means any person who for remuneration penetrates the skin of a person to make a hole, mark, or scar, generally permanent in nature. See Virginia Code 54.1-700
• Body-piercing: means the act of penetrating the skin of a person to make a hole, mark, or scar, generally permanent in nature. See Virginia Code 54.1-700
• Body-piercing salon: means any place in which a fee is charged for the act of penetrating the skin of a person to make a hole, mark, or scar, generally permanent in nature. See Virginia Code 54.1-700
• Bond with surety: includes the payment in cash of the full amount of the required bond and, in such case, no surety shall be required. See Virginia Code 1-205
• Boxer: means a person competing in the sport of boxing. See Virginia Code 54.1-828
• Boxing: means the contact sport of attack or defense using fists. See Virginia Code 54.1-828
• Branch office: means any place of business of a principal broker in the Commonwealth that is not his primary place of business. See Virginia Code 54.1-2100
• broker: means any person not included in the term air carrier and not a bona fide employee or agent of any such carrier, who, as principal or agent, sells or offers for sale any transportation subject to this chapter, or negotiates for, or holds himself out by solicitation, advertisement, or otherwise as one who sells, provides, furnishes, contracts, or arranges for such transportation. See Virginia Code 5.1-89
• Broker: means any person engaged in the business of buying or selling livestock products or poultry products on commission, or otherwise negotiating purchases or sales of such articles other than for his own account or as an employee of another person. See Virginia Code 3.2-5400
• Brokerage agreement: means the written agreement creating a brokerage relationship between a client and a licensee. See Virginia Code 54.1-2130
• Brokerage relationship: means the contractual relationship between a client and a real estate licensee who has been engaged by such client for the purpose of procuring a seller, buyer, option, tenant, or landlord ready, able, and willing to sell, buy, option, exchange or rent real estate on behalf of a client. See Virginia Code 54.1-2130
• bus stop: means that area within 150 feet of a MetroBus bus stop sign, excluding the interior of any building not owned, controlled or operated by the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority. See Virginia Code 33.2-3100
• Cable television system: means any facility consisting of a set of closed transmission paths and associated equipment designed to provide video programming to multiple subscribers when subscriber interaction is required to select a specific video program for an access fee established by the cable television system for that specific video program. See Virginia Code 54.1-828
• Campground: means any area, place, parcel, or tract of land, by whatever name called, on which three or more campsites are occupied or intended for occupancy, or facilities are established or maintained, wholly or in part, for the accommodation of camping units for periods of overnight or longer, whether the use of the campsites and facilities is granted gratuitously, or by rental fee, lease, or conditional sale, or by covenants, restrictions, and easements, including any travel trailer camp, recreation camp, family campground, camping resort, or camping community. See Virginia Code 35.1-1
• Camping unit: means any device or vehicular type structure for use as temporary living quarters or shelter during periods of recreation, vacation, leisure time, or travel, including any tent, tent trailer, travel trailer, camping trailer, pickup camper, or motor home. See Virginia Code 35.1-1
• Caregiver: means an adult who provides care for a person with a disability as defined in § Virginia Code 2.2-3701
• Case law: The law as laid down in cases that have been decided in the decisions of the courts.
• Cemetery: means any land or structure used or intended to be used for the interment of human remains. See Virginia Code 54.1-2310
• Cemetery company: means any person engaged in the business of (i) selling or offering for sale any grave or entombment right in a cemetery and representing to the public that the entire cemetery, a single grave, or entombment right therein will be perpetually cared for; (ii) selling property or services, vaults, grave liners, urns, memorials, markers, and monuments used in connection with interring or disposing of the remains or commemorating the memory of a deceased human being, where delivery of the property or performance of the service may be delayed more than 120 days after receipt of the initial payment on account of such sale; or (iii) maintaining a facility used for the interment or disposal of the remains and required to maintain perpetual care or preneed trust funds in accordance with this chapter. See Virginia Code 54.1-2310
• Center: means the Virginia Center for Coal and Energy Research. See Virginia Code 10.1-1332
• certificate: means a certificate of public convenience and necessity issued by the State Corporation Commission to common carriers by aircraft and restricted common carriers by aircraft under this chapter. See Virginia Code 5.1-89
• Certification: means the process whereby the Department or any regulatory board issues a certificate on behalf of the Commonwealth to a person certifying that he possesses the character and minimum skills to engage properly in his profession or occupation. See Virginia Code 54.1-300
• Certified accessibility mechanic: means an individual who is certified by the Board in accordance with this article to engage in work as an accessibility mechanic. See Virginia Code 54.1-1140
• Certified food protection manager: means a person who has demonstrated proficiency in food safety issues, regulations, and techniques in maintaining a safe-food environment by passing a test and receiving a certification as part of a program that is accredited by the Board. See Virginia Code 35.1-1
• Certified general real estate appraiser: means an individual who meets the requirements for licensure that relate to the appraisal of all types of real estate and real property and is licensed as a certified general real estate appraiser. See Virginia Code 54.1-2009
• Certified interior designer: means a design professional who meets the criteria of education, experience, and testing in the rendering of interior design services established by the Board through certification as an interior designer. See Virginia Code 54.1-400
• certified mail: means electronically certified or postal certified mail, except that this provision shall apply only to the mailing of plan approvals, permits, or certificates issued under the provisions of this chapter and those of the Air Pollution Control Law (§ Virginia Code 10.1-1183
• Certified nursing facility: means any skilled nursing facility, skilled care facility, intermediate care facility, nursing or nursing care facility, or nursing home, whether freestanding or a portion of a freestanding medical care facility, that is certified for participation as a Medicare or Medicaid provider, or both, pursuant to Title XVIII and Title XIX of the United States Social Security Act, as amended, and § Virginia Code 32.1-353.2
• Certified residential real estate appraiser: means an individual who meets the requirements for licensure for the appraisal of (i) all types of real estate and real property that a licensed residential real estate appraiser is permitted to appraise and (ii) such other real estate and real property as the Board, by regulation, may permit. See Virginia Code 54.1-2009
• Charity: An agency, institution, or organization in existence and operating for the benefit of an indefinite number of persons and conducted for educational, religious, scientific, medical, or other beneficent purposes.
• City: means any city or town in the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 36-55.26
• City: has the meaning assigned to it in § 1-208. See Virginia Code 33.2-100
• City: means an independent incorporated community which became a city as provided by law before noon on July 1, 1971, or which has within defined boundaries a population of 5,000 or more and which has become a city as provided by law. See Virginia Code 1-208
• Claimant: means any person with an unsatisfied judgment involving residential construction against a regulant, who has filed a verified claim under this Act. See Virginia Code 54.1-1118
• Claimant: means any person with an unsatisfied judgment against a regulant, who has filed a verified claim under this act. See Virginia Code 54.1-2112
• Claimant: means , upon proper application to the Director, a receiver for a common interest community manager appointed pursuant to § Virginia Code 54.1-2354.1
• Client: means a person who has entered into a brokerage relationship with a licensee. See Virginia Code 54.1-2130
• Code: means the Statewide Fire Prevention Code. See Virginia Code 27-95
• Code provisions: means the provisions of the Fire Prevention Code as adopted and promulgated by the Board, and the amendments thereof as adopted and promulgated from time to time by such Board. See Virginia Code 27-95
• Codicil: An addition, change, or supplement to a will executed with the same formalities required for the will itself.
• Commercial real estate: means any real estate other than (i) real estate containing one to four residential units or (ii) real estate classified for assessment purposes under § Virginia Code 54.1-2130
• Commission: means the State Corporation Commission. See Virginia Code 33.2-1800
• Commission: means the governing body of a local transportation district created pursuant to this chapter. See Virginia Code 33.2-2000
• Commission: means the governing body of a local transportation improvement district created pursuant to this chapter. See Virginia Code 33.2-2100
• Commission: means the Metro Reform Commission. See Virginia Code 33.2-3100.1
• Commission: means the State Corporation Commission. See Virginia Code 5.1-89
• Commission: means the State Corporation Commission. See Virginia Code 6.2-100
• Commissioner: means the State Health Commissioner. See Virginia Code 35.1-1
• Commissioner: means the Commissioner of Agriculture and Consumer Services. See Virginia Code 3.2-100
• Commissioner: means the Commissioner of Financial Institutions. See Virginia Code 6.2-100
• Commissioner of Highways: means the individual who serves as the chief executive officer of the Department of Transportation. See Virginia Code 33.2-100
• Committee: means the Interstate 81 Committee established pursuant to § Virginia Code 33.2-3600
• common carrier by aircraft: means any person who undertakes, whether directly or by a lease or any other arrangement, to transport passengers, property for the general public, or mail by aircrafts for compensation (wholly within the airspace of the Commonwealth), whether over regular or irregular routes, including such aircraft operations of carriers by rail, water or motor vehicle and of express or forwarding companies. See Virginia Code 5.1-89
• Common interest community: means real estate subject to a declaration containing lots, at least some of which are residential or occupied for recreational purposes, and common areas to which a person, by virtue of the person's ownership of a lot subject to that declaration, is a member of the association and is obligated to pay assessments of common expenses, provided that for the purposes of this chapter only, a common interest community does not include any time-share project registered pursuant to the Virginia Real Estate Time-Share Act (§ Virginia Code 54.1-2345
• Common interest community manager: means a person or business entity, including a partnership, association, corporation, or limited liability company, that, for compensation or valuable consideration, provides management services to a common interest community. See Virginia Code 54.1-2345
• Common law: The legal system that originated in England and is now in use in the United States. It is based on judicial decisions rather than legislative action.
• Common source information company: means any person, firm, or corporation that is a source, compiler, or supplier of information regarding real estate for sale or lease and other data and includes, but is not limited to, multiple listing services. See Virginia Code 54.1-2130
• Common trust funds: means common trust funds that are described under § 584 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954, as well as any other type of collective investment fund that is exempt from federal income taxation under any other provision of the Internal Revenue Code or regulations issued pursuant thereto. See Virginia Code 6.2-1081
• Commonwealth information technology project: means any state agency information technology project that is under Commonwealth governance and oversight. See Virginia Code 2.2-2006
• Commonwealth Project Management Standard: means a document developed and adopted by the Chief Information Officer (CIO) pursuant to § Virginia Code 2.2-2006
• Compensation: means any amount paid in addition to reimbursement for expenses. See Virginia Code 2.2-2813
• Complaint: A written statement by the plaintiff stating the wrongs allegedly committed by the defendant.
• Compliance agent: means a natural person who owns or is employed by a cemetery company to assure the compliance of the cemetery company with the provisions of this chapter. See Virginia Code 54.1-2310
• Compliance assurance agency: means an architect or professional engineer registered in Virginia, or an organization, determined by the Department to be specially qualified by reason of facilities, personnel, experience and demonstrated reliability, to investigate, test and evaluate industrialized buildings; to list such buildings complying with standards at least equal to those promulgated by the Board; to provide adequate follow-up services at the point of manufacture to ensure that production units are in full compliance; and to provide a label as evidence of compliance on each manufactured section or module. See Virginia Code 36-71.1
• Composting: means the manipulation of the natural aerobic process of decomposition of organic materials to increase the rate of decomposition. See Virginia Code 10.1-1400
• Comprehensive agreement: means the comprehensive agreement between the private entity and the responsible public entity required by § Virginia Code 33.2-1800
• Concession: means any lease, license, franchise, easement, or other binding agreement transferring rights for the use or control, in whole or in part, of a qualifying transportation facility by a responsible public entity to a private entity for a definite term during which the private entity will provide transportation-related services, including operations and maintenance, revenue collection, toll-collection enforcement, design, construction, and other activities that enhance throughput, reduce congestion, or otherwise manage the facility, in return for the right to receive all or a portion of the revenues of the qualifying transportation facility. See Virginia Code 33.2-1800
• Concurrent resolution: A legislative measure, designated "S. Con. Res." and numbered consecutively upon introduction, generally employed to address the sentiments of both chambers, to deal with issues or matters affecting both houses, such as a concurrent budget resolution, or to create a temporary joint committee. Concurrent resolutions are not submitted to the President/Governor and thus do not have the force of law.
• container: means all packages or containers intended or used to contain solids, liquids or materials and so designated. See Virginia Code 10.1-1414
• Continuance: Putting off of a hearing ot trial until a later time.
• Contract: A legal written agreement that becomes binding when signed.
• Contractor: means any person who has been recognized by the Director, through a contract pursuant to § Virginia Code 54.1-828
• Contractor: means any person, that for a fixed price, commission, fee, or percentage undertakes to bid upon, or accepts, or offers to accept, orders or contracts for performing, managing, or superintending in whole or in part, the construction, removal, repair or improvement of any building or structure permanently annexed to real property owned, controlled, or leased by him or another person or any other improvements to such real property. See Virginia Code 54.1-1100
• Control: means (i) ownership by a person of 25 percent or more of the voting stock of a trust company; (ii) control as defined in the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956 (Virginia Code 6.2-1013
• Conviction: A judgement of guilt against a criminal defendant.
• Corporation: A legal entity owned by the holders of shares of stock that have been issued, and that can own, receive, and transfer property, and carry on business in its own name.
• Corporation: means the Tobacco Settlement Financing Corporation as created under state law. See Virginia Code 32.1-354
• Corporation: means a corporation organized in accordance with this article. See Virginia Code 6.2-1331
• Cosmetologist: means any person who administers cosmetic treatments; manicures or pedicures the nails of any person; arranges, dresses, curls, waves, cuts, shapes, singes, waxes, tweezes, shaves, bleaches, colors, relaxes, straightens, or performs similar work, upon human hair, or a wig or hairpiece, by any means, including hands or mechanical or electrical apparatus or appliances unless such acts as adjusting, combing, or brushing prestyled wigs or hairpieces do not alter the prestyled nature of the wig or hairpiece, and practices cosmetology for compensation. See Virginia Code 54.1-700
• Cosmetology: includes , but is not limited to, the following practices: administering cosmetic treatments; manicuring or pedicuring the nails of any person; arranging, dressing, curling, waving, cutting, shaping, singeing, waxing, tweezing, shaving, bleaching, coloring, relaxing, straightening, or similar work, upon human hair, or a wig or hairpiece, by any means, including hands or mechanical or electrical apparatus or appliances, but shall not include hair braiding upon human hair, or a wig or hairpiece, or such acts as adjusting, combing, or brushing prestyled wigs or hairpieces when such acts do not alter the prestyled nature of the wig or hairpiece. See Virginia Code 54.1-700
• Cosmetology salon: means any commercial establishment, residence, vehicle or other establishment, place or event wherein cosmetology is offered or practiced on a regular basis for compensation and may include the training of apprentices under regulations of the Board. See Virginia Code 54.1-700
• Cost: means all or any part of the cost of the following:

  1. See Virginia Code 33.2-2000

• County: means any county in the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 36-55.26
• County: means any existing county or such unit hereafter created. See Virginia Code 15.2-102
• County: means any county having a population of more than 500,000. See Virginia Code 33.2-2100
• county: shall be construed as meaning "municipality" and the terms "county housing authority" and "regional housing authority" shall be construed as meaning "housing authority of the city" and "consolidated housing authority" respectively, unless a different meaning clearly appears from the context. See Virginia Code 36-47
• Course of instruction: means a formal course of instruction in the detection of deception and the verification of truth in an institution approved by the Director. See Virginia Code 54.1-1800
• Courts of record: means the Supreme Court of Virginia, the Court of Appeals of Virginia, and the circuit courts. See Virginia Code 1-212
• Covered entity: means all state agencies, public institutions of higher education, and political subdivisions of the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 2.2-3501
• covered farm: as used in this chapter , unless the context requires a different meaning. See Virginia Code 3.2-5147
• Covered produce: includes all of the following:

  1. See Virginia Code 3.2-5146

• Credit union: means a cooperative, nonprofit corporation organized under the laws of the Commonwealth and authorized to do business under this chapter for the purposes of encouraging thrift among its members, creating a source of credit at fair and reasonable rates of interest, providing an opportunity for its members to use and control their own money on a democratic basis in order to improve their economic and social condition, and conducting any other business, engaging in any other activity, and providing any other service that may be of benefit to its members, consistent with the provisions of this chapter and any regulations adopted by the Commission under this chapter. See Virginia Code 6.2-1300
• credit union member: means any person holding a share account in accordance with standards specified by the credit union. See Virginia Code 6.2-1300
• Credit union service organization: means any organization, corporation, or association, if (i) the membership or ownership, as the case may be, of such organization, corporation, or association is primarily confined or restricted to credit unions or organizations of credit unions and (ii) the purpose for which such organization, corporation, or association is organized is to strengthen or advance the development of credit unions or credit union organizations. See Virginia Code 6.2-1300
• Creditor process: means all methods used by creditors to collect unsecured debts. See Virginia Code 34-1
• Customer: means a person who has not entered into a brokerage relationship with a licensee but for whom a licensee performs ministerial acts in a real estate transaction. See Virginia Code 54.1-2130
• Damages: Money paid by defendants to successful plaintiffs in civil cases to compensate the plaintiffs for their injuries.
• Deaf person: means any person whose hearing is so seriously impaired as to prohibit the person from understanding oral communications spoken in a normal conversational tone. See Virginia Code 2.2-3400
• Debt: means a legally enforceable monetary obligation or liability of any individual whether arising out of a contract or otherwise, but not an obligation resulting from an intentional tort. See Virginia Code 34-1
• Decedent: A deceased person.
• Declaration: includes any amendment or supplement to the instruments described in this definition. See Virginia Code 54.1-2345
• Deed: The legal instrument used to transfer title in real property from one person to another.
• Defendant: In a civil suit, the person complained against; in a criminal case, the person accused of the crime.
• Department: means the State Department of Health. See Virginia Code 35.1-1
• Department: means the Department of Housing and Community Development. See Virginia Code 36-71.1
• Department: means the Department of Housing and Community Development. See Virginia Code 36-85.3
• Department: means the Department of Transportation. See Virginia Code 33.2-100
• Department: means the Department of Aviation. See Virginia Code 5.1-1
• Department: means the State Department of Health. See Virginia Code 32.1-3
• Department: means the Department of Professional and Occupational Regulation. See Virginia Code 54.1-300
• Department: means the Department of Professional and Occupational Regulation or its successor. See Virginia Code 54.1-828
• Department: means the Department of Professional and Occupational Regulation. See Virginia Code 54.1-1800
• Department: means the Department of Professional and Occupational Regulation. See Virginia Code 54.1-2009
• Department: means the Department of Professional and Occupational Regulation. See Virginia Code 54.1-2310
• Department: means the Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services. See Virginia Code 3.2-100
• Department: includes all departments established in the executive branch of state government and local agencies under the jurisdiction or supervision thereof, and for the purposes of §§ Virginia Code 2.2-3601
• Department: means the Department of Environmental Quality. See Virginia Code 10.1-1182
• Department: means the Department of Environmental Quality. See Virginia Code 10.1-1300
• Department: means the Department of Environmental Quality. See Virginia Code 10.1-1400
• Department: means the Department of Professional and Occupational Regulation. See Virginia Code 54.1-1100
• Department: means the Department of Professional and Occupational Regulation. See Virginia Code 54.1-2200
• Dependent: A person dependent for support upon another.
• Depolymerization: means a manufacturing process in which post-use polymers are broken into smaller molecules, including monomers and oligomers; raw, intermediate, or final products; plastics and chemical feedstocks; basic and unfinished chemicals; crude oil; naphtha; liquid transportation fuels; waxes; lubricants; coatings; and other products. See Virginia Code 10.1-1400
• Deposition: An oral statement made before an officer authorized by law to administer oaths. Such statements are often taken to examine potential witnesses, to obtain discovery, or to be used later in trial.
• Designated employee: means the contractor's full-time employee, or a member of the contractor's responsible management, who is at least 18 years of age and who has successfully completed the oral or written examination required by the Board on behalf of the contractor. See Virginia Code 54.1-1100
• designated representative: means a licensee who has been assigned by a principal or supervising broker to represent a client when a different client is also represented by such principal or broker in the same transaction. See Virginia Code 54.1-2130
• development: means to plan, design, develop, finance, lease, acquire, install, construct, or expand. See Virginia Code 33.2-1800
• device: means any mechanical or electronic instrument or device, other than a polygraph, used to test or question individuals for the purpose of detecting deception or verifying truthfulness. See Virginia Code 54.1-1800
• Devise: To gift property by will.
• Director: means the Director of the Department of Medical Assistance Services. See Virginia Code 32.1-353.2
• Director: means the director of the Foundation appointed pursuant to § Virginia Code 32.1-354
• Director: means the Director of the Department of Professional and Occupational Regulation. See Virginia Code 54.1-300
• Director: means the Director of the Department of Professional and Occupational Regulation. See Virginia Code 54.1-526
• Director: means the Director of the Department of Professional and Occupational Regulation. See Virginia Code 54.1-600
• Director: means the Director of the Department of Professional and Occupational Regulation. See Virginia Code 54.1-828
• Director: means the Director of the Department of Professional and Occupational Regulation. See Virginia Code 54.1-1800
• Director: means the Director of the Department of Professional and Occupational Regulation. See Virginia Code 54.1-2009
• Director: means the Director of the Department of Environmental Quality. See Virginia Code 10.1-1182
• Director: means the Director of the Department of Environmental Quality. See Virginia Code 10.1-1400
• Director: means the Director of the Department of Professional and Occupational Regulation. See Virginia Code 54.1-1100
• Director: means the Director of the Department of Professional and Occupational Regulation. See Virginia Code 54.1-2112
• Director: means the Director of the Department of Professional and Occupational Regulation. See Virginia Code 54.1-2354.1
• Disclosure statement: means a sworn statement or affirmation, in such form as may be required by the Director, which includes:

  1. See Virginia Code 10.1-1400

• Discovery: Lawyers' examination, before trial, of facts and documents in possession of the opponents to help the lawyers prepare for trial.
• Dismissal: The dropping of a case by the judge without further consideration or hearing. ^Source:
• Disposal: means the discharge, deposit, injection, dumping, spilling, leaking, or placing of any solid waste into or on any land or water so that such solid waste or any constituent thereof may enter the environment or be emitted into the air or discharged into any waters, including ground waters. See Virginia Code 10.1-1400
• Disposition of assets: means any action undertaken by a nonprofit entity to dispose of control of all or substantially all of its assets pursuant to an agreement of sale, transfer, lease, exchange, option, joint venture, or partnership, or to convert to a for-profit entity or to otherwise restructure the nonprofit entity or its assets, resulting in a change in control or governance of the entity or assets. See Virginia Code 32.1-373
• Distance learning: means instruction delivered by an approved provider through a medium other than a classroom setting. See Virginia Code 54.1-2100
• Distributor: means any person who takes title to products or packaging purchased for resale. See Virginia Code 10.1-1425.21
• District: means any district created pursuant to this chapter. See Virginia Code 33.2-2000
• District: means any transportation improvement district created pursuant to this chapter. See Virginia Code 33.2-2100
• Docket: A log containing brief entries of court proceedings.
• Donee: The recipient of a gift.
• Donor: The person who makes a gift.
• dual representative: means a licensee who has a brokerage relationship with both seller and buyer, or both landlord and tenant, in the same real estate transaction. See Virginia Code 54.1-2130
• Economically mixed project: means residential housing or housing development, which may consist of one or more buildings located on contiguous or noncontiguous parcels that the HDA determines to finance as a single economically mixed project, to be occupied by persons and families of low and moderate income and by other persons and families as the HDA shall determine. See Virginia Code 36-55.26
• Educational institution: means a public or private (i) elementary school, (ii) secondary school, (iii) technical or vocational school, (iv) community college, or (v) institution of higher education. See Virginia Code 54.1-526
• Electronic communication: means the use of technology having electrical, digital, magnetic, wireless, optical, electromagnetic, or similar capabilities to transmit or receive information. See Virginia Code 2.2-3701
• Electronic funds transfer: The transfer of money between accounts by consumer electronic systems-such as automated teller machines (ATMs) and electronic payment of bills-rather than by check or cash. (Wire transfers, checks, drafts, and paper instruments do not fall into this category.) ^{Source: OCC}
• Elevator mechanic: means an individual who is certified by the Board in accordance with this article to engage in erecting, constructing, installing, altering, servicing, repairing, testing or maintaining elevators, escalators, or related conveyances in accordance with the Uniform Statewide Building Code. See Virginia Code 54.1-1140
• Employee: means an individual who has an employment relationship acknowledged by both the individual and the company and is treated as an employee for purposes of compliance with federal income tax laws. See Virginia Code 54.1-2020
• Endorsement contract: means an agreement under which a student-athlete is employed or receives consideration to use on behalf of the other party any value that the student-athlete may have because of publicity, reputation, following, or fame obtained because of athletic ability or performance. See Virginia Code 54.1-526
• Endowment: means the Virginia Tobacco Settlement Foundation Endowment established pursuant to § Virginia Code 32.1-354
• Energy storage facility: means energy storage equipment or technology that is capable of absorbing energy, storing such energy for a period of time, and redelivering energy after it has been stored. See Virginia Code 10.1-1197.5
• Enforcement agency: means the agency or agencies of any local governing body or the State Fire Marshal charged with the administration or enforcement of the Fire Prevention Code. See Virginia Code 27-95
• enrolls: means registered for courses and attending athletic practice or class. See Virginia Code 54.1-526
• Enterprise: means an organization with common or unifying business interests. See Virginia Code 2.2-2006
• Entitlement: A Federal program or provision of law that requires payments to any person or unit of government that meets the eligibility criteria established by law. Entitlements constitute a binding obligation on the part of the Federal Government, and eligible recipients have legal recourse if the obligation is not fulfilled. Social Security and veterans' compensation and pensions are examples of entitlement programs.
• Entity: means any corporation, partnership, association, cooperative, limited liability company, trust, joint venture, government, political subdivision, or other legal or commercial entity. See Virginia Code 6.2-100
• Environment: means the natural, scenic, and historic attributes of the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 10.1-1182
• Equitable: Pertaining to civil suits in "equity" rather than in "law." In English legal history, the courts of "law" could order the payment of damages and could afford no other remedy. See damages. A separate court of "equity" could order someone to do something or to cease to do something. See, e.g., injunction. In American jurisprudence, the federal courts have both legal and equitable power, but the distinction is still an important one. For example, a trial by jury is normally available in "law" cases but not in "equity" cases. ^{Source: U.S. Courts}
• Equity: includes both legal and equitable interests. See Virginia Code 10.1-1400
• Escrow: Money given to a third party to be held for payment until certain conditions are met.
• Esthetician: means a person who engages in the practice of esthetics for compensation. See Virginia Code 54.1-700
• Esthetics: includes , but is not limited to, the following practices of administering cosmetic treatments to enhance or improve the appearance of the skin: cleansing, toning, performing effleurage or other related movements, stimulating, exfoliating, or performing any other similar procedure on the skin of the human body or scalp by means of cosmetic preparations, treatments, or any nonlaser device, whether by electrical, mechanical, or manual means, for care of the skin; applying make-up or eyelashes to any person, tinting or perming eyelashes and eyebrows, and lightening hair on the body except the scalp; and removing unwanted hair from the body of any person by the use of any nonlaser device, by tweezing, or by use of chemical or mechanical means. See Virginia Code 54.1-700
• Esthetics spa: means any commercial establishment, residence, vehicle, or other establishment, place, or event wherein esthetics is offered or practiced on a regular basis for compensation under regulations of the Board. See Virginia Code 54.1-700
• Evaluation: means an opinion of the market value of real property or real estate that may be utilized in connection with a real estate-related financial transaction where an appraisal by a state-certified or state-licensed appraiser is not required by the state or federal financial institution's regulatory agency engaging in, contracting for, or regulating such real estate-related financial transaction or regulating the financial institution or lender engaged in or about to engage in such real estate-related financial transaction. See Virginia Code 54.1-2009
• Event: means any boxing, martial arts, or professional wrestling show that includes one or more bouts, contests, or matches. See Virginia Code 54.1-828
• Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other.
• Ex officio: Literally, by virtue of one's office.
• Ex officio: means service by virtue of one's office and includes voting privileges for ex officio members unless otherwise provided. See Virginia Code 1-215
• Executive Director: means the Executive Director of the Department of Environmental Quality. See Virginia Code 10.1-1300
• Executive session: A portion of the Senate's daily session in which it considers executive business.
• Executor: A male person named in a will to carry out the decedent
• Exempt: means protected from all forms of creditor process. See Virginia Code 34-1
• Exemption: means protection from all forms of creditor process. See Virginia Code 34-1
• Exhibition: means any occurrence in which boxers or martial artists show or display skills without striving to win. See Virginia Code 54.1-828
• Expanded polystyrene food service container: includes plates, cups, bowls, trays, and hinged containers but does not include packaging for unprepared foods or packaging, including a cooler, used in the shipment of food. See Virginia Code 10.1-1414
• Expenses: means all reasonable and necessary expenses incurred in the performance of duties. See Virginia Code 2.2-2813
• Facility: means any structure or park, including real estate and improvements as applicable, for manufacturing, warehousing, distribution, office, or other industrial, residential, recreational or commercial purposes. See Virginia Code 15.2-6400
• Fair Housing Law: means the provisions of Chapter 5. See Virginia Code 54.1-2343
• Fair market value: The price at which an asset would change hands in a transaction between a willing, informed buyer and a willing, informed seller.
• Family: means a designated relative and family members of that designated relative. See Virginia Code 6.2-1074
• Family member: means the designated relative and:

  1. See Virginia Code 6.2-1074

• farm: means any person that obtains at least 51 percent of its annual gross income from agricultural operations and produces the agricultural waste used as feedstock for the waste-to-energy technology, (ii) "agricultural waste" means biomass waste materials capable of decomposition that are produced from the raising of plants and animals during agricultural operations, including animal manures, bedding, plant stalks, hulls, and vegetable matter, and (iii) "waste-to-energy technology" means any technology, including but not limited to a methane digester, that converts agricultural waste into gas, steam, or heat that is used to generate electricity on-site. See Virginia Code 1-222.1
• Federal Act: means the National Manufactured Housing Construction and Safety Standards Act of 1974 as amended (Virginia Code 36-85.3
• Federal acts: means the Federal Meat Inspection Act (Virginia Code 3.2-5400
• Federal acts: means any act of Congress providing for waste management and regulations promulgated thereunder. See Virginia Code 10.1-1400
• Federal government: means the United States of America or any agency or instrumentality, corporate or otherwise, of the United States of America. See Virginia Code 36-55.26
• Federal Regulations: means the Federal Manufactured Home Procedural and Enforcement Regulations. See Virginia Code 36-85.3
• Federal Reserve System: The central bank of the United States. The Fed, as it is commonly called, regulates the U.S. monetary and financial system. The Federal Reserve System is composed of a central governmental agency in Washington, D.C. (the Board of Governors) and twelve regional Federal Reserve Banks in major cities throughout the United States. ^{Source: OCC}
• Federal Standards: means the Federal Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards. See Virginia Code 36-85.3
• Federally insured mortgage: means a mortgage loan for land development for residential housing or residential housing insured or guaranteed by the United States or an instrumentality thereof, or a commitment by the United States or an instrumentality thereof to insure such a mortgage. See Virginia Code 36-55.26
• Federally related transaction: means any real estate-related financial transaction which:

  1. See Virginia Code 54.1-2009

• Fee simple: Absolute title to property with no limitations or restrictions regarding the person who may inherit it.
• Fiduciary: A trustee, executor, or administrator.
• Fiduciary: shall include any one or more of the following:

  a. See Virginia Code 8.01-2

• Fiduciary: means executor, administrator, conservator, guardian of a minor, committee, or trustee. See Virginia Code 6.2-1013
• Fiduciary: means executor, administrator, conservator, guardian, committee, or trustee. See Virginia Code 6.2-1074
• Fiduciary: means the status resulting from an association's undertaking to act alone, through an affiliate, or jointly with others, primarily for the benefit of another, and includes an association's acting as trustee, executor, administrator, committee, guardian, conservator, receiver, managing agent, registrar of stocks and bonds, escrow, transfer, or paying agent, trustee of employee pension, welfare and profit sharing trusts, and in any other similar capacity. See Virginia Code 6.2-1081
• Fiduciary capacity: means every capacity in which a trust institution is granted the right to act pursuant to § Virginia Code 6.2-1047
• Fiduciary records: means all matters which are written, transcribed, recorded, received, or otherwise come into the possession of an association and are necessary to preserve information concerning the actions and events relevant to the fiduciary activities of an association. See Virginia Code 6.2-1081
• Financial institution: means any bank, trust company, savings institution, industrial loan association, consumer finance company, or credit union. See Virginia Code 6.2-100
• Fire Services Board: means the Virginia Fire Services Board as provided for in § Virginia Code 27-95
• Fire sprinkler contractor: means a contractor that provides for the installation, repair, alteration, addition, testing, maintenance, inspection, improvement, or removal of sprinkler systems using water as a means of fire suppression when annexed to real property. See Virginia Code 54.1-1100
• Fireworks: means any firecracker, torpedo, skyrocket, or other substance or object, of whatever form or construction, that contains any explosive or inflammable compound or substance, and is intended, or commonly known as fireworks, and which explodes, rises into the air or travels laterally, or fires projectiles into the air. See Virginia Code 27-95
• Fiscal year: The fiscal year is the accounting period for the government. For the federal government, this begins on October 1 and ends on September 30. The fiscal year is designated by the calendar year in which it ends; for example, fiscal year 2006 begins on October 1, 2005 and ends on September 30, 2006.
• Food vendor: means an establishment that provides prepared food for public consumption on or off its premises and includes a store, shop, sales outlet, restaurant, grocery store, supermarket, delicatessen, or catering truck or vehicle; any other person who provides prepared food; and any individual, organization, group, or state or local government entity that regularly provides food as a part of its services. See Virginia Code 10.1-1414
• Forbearance: A means of handling a delinquent loan. A
• Foreclosure: A legal process in which property that is collateral or security for a loan may be sold to help repay the loan when the loan is in default. ^{Source: OCC}
• Forgery: The fraudulent signing or alteration of another's name to an instrument such as a deed, mortgage, or check. The intent of the forgery is to deceive or defraud. ^{Source: OCC}
• Foundation: means the Virginia Foundation for Healthy Youth, created pursuant to § Virginia Code 32.1-354
• Foundation Allocation: means 10 percent of the annual amount received under the Master Settlement Agreement by the Commonwealth, or that would have been received but for the sale of such allocation pursuant to an agreement, between the starting and ending dates specified in the agreement. See Virginia Code 32.1-354
• Fraud: Intentional deception resulting in injury to another.
• Freedom of Information Act: A federal law that mandates that all the records created and kept by federal agencies in the executive branch of government must be open for public inspection and copying. The only exceptions are those records that fall into one of nine exempted categories listed in the statute. ^{Source: OCC}
• Friable: means that the material when dry may be crumbled, pulverized, or reduced to powder by hand pressure and includes previously nonfriable material after such previously nonfriable material becomes damaged to the extent that when dry it may be crumbled, pulverized, or reduced to powder by hand pressure. See Virginia Code 54.1-500
• functional area: means that grouping of state governmental activities, programs, and agencies which constitute a single budget function as identified and classified in the Virginia State Government Program Structure. See Virginia Code 30-65
• Fund: means the Virginia Tobacco Settlement Fund established pursuant to § Virginia Code 32.1-354
• Fund: means the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority Capital Fund. See Virginia Code 33.2-3400
• Fund: means the Interstate 81 Corridor Improvement Fund. See Virginia Code 33.2-3600
• Fund: means the Central Virginia Transportation Fund. See Virginia Code 33.2-3700
• Fund: means the Small Business Environmental Compliance Assistance Fund. See Virginia Code 10.1-1197.1
• Fund: means the Virginia Community Flood Preparedness Fund created pursuant to § Virginia Code 10.1-1329
• Fund: means the Litter Control and Recycling Fund. See Virginia Code 10.1-1414
• Fund: means the Virginia Contractor Transaction Recovery Fund. See Virginia Code 54.1-1118
• Fund: means the Virginia Real Estate Transaction Recovery Fund. See Virginia Code 54.1-2112
• Garden crypt: means a burial receptacle, usually constructed of reinforced concrete, installed in quantity on gravel or tile underlay. See Virginia Code 54.1-2310
• Garnishment: Generally, garnishment is a court proceeding in which a creditor asks a court to order a third party who owes money to the debtor or otherwise holds assets belonging to the debtor to turn over to the creditor any of the debtor
• Gasification: means a manufacturing process through which recovered feedstocks are heated and converted in an oxygen-deficient atmosphere into a fuel and gas mixture that is then converted to crude oil, diesel fuel, gasoline, home heating oil, ethanol, transportation fuel, other fuels, chemicals, waxes, lubricants, chemical feedstocks, diesel and gasoline blendstocks, or other valuable raw, intermediate, or final products that are returned to economic utility in the form of raw materials, products, or fuels. See Virginia Code 10.1-1400
• Geological mapping: means the process of creating a map on which is recorded geological information, such as the distribution, nature, and age of relationships of rock units, in which surficial deposits may or may not be mapped separately, and the occurrence of structural features such as folds, faults, and joints; mineral deposits; and fossil localities. See Virginia Code 54.1-2200
• Geologist: means a person engaged in the practice of geology. See Virginia Code 54.1-2200
• Geology: means the science encompassing those principles and methods related to (i) the earth and its history in general; (ii) the investigation, prediction, evaluation, and location of materials and structures that compose the earth; (iii) the natural processes that cause changes in the earth; and (iv) the application of knowledge of the earth, its processes, and its constituent rocks, minerals, liquids, gases, and other natural materials. See Virginia Code 54.1-2200
• Gift: A voluntary transfer or conveyance of property without consideration, or for less than full and adequate consideration based on fair market value.
• Goods: means any chattels, merchandise, real or personal property, or commodities of any form or type which may be lawfully kept or offered for sale. See Virginia Code 54.1-600
• Governing board: means the governing board of an association, including the executive organ of a condominium unit owners' association, the executive board of a cooperative proprietary lessees' association, and the board of directors or other governing body of a property owners' association. See Virginia Code 54.1-2345
• Governing bodies: means the boards of supervisors of counties and the councils of cities and towns which are members of an authority. See Virginia Code 15.2-6400
• Governing body: means the board of supervisors of a county, council of a city, or council of a town, as the context may require. See Virginia Code 15.2-102
• Governing body: means the governing body of a county. See Virginia Code 33.2-2100
• Governing instrument: means the written document or documents pursuant to which an association undertakes to act in a fiduciary capacity, and includes a will, codicil, deed of trust, trust deed, and other similar instruments. See Virginia Code 6.2-1081
• Grade: means specifications defining the limits of variation in quality of eggs in such a manner as to differentiate among classes of eggs, and the letter, number, or other symbol by which references may be made. See Virginia Code 3.2-5301
• Grave: means a below-ground right of interment. See Virginia Code 54.1-2310
• Guarantor: A party who agrees to be responsible for the payment of another party's debts should that party default. ^{Source: OCC}
• Guardian: A person legally empowered and charged with the duty of taking care of and managing the property of another person who because of age, intellect, or health, is incapable of managing his (her) own affairs.
• Hazardous substance: means a substance listed under the federal Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act, P. See Virginia Code 10.1-1400
• Hazardous waste: means a solid waste or combination of solid waste that because of its quantity, concentration or physical, chemical, or infectious characteristics may:

  1. See Virginia Code 10.1-1400

• HDA: means the Virginia Housing Development Authority created and established pursuant to § Virginia Code 36-55.26
• Hearing aid: means any wearable instrument or device designed or offered to aid or compensate for impaired human hearing and any parts, attachments, or accessories, including earmolds, but excluding batteries and cords. See Virginia Code 54.1-1500
• Hearsay: Statements by a witness who did not see or hear the incident in question but heard about it from someone else. Hearsay is usually not admissible as evidence in court.
• High-level radioactive waste: which means :

  a. See Virginia Code 10.1-1400

• Highway: means the entire width between the boundary lines of every way or place open to the use of the public for purposes of vehicular travel in the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 33.2-100
• highway construction: means highway, passenger and freight rail, or public transportation purposes. See Virginia Code 33.2-100
• Holder: means a corporation, association, partnership or two or more persons having a joint or common interest. See Virginia Code 3.2-5218
• Home inspection: means any inspection of a residential building for compensation conducted by a licensed home inspector. See Virginia Code 54.1-500
• Home inspector: means a person who meets the criteria of education, experience, and testing required by this chapter and regulations of the Board and who has been licensed by the Board to perform home inspections. See Virginia Code 54.1-500
• Home state: means (i) with respect to a federally chartered trust institution, the state where such institution maintains its principal office and (ii) with respect to any other trust institution, the state that chartered such institution. See Virginia Code 6.2-1065
• Home state regulator: means the bank supervisory agency with primary responsibility for chartering and supervising an out-of-state trust institution. See Virginia Code 6.2-1065
• Host state: means a state, other than the home state of a trust institution, in which the trust institution maintains or seeks to acquire or establish an office. See Virginia Code 6.2-1065
• Hotel: means any place offering to the public for compensation transitory lodging or sleeping accommodations, overnight or otherwise, including facilities known by varying nomenclatures or designations as hotels, motels, travel lodges, tourist homes, or hostels. See Virginia Code 35.1-1
• Household: means those individuals who are related by blood, marriage, or other recognized family relationship and who live in the same house or other place of residence. See Virginia Code 6.2-1300
• Household hazardous waste: means any waste material derived from households (including single and multiple residences, hotels, motels, bunkhouses, ranger stations, crew quarters, campgrounds, picnic grounds, and day-use recreation areas) which, except for the fact that it is derived from a household, would be classified as a hazardous waste, including nickel, cadmium, mercuric oxide, manganese, zinc-carbon or lead batteries; solvent-based paint, paint thinner, paint strippers, or other paint solvents; any product containing trichloroethylene, toxic art supplies, used motor oil and unusable gasoline or kerosene, fluorescent or high intensity light bulbs, ammunition, fireworks, banned pesticides, or restricted-use pesticides as defined in § Virginia Code 10.1-1400
• Householder: means any resident of Virginia. See Virginia Code 34-1
• Housing development costs: means the sum total of all costs incurred in the development of a housing development, which are approved by the HDA as reasonable and necessary, which costs shall include, but are not necessarily limited to: fair value of land owned by the sponsor, or cost of land acquisition and any buildings thereon, including payments for options, deposits, or contracts to purchase properties on the proposed housing site or payments for the purchase of such properties; cost of site preparation, demolition and development; architecture, engineering, legal, accounting, HDA, and other fees paid or payable in connection with the planning, execution and financing of the housing development; cost of necessary studies, surveys, plans and permits; insurance, interest; financing, tax and assessment costs and other operating and carrying costs during construction; cost of construction, rehabilitation, reconstruction, fixtures, furnishings, equipment, machinery and apparatus related to the real property; cost of land improvements, including without limitation, landscaping and off-site improvements, whether or not such costs have been paid in cash or in a form other than cash; necessary expenses in connection with initial occupancy of the housing development; a reasonable profit and risk fee in addition to job overhead to the general contractor and, if applicable, a limited profit housing sponsor; an allowance established by HDA for working capital and contingency reserves, and reserves for any anticipated operating deficits during the first two years of occupancy; in the case of an economically mixed project within a revitalization area designated in or pursuant to § Virginia Code 36-55.26
• Housing lender: means any bank or trust company, mortgage banker approved by the Federal National Mortgage Association, savings bank, national banking association, savings and loan association or building and loan association, mortgage broker, mortgage company, mortgage lender, life insurance company, credit union, agency or authority of the Commonwealth or any other state, or locality authorized to finance housing loans on properties located in or outside of the Commonwealth to persons and families of any income. See Virginia Code 36-55.26
• Housing sponsor: means individuals, joint ventures, partnerships, limited partnerships, public bodies, trusts, firms, associations, or other legal entities or any combination thereof, corporations, cooperatives and condominiums, approved by HDA as qualified either to own, construct, acquire, rehabilitate, operate, manage or maintain a housing development whether nonprofit or organized for limited profit subject to the regulatory powers of HDA and other terms and conditions set forth in this chapter. See Virginia Code 36-55.26
• HUD: means the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development. See Virginia Code 36-85.3
• Immediate container: means any consumer package; or any other container in which livestock products or poultry products, not consumer packaged, are packed. See Virginia Code 3.2-5400
• Immediate family: means the individuals in a household who are related by blood, marriage, or other recognized family relationship. See Virginia Code 6.2-1300
• Improper or dishonest conduct: includes only the wrongful taking or conversion of money, property or other things of value which involves fraud, material misrepresentation or conduct constituting gross negligence, continued incompetence, or intentional violation of the Uniform Statewide Building Code (§ 36-97 et seq. See Virginia Code 54.1-1118
• Improper or dishonest conduct: includes only the wrongful and fraudulent taking or conversion of money, property or other things of value or material misrepresentation or deceit. See Virginia Code 54.1-2112
• improvement: shall include (i) remediation, cleanup, or containment of premises to remove contaminants or (ii) site work necessary to make certain real property usable for human occupancy according to the guidelines established pursuant to § Virginia Code 54.1-1100
• Improvements to real property: means any valuable addition or amelioration made to land and generally whatever is erected on or affixed to land which is intended to enhance its value, beauty or utility, or adapt it to new or further purposes. See Virginia Code 54.1-400
• in writing: include any representation of words, letters, symbols, numbers, or figures, whether (i) printed or inscribed on a tangible medium or (ii) stored in an electronic or other medium and retrievable in a perceivable form and whether an electronic signature authorized by Virginia Code 1-257
• In-person communication: means face-to-face communication and telephonic communication. See Virginia Code 54.1-2310
• Includes: means includes, but not limited to. See Virginia Code 1-218
• Indemnification: In general, a collateral contract or assurance under which one person agrees to secure another person against either anticipated financial losses or potential adverse legal consequences. ^{Source: FDIC}
• Independent contractor: means a real estate licensee who (i) enters into a brokerage relationship based upon a brokerage agreement that specifically states that the real estate licensee is acting as an independent contractor and not as an agent; (ii) shall have the obligations agreed to by the parties in the brokerage agreement; and (iii) shall comply with the provisions of subdivisions A 3 through 7 and subsections B and E of § Virginia Code 54.1-2130
• Industrialized building: means a combination of one or more sections or modules, subject to state regulations and including the necessary electrical, plumbing, heating, ventilating and other service systems, manufactured off-site and transported to the point of use for installation or erection, with or without other specified components, to comprise a finished building. See Virginia Code 36-71.1
• Information technology: means all electronic information processing hardware and software, including telecommunications. See Virginia Code 2.2-3501
• Information technology: means communications, telecommunications, automated data processing, applications, databases, data networks, the Internet, management information systems, and related information, equipment, goods, and services. See Virginia Code 2.2-2006
• inhabitants: means with reference to any county, city, town, political subdivision of the Commonwealth or any combination thereof, the natural persons in such county, city, town, political subdivision or combination as shown by the unadjusted United States decennial census last preceding the time at which any provision dependent upon population is being applied or the time as of which it is being construed. See Virginia Code 1-235
• Injunction: An order of the court prohibiting (or compelling) the performance of a specific act to prevent irreparable damage or injury.
• insolvency: means that (i) a credit union is incapable of meeting the current demands of creditors or (ii) the current value of a credit union's assets is less than the current value of the sum of its share accounts and liabilities. See Virginia Code 6.2-1313
• Inspection: means a method of regulation whereby a state agency periodically examines the activities and premises of practitioners of an occupation or profession to ascertain if the practitioner is carrying out his profession or occupation in a manner consistent with the public health, safety and welfare. See Virginia Code 54.1-300
• Inspection warrant: means an order in writing, made in the name of the Commonwealth, signed by any judge or magistrate whose territorial jurisdiction encompasses the building, structure or premises to be inspected or entered, and directed to a state or local official, commanding him to enter and to conduct any inspection, examination, testing or collection of samples for testing required or authorized by the Virginia Statewide Fire Prevention Code. See Virginia Code 27-95
• Inspector: means an employee or official of the Commonwealth authorized by the Commissioner or any employee or official of the government of any locality authorized by the Commissioner to perform any inspection functions under this article under an agreement between the Commissioner and such governmental subdivision. See Virginia Code 3.2-5400
• Insuring organization: means an organization that provides aid and financial assistance to credit unions that are in the process of liquidation or are incurring financial difficulty in order that the share accounts in the credit unions shall be protected or guaranteed against loss up to a specified limit for each account, such as the National Credit Union Administration Share Insurance Fund, a corporation organized under Article 5 (§ Virginia Code 6.2-1300
• Intercollegiate sport: means a sport played at the collegiate level for which eligibility requirements for participation by a student-athlete are established by a national association that promotes or regulates collegiate athletics. See Virginia Code 54.1-526
• Interest rate: The amount paid by a borrower to a lender in exchange for the use of the lender's money for a certain period of time. Interest is paid on loans or on debt instruments, such as notes or bonds, either at regular intervals or as part of a lump sum payment when the issue matures. ^{Source: OCC}
• Interim agreement: means an agreement, including a memorandum of understanding or binding preliminary agreement, between the private entity and the responsible public entity that provides for completion of studies and any other activities to advance the development and/or operation of a qualifying transportation facility. See Virginia Code 33.2-1800
• Interment: means all forms of final disposal of human remains including, but not limited to, earth burial, mausoleum entombment and niche or columbarium inurnment. See Virginia Code 54.1-2310
• Interrogatories: Written questions asked by one party of an opposing party, who must answer them in writing under oath; a discovery device in a lawsuit.
• Interstate System: means the same as that term is defined in Virginia Code 33.2-100
• Investment authority: means the responsibility conferred by action of law or a provision of a governing instrument to make, select, or change investments, review investment decisions made by others, or to provide investment advice or counsel to others. See Virginia Code 6.2-1081
• Irrevocable trust: A trust arrangement that cannot be revoked, rescinded, or repealed by the grantor.
• ITAC: means the Information Technology Advisory Council created in § Virginia Code 2.2-2006
• Joint resolution: A legislative measure which requires the approval of both chambers.
• Judgement: The official decision of a court finally determining the respective rights and claims of the parties to a suit.
• Judgment: includes an order of a United States Bankruptcy Court (i) declaring a claim against a regulant who is in bankruptcy to be a "Debt Nondischargeable in Bankruptcy" (ii) extinguishing a claim against a regulant who is in bankruptcy and for which claim no distribution was made from the regulant's bankruptcy estate but excluding any such claim disallowed by order of the bankruptcy court, or (iii) extinguishing a claim against a regulant who is in bankruptcy and for which claim only partial distribution was made from the regulant's bankruptcy estate. See Virginia Code 54.1-1118
• Judgment: includes an order of a United States Bankruptcy Court (i) declaring a claim against a regulant who is in bankruptcy to be a "Debt Nondischargeable in Bankruptcy" (ii) extinguishing a claim against a regulant who is in bankruptcy and for which claim no distribution was made from the regulant's bankruptcy estate but excluding any such claim disallowed by order of the bankruptcy court, or (iii) extinguishing a claim against a regulant who is in bankruptcy and for which claim only partial distribution was made from the regulant's bankruptcy estate. See Virginia Code 54.1-2112
• Jurisdiction: (1) The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a case. Concurrent jurisdiction exists when two courts have simultaneous responsibility for the same case. (2) The geographic area over which the court has authority to decide cases.
• Jurisprudence: The study of law and the structure of the legal system.
• key personnel: includes all key personnel of that entity, provided that where such entity is a chartered lending institution or a reporting company under the Federal Securities Exchange Act of 1934, "key personnel" does not include key personnel of such entity. See Virginia Code 10.1-1400
• Label: means a display of written, printed, or graphic matter upon any article or the immediate container (not including package liners) of any article. See Virginia Code 3.2-5400
• Labeling: means all labels and other written, printed, or graphic matter: (i) upon any article or any of its containers or wrappers; or (ii) accompanying such article. See Virginia Code 3.2-5400
• Laboring person: means any person who receives wages for his services. See Virginia Code 34-1
• Land development: means the process of acquiring land for residential housing construction, and of making, installing, or constructing nonresidential housing improvements, including, without limitation, waterlines and water supply installations, sewer lines and sewage disposal and treatment installations, steam, gas and electric lines and installations, roads, streets, curbs, gutters, sidewalks, storm drainage facilities, other related pollution control facilities, and other installations or works, whether on or off the site, which HDA deems necessary or desirable to prepare such land primarily for residential housing construction within the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 36-55.26
• Land surveyor: means a person who, by reason of his knowledge of the several sciences and of the principles of land surveying, and of the planning and design of land developments acquired by practical experience and formal education, is qualified to engage in the practice of land surveying, and whose competence has been attested by the Board through licensure as a land surveyor. See Virginia Code 54.1-400
• landowner: means the person that has the usufruct, control, or occupation of the taxable real property as determined, pursuant to § Virginia Code 33.2-2000
• landowner: means the person that is assessed with real property taxes pursuant to § Virginia Code 33.2-2100
• Landscape architect: means a person who, by reason of his special knowledge of natural, physical and mathematical sciences, and the principles and methodology of landscape architecture and landscape architectural design acquired by professional education, practical experience, or both, is qualified to engage in the practice of landscape architecture and whose competence has been attested by the Board through licensure as a landscape architect. See Virginia Code 54.1-400
• Lawsuit: A legal action started by a plaintiff against a defendant based on a complaint that the defendant failed to perform a legal duty, resulting in harm to the plaintiff.
• Lead abatement: means any measure or set of measures designed to permanently eliminate lead-based paint hazards, including lead-contaminated dust or soil. See Virginia Code 54.1-500
• lead acid battery: shall mean any wet cell battery. See Virginia Code 10.1-1425.1
• Lead contractor: means a person who has met the Board's requirements and has been issued a license by the Board to enter into contracts to perform lead abatements. See Virginia Code 54.1-500
• Lead inspection: means a surface-by-surface investigation to determine the presence of lead-based paint and the provisions of a report explaining the results of the investigation. See Virginia Code 54.1-500
• Lead inspector: means an individual who has been licensed by the Board to conduct lead inspections and abatement clearance testing. See Virginia Code 54.1-500
• Lead project design: means any descriptive form written as instructions or drafted as a plan describing the construction or setting up of a lead abatement project area and the work practices to be utilized during the lead abatement project. See Virginia Code 54.1-500
• Lead project designer: means an individual who has been licensed by the Board to prepare lead project designs. See Virginia Code 54.1-500
• Lead risk assessment: means (i) an on-site investigation to determine the existence, nature, severity and location of lead-based paint hazards and (ii) the provision of a report by the individual or the firm conducting the risk assessment, explaining the results of the investigation and options for reducing lead-based paint hazards. See Virginia Code 54.1-500
• Lead risk assessor: means an individual who has been licensed by the Board to conduct lead inspections, lead risk assessments and abatement clearance testing. See Virginia Code 54.1-500
• Lead supervisor: means an individual who has been licensed by the Board to supervise lead abatements. See Virginia Code 54.1-500
• Lead-based paint: means paint or other surface coatings that contain lead equal to or in excess of 1. See Virginia Code 54.1-500
• Lead-contaminated soil: means bare soil that contains lead at or in excess of levels identified by the Environmental Protection Agency. See Virginia Code 54.1-500
• Lease: A contract transferring the use of property or occupancy of land, space, structures, or equipment in consideration of a payment (e.g., rent). ^{Source: OCC}
• Legislative session: That part of a chamber's daily session in which it considers legislative business (bills, resolutions, and actions related thereto).
• Liabilities: The aggregate of all debts and other legal obligations of a particular person or legal entity.
• Licensed hearing aid specialist: means any person who is the holder of a hearing aid specialist license issued by the Board for Hearing Aid Specialists and Opticians. See Virginia Code 54.1-1500
• Licensed optician: means any person who is the holder of an optician license issued by the Board for Hearing Aid Specialists and Opticians. See Virginia Code 54.1-1500
• Licensed optometrist: means any person authorized by Virginia law to practice optometry. See Virginia Code 54.1-1500
• Licensed physician: means any person licensed by the Board of Medicine to practice medicine and surgery. See Virginia Code 54.1-1500
• Licensed residential building energy analyst: means an individual who has successfully completed an accredited residential building energy analyst training program or meets the criteria of experience required by this article and regulations of the Board and who has been licensed by the Board. See Virginia Code 54.1-1144
• Licensed residential real estate appraiser: means an individual who meets the requirements for licensure for the appraisal of any residential real estate or real property of one to four family residential units as the Board, by regulation, may permit, and such other real estate and real property as the Board, by regulation, may permit. See Virginia Code 54.1-2009
• Licensee: means any person holding a valid license issued by the Board. See Virginia Code 54.1-2310
• Licensee: means real estate brokers and salespersons as defined in Article 1 (§ Virginia Code 54.1-2130
• Licensure: means a method of regulation whereby the Commonwealth, through the issuance of a license, authorizes a person possessing the character and minimum skills to engage in the practice of a profession or occupation that is unlawful to practice without a license. See Virginia Code 54.1-300
• Lien: A claim against real or personal property in satisfaction of a debt.
• Life estate: A property interest limited in duration to the life of the individual holding the interest (life tenant).
• Limited service agent: means a licensee who acts for or represents a client in a residential real estate transaction pursuant to a brokerage agreement that provides that the limited service agent will not provide one or more of the duties set forth in subdivision A 2 of §§ Virginia Code 54.1-2130
• Litigation: A case, controversy, or lawsuit. Participants (plaintiffs and defendants) in lawsuits are called litigants.
• Litter: means all waste material disposable packages or containers but not including the wastes of the primary processes of mining, logging, sawmilling, farming, or manufacturing. See Virginia Code 10.1-1414
• Litter bag: means a bag, sack, or durable material which is large enough to serve as a receptacle for litter inside a vehicle or watercraft which is similar in size and capacity to a state approved litter bag. See Virginia Code 10.1-1414
• Livestock: means any cattle, sheep, swine, goats, horses, mules, or other equines, whether live or dead. See Virginia Code 3.2-5400
• Loan servicer: means any person who, on behalf of a housing lender, collects or receives payments, including payments of principal, interest, escrow amounts, and other amounts due, on obligations due and owing to the housing lender pursuant to a residential mortgage loan or who, when the borrower is in default or in foreseeable likelihood of default, works on behalf of the housing lender with the borrower to modify or refinance, either temporarily or permanently, the obligations in order to avoid foreclosure or otherwise to finalize collection through the foreclosure process. See Virginia Code 36-55.26
• Local government: means the governing body of any city, county or town in this Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 27-95
• Locality: has the meaning assigned to it in § 1-221. See Virginia Code 33.2-100
• Locality: means any county or city. See Virginia Code 33.2-2000
• Locality: means a county, city, or town as the context may require. See Virginia Code 1-221
• Lot: means (i) any plot or parcel of land designated for separate ownership or occupancy shown on a recorded subdivision plat for a development or the boundaries of which are described in the declaration or in a recorded instrument referred to or expressly contemplated by the declaration, other than a common area, and (ii) a unit in a condominium association or a unit in a real estate cooperative. See Virginia Code 54.1-2345
• Maintenance: means (i) ordinary maintenance; (ii) maintenance replacement; (iii) operations that include traffic signal synchronization, incident management, and other intelligent transportation system functions; and (iv) any other categories of maintenance that may be designated by the Commissioner of Highways. See Virginia Code 33.2-100
• Major information technology project: means any Commonwealth information technology project that has a total estimated cost of more than $1 million or that has been designated a major information technology project by the CIO pursuant to the Commonwealth Project Management Standard developed under § Virginia Code 2.2-2006
• Management services: means (i) acting with the authority of an association in its business, legal, financial, or other transactions with association members and nonmembers; (ii) executing the resolutions and decisions of an association or, with the authority of the association, enforcing the rights of the association secured by statute, contract, covenant, rule, or bylaw; (iii) collecting, disbursing, or otherwise exercising dominion or control over money or other property belonging to an association; (iv) preparing budgets, financial statements, or other financial reports for an association; (v) arranging, conducting, or coordinating meetings of an association or the governing body of an association; (vi) negotiating contracts or otherwise coordinating or arranging for services or the purchase of property and goods for or on behalf of an association; or (vii) offering or soliciting to perform any of the aforesaid acts or services on behalf of an association. See Virginia Code 54.1-2345
• Managing agent: means the fiduciary relationship assumed by an association upon the creation of an account that names the association as agent and confers investment authority upon the association. See Virginia Code 6.2-1081
• Manifest: means the form used for identifying the quantity, composition, origin, routing, and destination of hazardous waste during its transportation from the point of generation to the point of disposal, treatment, or storage of such hazardous waste. See Virginia Code 10.1-1400
• Manufactured home: means a structure subject to federal regulation, which is transportable in one or more sections; is eight body feet or more in width and forty body feet or more in length in the traveling mode, or is 320 or more square feet when erected on site; is built on a permanent chassis; is designed to be used as a single-family dwelling, with or without a permanent foundation, when connected to the required utilities; and includes the plumbing, heating, air-conditioning, and electrical systems contained in the structure. See Virginia Code 36-85.3
• Manufactured home construction: means all activities relating to the assembly and manufacture of a manufactured home including but not limited to those relating to durability, quality, and safety. See Virginia Code 36-85.3
• Manufacturer: means any person that produces products, packages, packaging, or components of products or packaging. See Virginia Code 10.1-1425.21
• Martial artist: means a person competing in the sport of martial arts. See Virginia Code 54.1-828
• mass transit: means passenger transportation by rubber-tired, rail, or other surface conveyance that provides shared ride services open to the general public on a regular and continuing basis. See Virginia Code 33.2-100
• Master esthetician: means a licensed esthetician who, in addition to the practice of esthetics, offers to the public for compensation, without the use of laser technology, lymphatic drainage, chemical exfoliation, or microdermabrasion, and who has met such additional requirements as determined by the Board to practice lymphatic drainage, chemical exfoliation with products other than Schedules II through VI controlled substances as defined in the Drug Control Act (§ Virginia Code 54.1-700
• Matchmaker: means any person who proposes, selects, arranges for, or in any manner procures specific individuals to be contestants in an event. See Virginia Code 54.1-828
• Material default: means any default by the private entity in the performance of its duties under subsection E of § Virginia Code 33.2-1800
• Mausoleum crypt: means a burial receptacle usually constructed of reinforced concrete and usually constructed or assembled above the ground and is considered real property. See Virginia Code 54.1-2310
• Meat food product: means any product capable of use as human food that is made wholly or in part from any meat or other portion of the carcass of any cattle, sheep, swine, or goats. See Virginia Code 3.2-5400
• Medical care facility: means any institution, place, building, or agency, whether or not licensed or required to be licensed by the Board or the Department of Behavioral Health and Developmental Services, whether operated for profit or nonprofit, and whether privately owned or privately operated or owned or operated by a local governmental unit, (i) by or in which health services are furnished, conducted, operated, or offered for the prevention, diagnosis, or treatment of human disease, pain, injury, deformity, or physical condition, whether medical or surgical, of two or more nonrelated persons who are injured or physically sick or have mental illness, or for the care of two or more nonrelated persons requiring or receiving medical, surgical, nursing, acute, chronic, convalescent, or long-term care services, or services for individuals with disabilities, or (ii) which is the recipient of reimbursements from third-party health insurance programs or prepaid medical service plans. See Virginia Code 32.1-3
• meetings: means the meetings including work sessions, when sitting physically, or through electronic communication means pursuant to § Virginia Code 2.2-3701
• Member credit union: means a credit union which is a member of the corporation. See Virginia Code 6.2-1331
• Member localities: means the counties, cities, and towns, or combination thereof, which are members of an authority. See Virginia Code 15.2-6400
• Ministerial acts: means those routine acts which a licensee can perform for a person which do not involve discretion or the exercise of the licensee's own judgment. See Virginia Code 54.1-2130
• Minority leader: See Floor Leaders
• Month: means a calendar month and "year" means a calendar year. See Virginia Code 1-223
• Mortgage: The written agreement pledging property to a creditor as collateral for a loan.
• Mortgage: means a mortgage deed, deed of trust, or other security instrument which shall constitute a lien in the Commonwealth on improvements and real property in fee simple, on a leasehold under a lease having a remaining term, which at the time such mortgage is acquired does not expire for at least that number of years beyond the maturity date of the interest-bearing obligation secured by such mortgage as is equal to the number of years remaining until the maturity date of such obligation or on personal property, contract rights or other assets. See Virginia Code 36-55.26
• Mortgage lender: means any bank or trust company, mortgage banker approved by the Federal National Mortgage Association, savings bank, national banking association, savings and loan association, or building and loan association, life insurance company, the federal government or other financial institutions or government agencies which are authorized to and customarily provide service or otherwise aid in the financing of mortgages on residential housing located in the Commonwealth for persons and families of low or moderate income. See Virginia Code 36-55.26
• Mortgage loan: A loan made by a lender to a borrower for the financing of real property. ^{Source: OCC}
• Mortgage loan: means an interest-bearing obligation secured by a mortgage. See Virginia Code 36-55.26
• Mortgagee: The person to whom property is mortgaged and who has loaned the money.
• Mortgagor: The person who pledges property to a creditor as collateral for a loan and who receives the money.
• Multifamily residential housing: means residential housing other than single-family residential housing, as hereinafter defined. See Virginia Code 36-55.26
• Multimodal transportation facility: means a transportation facility consisting of multiple modes of transportation. See Virginia Code 33.2-1800
• Municipality: means any city, town, county, or other political subdivision of the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 36-55.26
• Municipality: has the meaning assigned to it in § 1-224. See Virginia Code 33.2-100
• municipality: as used in this chapter shall mean any county, city or town in the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 36-47
• Nail care: means manicuring or pedicuring natural nails or performing artificial nail services. See Virginia Code 54.1-700
• Nail salon: means any commercial establishment, residence, vehicle or other establishment, place or event wherein nail care is offered or practiced on a regular basis for compensation and may include the training of apprentices under regulations of the Board. See Virginia Code 54.1-700
• Nail technician: means any person who for compensation manicures or pedicures natural nails, or who performs artificial nail services for compensation, or any combination thereof. See Virginia Code 54.1-700
• National Bank: A bank that is subject to the supervision of the Comptroller of the Currency. The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency is a bureau of the U.S. Treasury Department. A national bank can be recognized because it must have "national" or "national association" in its name. ^{Source: OCC}
• National Credit Union Administration: The federal regulatory agency that charters and supervises federal credit unions. (NCUA also administers the National Credit Union Share Insurance Fund, which insures the deposits of federal credit unions.) ^{Source: OCC}
• New trust office: means a trust office located in a host state that (i) is originally established by the trust institution as a trust office and (ii) does not become a trust office of the trust institution as a result of (a) the acquisition of another trust institution or trust office of another trust institution or (b) a merger, consolidation, or conversion involving any such trust institution or trust office. See Virginia Code 6.2-1065
• Nonhousing building: means a building or portion thereof and any related improvements and facilities used or to be used for manufacturing, industrial, commercial, governmental, educational, entertainment, community development, health care, or nonprofit enterprises or undertakings other than residential housing. See Virginia Code 36-55.26
• Nonlegislative citizen member: means any natural person who is not a member of the General Assembly of Virginia. See Virginia Code 1-225
• Nonprofit entity: means (i) a foreign or domestic nonstock corporation licensed and subject to regulation under Virginia Code 32.1-373
• Nonvisual: means synthesized speech, Braille, and other output methods not requiring sight. See Virginia Code 2.2-3501
• Notary: means notary public. See Virginia Code 1-226
• nuclear waste: includes :

  1. See Virginia Code 10.1-1400

• Nursery: means any premises where nursery stock is propagated, grown, fumigated, treated, packed, stored, or otherwise prepared for sale or distribution. See Virginia Code 3.2-3800
• Nursery stock: means all trees, shrubs, woody vines (including ornamentals), bush fruits, grapevines, fruit trees, and nut trees offered for sale and distribution; all buds, grafts, scions, and cuttings from such plants; and any container, soil, and other packing material with such plants or plant products. See Virginia Code 3.2-3800
• NVTC: means the Northern Virginia Transportation Commission. See Virginia Code 33.2-3400
• Oath: A promise to tell the truth.
• Oath: includes affirmation. See Virginia Code 1-228
• Obligation: An order placed, contract awarded, service received, or similar transaction during a given period that will require payments during the same or a future period.
• Official certificate: means any certificate prescribed by regulations of the Board for issuance by an inspector or other person performing official functions under this article. See Virginia Code 3.2-5400
• Official device: means any device prescribed or authorized by the Commissioner for use in applying any official mark. See Virginia Code 3.2-5400
• Official establishment: means any establishment as determined by the Commissioner at which inspection of the slaughter of livestock or poultry or the preparation of livestock products or poultry products is maintained under the authority of this article. See Virginia Code 3.2-5400
• Official inspection legend: means any symbol prescribed by regulations of the Board showing that an article was inspected and passed in accordance with this article. See Virginia Code 3.2-5400
• Official mark: means the official inspection legend or any other symbol prescribed by regulations of the Board to identify the status of any article or livestock or poultry under this article. See Virginia Code 3.2-5400
• Onsite sewage system: means a conventional onsite sewage system or alternative onsite sewage system as defined in § Virginia Code 54.1-2300
• Open dump: means a site on which any solid waste is placed, discharged, deposited, injected, dumped, or spilled so as to create a nuisance or present a threat of a release of harmful substances into the environment or present a hazard to human health. See Virginia Code 10.1-1400
• Operating plan: means a plan that establishes the policies and procedures a private trust company will have in effect when the institution opens for business and thereafter (i) to ensure that trust accounts are handled in accordance with recognized standards of fiduciary conduct and (ii) to assure compliance with applicable laws and regulations. See Virginia Code 6.2-1074
• operation: means to finance, maintain, improve, equip, modify, repair, or operate. See Virginia Code 33.2-1800
• Operator: means any individual employed or appointed by any owner, and who is designated by such owner to be the person in responsible charge, such as a supervisor, a shift operator, or a substitute in charge, and whose duties include testing or evaluation to control waterworks or wastewater works operations or to operate and maintain onsite sewage systems. See Virginia Code 54.1-2300
• Optician: means any person not exempted by § Virginia Code 54.1-1500
• Original bill: A bill which is drafted by a committee. It is introduced by the committee or subcommittee chairman after the committee votes to report it.
• Out-of-state trust institution: means a trust institution whose home state is a state other than the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 6.2-1065
• Over-the-counter hearing aid: means an air-conduction hearing aid that does not require implantation or other surgical intervention and is intended for use by a person age 18 or older to compensate for perceived mild to moderate hearing impairment. See Virginia Code 54.1-1500
• Oversight: Committee review of the activities of a Federal agency or program.
• Owner: means the Commonwealth of Virginia, or any political subdivision thereof, any public or private institution, corporation, association, firm or company organized or existing under the laws of this Commonwealth or of any other state or nation, or any person or group of persons acting individually or as a group, who own, manage, or maintain waterworks or wastewater works. See Virginia Code 54.1-2300
• Owner-developer: means any person who, for a third party purchaser, orders or supervises the construction, removal, repair, or improvement of any building or structure permanently annexed to real property owned, controlled, or leased by the owner-developer, or any other improvement to such property and who contracts with a person licensed in accordance with this chapter for the work undertaken. See Virginia Code 54.1-1100
• Owning bank: means a bank owning 10 percent or more of the shares of a trust subsidiary. See Virginia Code 6.2-1047
• package: means any box, can, tin, cloth, plastic, or other receptacle, wrapper, or cover. See Virginia Code 3.2-5400
• Package: means any container which provides a means of marketing, protecting, or handling a product, including a unit package, intermediate package, or a shipping container, as defined in the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) specification D996. See Virginia Code 10.1-1425.21
• Packaging component: means any individual assembled part of a package, including, but not limited to, interior and exterior blocking, bracing, cushioning, weatherproofing, exterior strapping, coatings, closures, inks, and labels. See Virginia Code 10.1-1425.21
• Participating employer: means an employer that facilitates a payroll deposit retirement savings agreement pursuant to this chapter for its eligible employees. See Virginia Code 2.2-2744
• Participating town: means a town that has real property within its boundaries included within a district created pursuant to this chapter. See Virginia Code 33.2-2100
• Partnership: A voluntary contract between two or more persons to pool some or all of their assets into a business, with the agreement that there will be a proportional sharing of profits and losses.
• Period of sale: means the time during which a purchase under an agreement is entitled to receive the Foundation Allocation. See Virginia Code 32.1-354
• Permissible fireworks: means any fountains that do not emit sparks or other burning effects to a distance greater than five meters (16. See Virginia Code 27-95
• Perpetual care trust fund: means a fund created to provide income to a cemetery to provide care, maintenance, administration and embellishment of the cemetery. See Virginia Code 54.1-2310
• Person: shall include individuals, a trust, an estate, a partnership, an association, an order, a corporation, or any other legal or commercial entity;

  6. See Virginia Code 8.01-2

• Person: means an individual, corporation, partnership, association, or any other legal entity. See Virginia Code 35.1-1
• Person: means an individual, corporation, partnership, or association or any other legal entity. See Virginia Code 32.1-3
• Person: means the term as defined in § 1-230. See Virginia Code 3.2-3800
• Person: means an individual, estate, business or nonprofit entity, public corporation, government or governmental subdivision, agency, or instrumentality or other legal entity. See Virginia Code 54.1-526
• Person: means any natural person, association, partnership, or corporation, and the officers, directors, and employees of a corporation. See Virginia Code 54.1-600
• Person: means a natural person, corporation, partnership, sole proprietorship, firm, enterprise, franchise, association or any other entity. See Virginia Code 54.1-828
• Person: means any natural person, partnership, association, corporation or trust. See Virginia Code 54.1-1800
• Person: means an individual, corporation, partnership, association, governmental body, municipal corporation or any other legal entity. See Virginia Code 54.1-2209
• Person: means any individual, group of individuals, a corporation, a partnership, a business trust, an association or other similar legal entity engaged in operating waterworks or wastewater works. See Virginia Code 54.1-2300
• person: means any individual, firm, copartnership, corporation, company, association or joint-stock association, and includes any trustee, receiver, assignee, or personal representative thereof. See Virginia Code 5.1-89
• Person: means any individual, corporation, partnership, association, cooperative, limited liability company, trust, joint venture, government, political subdivision, or other legal or commercial entity. See Virginia Code 6.2-100
• Person: means an individual, corporation, partnership, association, a governmental body, a municipal corporation, or any other legal entity. See Virginia Code 10.1-1300
• Person: includes an individual, corporation, partnership, association, governmental body, municipal corporation, or any other legal entity. See Virginia Code 10.1-1400
• Person: means a corporation, partnership, sole proprietorship, firm, enterprise, franchise, association or any other individual or entity. See Virginia Code 54.1-500
• Person: means any individual, firm, corporation, association, partnership, joint venture, or other legal entity. See Virginia Code 54.1-1100
• Person: means any natural person, corporation, association, firm, receiver, guardian, trustee, executor, administrator, fiduciary, or representative or group of individuals or entities of any kind. See Virginia Code 10.1-1414
• Person: includes any individual, corporation, partnership, association, cooperative, limited liability company, trust, joint venture, government, political subdivision, or any other legal or commercial entity and any successor, representative, agent, agency, or instrumentality thereof. See Virginia Code 1-230
• Person under a disability: shall include :

  a. See Virginia Code 8.01-2

• person under a disability: as used in this article shall have the meanings ascribed to them in § Virginia Code 8.01-67
• Person under disability: includes a person less than 18 years of age. See Virginia Code 1-232
• Personal estate: includes chattels real and such other estate as, upon the death of the owner intestate, would devolve upon his personal representative. See Virginia Code 1-233
• Personal property: All property that is not real property.
• Personal representative: includes the executor of a will or the administrator of the estate of a decedent, the administrator of such estate with the will annexed, the administrator of such estate unadministered by a former representative, whether there is a will or not, any person who is under the order of a circuit court to take into his possession the estate of a decedent for administration, and every other curator of a decedent's estate, for or against whom suits may be brought for causes of action that accrued to or against the decedent. See Virginia Code 1-234
• Persons and families of low and moderate income: means persons and families, irrespective of race, creed, national origin, sex, sexual orientation, or gender identity, determined by the HDA to require such assistance as is made available by this chapter on account of insufficient personal or family income taking into consideration, without limitation, such factors as follows: (i) the amount of the total income of such persons and families available for housing needs, (ii) the size of the family, (iii) the cost and condition of housing facilities available, (iv) the ability of such persons and families to compete successfully in the normal private housing market and to pay the amounts at which private enterprise is providing sanitary, decent and safe housing, and (v) if appropriate, standards established for various federal programs determining eligibility based on income of such persons and families. See Virginia Code 36-55.26
• Place of business: means a location where the principal broker, or individuals or business entities employed by or affiliated as an independent contractor with the principal broker, regularly transacts the business of a real estate broker or salesperson. See Virginia Code 54.1-2100
• Plaintiff: The person who files the complaint in a civil lawsuit.
• Plan: means the Interstate 81 Corridor Improvement Plan adopted by the Board on December 5, 2018, and any updates or amendments made thereto in accordance with the provisions of this chapter. See Virginia Code 33.2-3600
• planning of land and subdivisions thereof: shall include , but not be limited to, the preparation of incidental plans and profiles for roads, streets and sidewalks, grading, drainage on the surface, culverts and erosion control measures, with reference to existing state or local standards. See Virginia Code 54.1-400
• Plant pest: means any living stage of insects, mites, nematodes, slugs, snails, protozoa, other invertebrate animals, bacteria, fungi, other parasitic plants, parasitic plant parts, viruses, any other similar organism, or any infectious substances that can injure, infect, or damage any plants or plant products. See Virginia Code 3.2-3800
• Plants or plant products: means any trees, shrubs, vines, forage, fiber, cereal, and all other plants; cuttings, grafts, scions, buds, and all other plant parts; fruit, vegetables, roots, bulbs, seeds, wood, lumber, and all other plant products; or any container, soil, and packing material with plants or plant products. See Virginia Code 3.2-3800
• Plea: In a criminal case, the defendant's statement pleading "guilty" or "not guilty" in answer to the charges, a declaration made in open court.
• Pleadings: Written statements of the parties in a civil case of their positions. In the federal courts, the principal pleadings are the complaint and the answer.
• Pollution prevention: means eliminating or reducing the use, generation or release at the source of environmental waste. See Virginia Code 10.1-1425.10
• Polygraph: means any mechanical or electronic instrument or device used to test or question individuals for the purpose of determining truthfulness. See Virginia Code 54.1-1800
• Polygraph examiner: means any person who uses a polygraph to test or question individuals for the purpose of determining truthfulness. See Virginia Code 54.1-1800
• Poultry: means any domesticated bird, whether live or dead. See Virginia Code 3.2-5400
• Poultry product: means any poultry carcass or part thereof; or any product that is made wholly or in part from any poultry carcass or part thereof, excepting products that contain poultry ingredients only in a relatively small proportion or historically have not been considered by consumers as products of the poultry food industry, and that are exempted by the Commissioner from definition as a poultry product under such conditions as he may prescribe to assure that the poultry ingredients in such products are not adulterated and that such products are not represented as poultry products. See Virginia Code 3.2-5400
• Power of attorney: A written instrument which authorizes one person to act as another's agent or attorney. The power of attorney may be for a definite, specific act, or it may be general in nature. The terms of the written power of attorney may specify when it will expire. If not, the power of attorney usually expires when the person granting it dies. ^{Source: OCC}
• practice of architecture: means any service wherein the principles and methods of architecture are applied, such as consultation, investigation, evaluation, planning and design, and includes the responsible administration of construction contracts, in connection with any private or public buildings, structures or projects, or the related equipment or accessories. See Virginia Code 54.1-400
• practice of engineering: means any service wherein the principles and methods of engineering are applied to, but are not necessarily limited to, the following areas: consultation, investigation, evaluation, planning and design of public or private utilities, structures, machines, equipment, processes, transportation systems and work systems, including responsible administration of construction contracts. See Virginia Code 54.1-400
• Practice of geology: means the performance of any professional service or work wherein the principles and methods of geology are applied, including (i) investigating, evaluating, and consulting; (ii) geological mapping; (iii) describing the natural processes that act upon the earth's materials; (iv) predicting the probable occurrence of natural processes; and (v) inspecting, planning, and performing and supervising geological work in order to enhance and protect the health, safety, and welfare of the public and the environment. See Virginia Code 54.1-2200
• practice of land surveying: includes surveying of areas for a determination or correction, a description, the establishment or reestablishment of internal and external land boundaries, or the determination of topography, contours or location of physical improvements, and also includes the planning of land and subdivisions thereof. See Virginia Code 54.1-400
• Practice of soil evaluation: means the evaluation of soil by accepted principles and methods including, observation, investigation, and consultation on measured, observed, and inferred soils and their properties; analysis of the effects of these properties on the use and management of various kinds of soil; and preparation of soil descriptions, maps, reports, and interpretive drawings. See Virginia Code 54.1-2200
• Practice of wetland delineation: means the delineation of wetlands by accepted principles and methods including, observation, investigation, and consultation on soil, vegetation, and hydrologic parameters; and preparation of wetland delineations, descriptions, reports, and interpretive drawings. See Virginia Code 54.1-2200
• Precedent: A court decision in an earlier case with facts and law similar to a dispute currently before a court. Precedent will ordinarily govern the decision of a later similar case, unless a party can show that it was wrongly decided or that it differed in some significant way.
• Preneed: means at any time other than either at the time of death or while death is imminent. See Virginia Code 54.1-2310
• Preneed burial contract: means a contract for the sale of property or services used in connection with interring or disposing of the remains or commemorating the memory of a deceased human being, where delivery of the property or performance of the service may be delayed for more than 120 days after the receipt of initial payment on account of such sale. See Virginia Code 54.1-2310
• Prepared: means slaughtered, canned, salted, stuffed, rendered, boned, cut up, or otherwise manufactured or processed. See Virginia Code 3.2-5400
• Prepared food: means a food or beverage prepared for consumption on or off a food vendor's premises, using any cooking or food preparation technique. See Virginia Code 10.1-1414
• Prescription hearing aid: means a hearing aid that is not an over-the-counter hearing aid. See Virginia Code 54.1-1500
• Presiding officer: A majority-party Senator who presides over the Senate and is charged with maintaining order and decorum, recognizing Members to speak, and interpreting the Senate's rules, practices and precedents.
• Principal: means any person who, directly or indirectly, owns or controls (i) 10 percent or more of the outstanding stock of a stock corporation or (ii) a 10 percent or greater interest in a nonstock corporation or a limited liability company. See Virginia Code 6.2-1013
• Principal instructor: means the individual who has the primary responsibility for organizing and teaching an accredited asbestos training program, an accredited lead training program, or any combination thereof. See Virginia Code 54.1-500
• Private entity: means any natural person, corporation, general partnership, limited liability company, limited partnership, joint venture, business trust, public benefit corporation, nonprofit entity, or other business entity. See Virginia Code 33.2-1800
• Private trust company: means a corporation or limited liability company that is organized to engage in private trust business under this article with one or more family members and that does not transact business with the general public. See Virginia Code 6.2-1074
• Probable cause: A reasonable ground for belief that the offender violated a specific law.
• Probation: A sentencing alternative to imprisonment in which the court releases convicted defendants under supervision as long as certain conditions are observed.
• Process: includes subpoenas, the summons and complaint in a civil action, and process in statutory actions. See Virginia Code 1-237
• Professional: means a person who participates or has ever participated for money, compensation, or reward other than a suitably inscribed memento in any boxing, martial arts, or professional wrestling event. See Virginia Code 54.1-828
• Professional engineer: means a person who is qualified to practice engineering by reason of his special knowledge and use of mathematical, physical and engineering sciences and the principles and methods of engineering analysis and design acquired by engineering education and experience, and whose competence has been attested by the Board through licensure as a professional engineer. See Virginia Code 54.1-400
• Professional wrestler: means any professional participating in professional wrestling. See Virginia Code 54.1-828
• Professional wrestling: means an event in which contestants incorporate the sport of wrestling into choreographed performances. See Virginia Code 54.1-828
• Program: means an Interstate 81 Corridor Improvement Program. See Virginia Code 33.2-3600
• Program: means the state-facilitated IRA savings program established in this chapter and administered by the Plan. See Virginia Code 2.2-2744
• Program Trust: means the Program trust fund established by § Virginia Code 2.2-2744
• Project: means any one or more of the following:

  1. See Virginia Code 33.2-1700

• Project: means any single facility constituting an Authority facility, as described in the resolution or trust agreement providing for its construction, including extensions and improvements thereof. See Virginia Code 33.2-2900
• Promoter: means any person who undertakes to promote an event or exhibition. See Virginia Code 54.1-828
• Property management agreement: means the written agreement between a property manager and the owner of real estate for the management of the real estate. See Virginia Code 54.1-2130
• Prosecute: To charge someone with a crime. A prosecutor tries a criminal case on behalf of the government.
• Public body: means any legislative body, authority, board, bureau, commission, district, or agency of the Commonwealth or of any political subdivision of the Commonwealth, including counties, cities, and towns, municipal councils, governing bodies of counties, school boards, and planning commissions; governing boards of public institutions of higher education; and other organizations, corporations, or agencies in the Commonwealth supported wholly or principally by public funds. See Virginia Code 2.2-3701
• public business: means any activity a public body has undertaken or proposes to undertake on behalf of the people it represents. See Virginia Code 2.2-3701
• Public entity: means the Commonwealth and any agency or authority thereof; any county, city, or town; and any other political subdivision of any of the foregoing, but does not include any public service company. See Virginia Code 33.2-1800
• Public facilities: means (i) airports, landing fields, and air navigation facilities; (ii) educational facilities; (iii) flood control, bank and shore protection, watershed protection, and dams; (iv) hospital facilities; (v) judicial and court facilities; (vi) correctional facilities, including jails and penitentiaries; (vii) library facilities; (viii) military installations; (ix) parks so designated by the Commonwealth or by the locality in its comprehensive plan; (x) properties of historical significance so designated by the Commonwealth; (xi) law enforcement, fire, emergency medical, and rescue facilities; (xii) sanitary sewer, water or stormwater facilities; (xiii) transportation facilities including highways, roads, streets, and bridges, traffic signals, related easements and rights-of-way, mass transit, ports, and any components of federal, state, or local transportation facilities; (xiv) waste management facilities for hazardous, radioactive, or other waste; (xv) office facilities occupied by a public corporation; and (xvi) such other facilities that are necessary to the construction, maintenance, or operation of a public facility as listed in clauses (i) through (xv) and directly related thereto. See Virginia Code 1-219.1
• public meeting: means a meeting at which the public may be present. See Virginia Code 2.2-3701
• Public place: means any area that is used or held out for use by the public, whether owned or operated by public or private interests. See Virginia Code 10.1-1414
• Public records: means all writings and recordings that consist of letters, words, or numbers, or their equivalent, set down by handwriting, typewriting, printing, photostatting, photography, magnetic impulse, optical or magneto-optical form, mechanical or electronic recording, or other form of data compilation, however stored, and regardless of physical form or characteristics, prepared or owned by, or in the possession of a public body or its officers, employees, or agents in the transaction of public business. See Virginia Code 2.2-3701
• Pyrolysis: means a manufacturing process through which post-use polymers are heated in the absence of oxygen until melted and thermally decomposed and are then cooled, condensed, and converted to crude oil, diesel fuel, gasoline, home heating oil, ethanol, transportation fuel, other fuels, chemicals, waxes, lubricants, chemical feedstocks, diesel and gasoline blendstocks, or other valuable raw, intermediate, or final products that are returned to economic utility in the form of raw materials, products, or fuels. See Virginia Code 10.1-1400
• pyrotechnician: means any person engaged in the design, setup, and firing of any fireworks other than permissible fireworks either inside a building or structure or outdoors. See Virginia Code 27-95
• Qualifying transportation facility: means one or more transportation facilities developed and/or operated by a private entity pursuant to this chapter. See Virginia Code 33.2-1800
• Quorum: The number of legislators that must be present to do business.
• Real estate: means an identified parcel or tract of land, including improvements thereon, if any. See Virginia Code 54.1-2009
• real estate: includes lands, tenements and hereditaments, and all rights and appurtenances thereto and interests therein, other than a chattel interest. See Virginia Code 1-219
• Real estate broker: means any individual or business entity, including a partnership, association, corporation, or limited liability company, who, for compensation or valuable consideration, (i) sells or offers for sale, buys or offers to buy, or negotiates the purchase or sale or exchange of real estate, including units or interest in condominiums, cooperative interest as defined in § Virginia Code 54.1-2100
• Real estate salesperson: means any individual or business entity who is employed either directly or indirectly by, or affiliated as an independent contractor with, a real estate broker to perform the duties of a real estate broker for compensation or valuable consideration. See Virginia Code 54.1-2100
• Real estate team: means two or more individuals, one or more of whom is a real estate salesperson or broker, who (i) work together as a unit within the same brokerage firm, (ii) represent themselves to the public as working together as one unit, and (iii) designate themselves by a fictitious name. See Virginia Code 54.1-2100
• Real estate-related financial transaction: means any transaction involving:

  1. See Virginia Code 54.1-2009

• Real property: Land, and all immovable fixtures erected on, growing on, or affixed to the land.
• Real property: means all lands, including improvements and fixtures thereon, and property of any nature appurtenant thereto, or used in connection therewith, and every estate, interest and right, legal or equitable, therein, including terms for years and liens by way of judgment, mortgage or otherwise and the indebtedness secured by such liens. See Virginia Code 36-55.26
• Real property: means one or more defined interests, benefits or rights inherent in the ownership of real estate. See Virginia Code 54.1-2009
• Record: means information that is inscribed on a tangible medium or that is stored in an electronic or other medium and is retrievable in perceivable form. See Virginia Code 54.1-526
• Recourse: An arrangement in which a bank retains, in form or in substance, any credit risk directly or indirectly associated with an asset it has sold (in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles) that exceeds a pro rata share of the bank's claim on the asset. If a bank has no claim on an asset it has sold, then the retention of any credit risk is recourse. ^{Source: FDIC}
• Recruit or solicit: means an attempt to influence the choice of an athlete agent by a student-athlete or, if the student-athlete is a minor, a parent or guardian of the student-athlete. See Virginia Code 54.1-526
• Recycling: means the process of separating a given waste material from the waste stream and processing it so that it may be used again as a raw material for a product which may or may not be similar to the original product. See Virginia Code 10.1-1414
• Recycling residue: means the (i) nonmetallic substances, including plastic, rubber, and insulation, that remain after a shredder has separated for purposes of recycling the ferrous and nonferrous metal from a motor vehicle, appliance, or other discarded metallic item and (ii) organic waste remaining after removal of metals, glass, plastics, and paper that are to be recycled as part of a resource recovery process for municipal solid waste resulting in the production of a refuse derived fuel. See Virginia Code 10.1-1400
• Region: means the area within the boundaries of the member localities. See Virginia Code 15.2-6400
• Registered: means that an industrialized building displays a registration seal issued by the Department of Housing and Community Development. See Virginia Code 36-71.1
• Registration: means a method of regulation whereby any practitioner of a profession or occupation may be required to submit information concerning the location, nature and operation of his practice. See Virginia Code 54.1-300
• Registration: means registration as an athlete agent. See Virginia Code 54.1-526
• Regulant: means any person required by this chapter to obtain a prior authorization from the Department. See Virginia Code 54.1-828
• Regulant: means any individual, person, firm, corporation, association, partnership, joint venture or any other legal entity licensed by the Board for Contractors. See Virginia Code 54.1-1118
• Regulant: means a person, partnership, association, corporation, agency, firm or any other entity licensed by the Real Estate Board as a real estate broker or real estate salesperson. See Virginia Code 54.1-2112
• regulation: means any statement of general application, having the force of law, affecting the rights or conduct of any person, adopted by an agency in accordance with the authority conferred on it by applicable basic laws. See Virginia Code 30-73.1
• Regulation: means any regulations promulgated by the Real Estate Appraiser Board pursuant to the Administrative Process Act (§ Virginia Code 54.1-2009
• Regulatory board: means the Auctioneers Board, Board for Architects, Professional Engineers, Land Surveyors, Certified Interior Designers and Landscape Architects, Board for Barbers and Cosmetology, Board for Branch Pilots, Board for Contractors, Board for Hearing Aid Specialists and Opticians, Board for Professional Soil Scientists, Wetland Professionals, and Geologists, Board for Waste Management Facility Operators, Board for Waterworks and Wastewater Works Operators and Onsite Sewage System Professionals, Cemetery Board, Real Estate Appraiser Board, Real Estate Board, Fair Housing Board, Virginia Board for Asbestos, Lead, and Home Inspectors, and Common Interest Community Board. See Virginia Code 54.1-300
• Remainder: An interest in property that takes effect in the future at a specified time or after the occurrence of some event, such as the death of a life tenant.
• Remainderman: One entitled to the remainder of an estate after a particular reserved right or interest, such as a life tenancy, has expired.
• Remand: When an appellate court sends a case back to a lower court for further proceedings.
• Render: means any person engaged in the business of rendering livestock or poultry carcasses, or parts of products of such carcasses, except rendering conducted under inspection or exemption under this article. See Virginia Code 3.2-5400
• Reporter: Makes a record of court proceedings and prepares a transcript, and also publishes the court's opinions or decisions (in the courts of appeals).
• Resale: means the sale of an interment right in a cemetery governed by this chapter to a person other than the cemetery company owning the cemetery in which the right exists by a person other than that cemetery company or its authorized agent. See Virginia Code 54.1-2310
• Residential building: means , for the purposes of home inspection, a structure consisting of one to four dwelling units used or occupied, or intended to be used or occupied, for residential purposes. See Virginia Code 54.1-500
• Residential building energy analysis: means (i) an inspection, investigation, or survey of a dwelling or other structure to evaluate, measure, or quantify its energy consumption and efficiency, including lighting, HVAC, electronics, appliances, water heaters, insulation, and water conservation, and (ii) recommendations to reduce energy consumption and improve efficiency of a dwelling or other structure, including lighting, HVAC, electronics, appliances, water heaters, insulation, and water conservation for compensation conducted or made by a licensed residential building energy analyst. See Virginia Code 54.1-1144
• residential buildings: as used in this chapter shall include, but not be limited to, any multi-family residential property in which no less than twenty percent of the units will be occupied by persons of low income and the remainder therein by persons of moderate income, both as determined by the housing authority using the criteria set forth in the definition of "persons and families of low and moderate income" in § Virginia Code 36-47
• Residential housing: means a specific work or improvement within the Commonwealth, whether multifamily residential housing or single-family residential housing undertaken primarily to provide dwelling accommodations, including the acquisition, construction, rehabilitation, preservation or improvement of land, buildings and improvements thereto, for residential housing, and such other nonhousing facilities as may be incidental, related, or appurtenant thereto. See Virginia Code 36-55.26
• Residential real estate: means real property containing from one to four residential dwelling units and the sale of lots containing one to four residential dwelling units. See Virginia Code 54.1-2130
• Residential wastewater: means sewage (i) generated by residential or accessory uses, not containing storm water or industrial influent, and having no other toxic, or hazardous constituents not routinely found in residential wastewater flows, or (ii) as certified by a professional engineer. See Virginia Code 54.1-400
• Resource conservation: means reduction of the amounts of solid waste that are generated, reduction of overall resource consumption, and utilization of recovered resources. See Virginia Code 10.1-1400
• Resource recovery: means the recovery of material or energy from solid waste. See Virginia Code 10.1-1400
• Responsible charge: means the direct control and supervision of the practice of architecture, professional engineering, landscape architecture, or land surveying. See Virginia Code 54.1-400
• Responsible public entity: means a public entity, including local governments and regional authorities, that has the power to develop and/or operate the qualifying transportation facility. See Virginia Code 33.2-1800
• Restaurant: means :

  1. See Virginia Code 35.1-1

• Restitution: The court-ordered payment of money by the defendant to the victim for damages caused by the criminal action.
• restricted common carrier by aircraft: means any person who undertakes, whether directly or by lease or other arrangement, to transport passengers or property of any restricted class or classes by aircraft for compensation whether over regular or irregular routes. See Virginia Code 5.1-89
• Retail sales price: means the standard, nondiscounted price as listed on the general price list required by § Virginia Code 54.1-2310
• Revenue: means any or all fees, tolls, rents, receipts, assessments, taxes, money, and income derived by the district, including any cash contribution or payments made to the district by the Commonwealth, any political subdivision thereof, or any other source. See Virginia Code 33.2-2000
• Revenue: means any or all fees, tolls, rents, receipts, assessments, taxes, money, and income derived by the district, including any cash contribution or payments made to the district by the Commonwealth, any political subdivision thereof, or any other source. See Virginia Code 33.2-2100
• Revenues: includes tolls and any other moneys received or pledged by the Board pursuant to this chapter, including legally available Transportation Trust Fund revenues and any federal highway reimbursements and any other federal highway assistance received by the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 33.2-1700
• Revenues: means all revenues, including income; earnings; user fees; lease payments; allocations; federal, state, regional, and local appropriations or the appropriations or other funds available to any political subdivision, authority, or instrumentality thereof; bond proceeds; equity investments, service payments, or any combination thereof arising out of or in connection with supporting the development and/or operation of a qualifying transportation facility, including money received as grants or otherwise from the United States of America, from any public entity, or from any agency or instrumentality of the foregoing in aid of such facility. See Virginia Code 33.2-1800
• RGGI: means the program to implement the memorandum of understanding between signatory states dated December 20, 2005, and as may be amended, and the corresponding model rule that established a regional carbon dioxide electric power sector cap and trade program. See Virginia Code 10.1-1329
• Right of offset: Banks' legal right to seize funds that a guarantor or debtor may have on deposit to cover a loan in default. It is also known as the right of set-off. ^{Source: OCC}
• Roadway: means that portion of a highway improved, designed, or ordinarily used for vehicular travel. See Virginia Code 33.2-100
• SAA: means the Department of Housing and Community Development which is responsible for the administration and enforcement of this law throughout Virginia and of the plan authorized by § Virginia Code 36-85.3
• sale: means any transfer of title or of the right to use by lease, bailment, or any other contract, excluding wholesale transactions with distributors or practitioners. See Virginia Code 54.1-1500
• Sanctioning organization: means an entity approved by the Director pursuant to § Virginia Code 54.1-828
• Sanitary landfill: means a disposal facility for solid waste so located, designed, and operated that it does not pose a substantial present or potential hazard to human health or the environment, including pollution of air, land, surface water, or ground water. See Virginia Code 10.1-1400
• Savings institution: means a savings and loan association, a building and loan association, or savings bank, whether organized as a capital stock corporation or a nonstock corporation, that is authorized by law to accept deposits and to hold itself out to the public as engaged in the savings institution business. See Virginia Code 6.2-1100
• Scholastic records: means those records containing information directly related to a student or an applicant for admission and maintained by a public body that is an educational agency or institution or by a person acting for such agency or institution. See Virginia Code 2.2-3701
• Secretary: means the Secretary of the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development. See Virginia Code 36-85.3
• Secretary: means the Secretary of Transportation. See Virginia Code 33.2-100
• Secretary: means the Secretary of Natural and Historic Resources. See Virginia Code 10.1-1329
• Secretary: means the Secretary of Administration. See Virginia Code 2.2-2006
• Seller: means the cemetery company. See Virginia Code 54.1-2310
• Service contract: means a contract entered into between a public entity and the private entity pursuant to § Virginia Code 33.2-1800
• Service of process: The service of writs or summonses to the appropriate party.
• Service payments: means payments to the private entity in connection with the development and/or operation of a qualifying transportation facility pursuant to a service contract. See Virginia Code 33.2-1800
• Settlement: Parties to a lawsuit resolve their difference without having a trial. Settlements often involve the payment of compensation by one party in satisfaction of the other party's claims.
• Share account: means a balance held by a credit union and established by a member in accordance with standards specified by the credit union, including balances designated as shares, share certificates, share draft accounts, or other names. See Virginia Code 6.2-1300
• Shares: means the interest of a member having an account in a credit union. See Virginia Code 6.2-1300
• Shares: means the interest of a member having a savings account in a member credit union. See Virginia Code 6.2-1331
• Sheriff: shall include deputy sheriffs and such other persons designated in § Virginia Code 8.01-2
• Sign: means , with present intent to authenticate or adopt a record, (i) to execute or adopt a tangible symbol or (ii) to attach to or logically associate with the record an electronic symbol, sound, or process. See Virginia Code 54.1-526
• Single-family residential housing: means residential housing consisting of four or fewer dwelling units, the person or family owning or intending to acquire such dwelling units, upon completion of the construction, rehabilitation, or improvement thereof, also occupying or intending to occupy one of such dwelling units. See Virginia Code 36-55.26
• Sludge: means any solid, semisolid, or liquid wastes with similar characteristics and effects generated from a public, municipal, commercial, or industrial wastewater treatment plant, water supply treatment plant, air pollution control facility, or any other waste-producing facility. See Virginia Code 10.1-1400
• Small business: means a business located in Virginia that (i) employs 100 or fewer people and (ii) is a small business concern as defined in the federal Small Business Act (Virginia Code 10.1-1197.1
• Small renewable energy project: means (i) an electrical generation facility with a rated capacity not exceeding 150 megawatts that generates electricity only from sunlight or wind; (ii) an electrical generation facility with a rated capacity not exceeding 100 megawatts that generates electricity only from falling water, wave motion, tides, or geothermal power; (iii) an electrical generation facility with a rated capacity not exceeding 20 megawatts that generates electricity only from biomass, energy from waste, or municipal solid waste; (iv) an energy storage facility that uses electrochemical cells to convert chemical energy with a rated capacity not exceeding 150 megawatts; or (v) a hybrid project composed of an electrical generation facility that meets the parameters established in clause (i), (ii), or (iii) and an energy storage facility that meets the parameters established in clause (iv). See Virginia Code 10.1-1197.5
• Soil: means the groups of natural bodies occupying the unconsolidated portion of the earth's surface which are capable of supporting plant life and have properties caused by the combined effects, as modified by topography and time, of climate and living organisms upon parent materials. See Virginia Code 54.1-2200
• Soil evaluation: means plotting soil boundaries, describing and evaluating the kinds of soil, and predicting their suitability for and response to various uses. See Virginia Code 54.1-2200
• Soil science: means the science dealing with the physical, chemical, mineralogical, and biological properties of soils as natural bodies. See Virginia Code 54.1-2200
• Soil scientist: means a person having special knowledge of soil science and the methods and principles of soil evaluation as acquired by education and experience in the formation, description, and mapping of soils. See Virginia Code 54.1-2200
• Sole ownership: The type of property ownership in which one individual holds legal title to the property and has full control of it.
• Solicitation: means initiating contact with consumers with the intent of influencing their selection of a cemetery. See Virginia Code 54.1-2310
• Solid waste: means any garbage, refuse, sludge, and other discarded material, including solid, liquid, semisolid, or contained gaseous material, resulting from industrial, commercial, mining, and agricultural operations, or community activities, but does not include (i) solid or dissolved material in domestic sewage; (ii) solid or dissolved material in irrigation return flows or in industrial discharges that are sources subject to a permit from the State Water Control Board; (iii) source, special nuclear, or by-product material as defined by the Federal Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended; or (iv) post-use polymers or recovered feedstocks that are (a) processed at an advanced recycling facility or (b) held at or held for the purpose of conversion at such advanced recycling facility prior to conversion. See Virginia Code 10.1-1400
• Solid waste management facility: means a site used for planned treating, long-term storage, or disposing of solid waste. See Virginia Code 10.1-1400
• Solvolysis: includes hydrolysis, aminolysis, ammonolysis, methanolysis, and glycolysis. See Virginia Code 10.1-1400
• Special order: means a special order issued under § Virginia Code 10.1-1300
• Specific trust funds: means funds identified to a certain contract for personal property or services. See Virginia Code 54.1-2310
• Standard agent: means a licensee who acts for or represents a client in an agency relationship in a residential real estate transaction. See Virginia Code 54.1-2130
• State: includes District of Columbia;

  (f) "Transit facilities" means all real and personal property located in the Zone, necessary or useful in rendering transit service between points within the Zone, by means of rail, bus, water or air and any other mode of travel, including, without limitation, tracks, rights-of-way, bridges, tunnels, subways, rolling stock for rail, motor vehicle, marine and air transportation, stations, terminals and ports, areas for parking and all equipment, fixtures, buildings and structures and services incidental to or required in connection with the performance of transit service;

  (g) "Transit services" means the transportation of persons and their packages and baggage by means of transit facilities between points within the Zone including the transportation of newspapers, express and mail between such points, and charter service which originates within the Zone but does not include taxicab service or individual-ticket-sales sightseeing operations;

  (h) "Transit Zone" or "Zone" means the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Zone created and described in Section 3 as well as any additional area that may be added pursuant to Section 83(a) of this Compact; and

  (i) "WMATC" means Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Commission. See Virginia Code 33.2-3100

• State: means the Commonwealth of Virginia. See Virginia Code 33.2-1800
• State: means a state of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, or any territory or insular possession subject to the jurisdiction of the United States. See Virginia Code 54.1-526
• State: when applied to a part of the United States, includes any of the 50 states, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, and the United States Virgin Islands. See Virginia Code 1-245
• state agency: means the same as that term is defined in § Virginia Code 1-206
• State Board: means the State Board of Health. See Virginia Code 35.1-1
• State Fire Marshal: means the State Fire Marshal as provided for by § Virginia Code 27-95
• State trust company: means a corporation organized or reorganized as a trust company under Article 2 (§ Virginia Code 6.2-1065
• State trust institution: means a trust institution having its principal office in the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 6.2-1065
• Statute: A law passed by a legislature.
• Statute of limitations: A law that sets the time within which parties must take action to enforce their rights.
• Student-athlete: means an individual who is eligible to attend an educational institution and engages in, is eligible to engage in, or may be eligible in the future to engage in any interscholastic or intercollegiate sport. See Virginia Code 54.1-526
• Subpoena: A command to a witness to appear and give testimony.
• Subpoena duces tecum: A command to a witness to produce documents.
• Subsidiary bank: means a bank authorized to exercise trust powers, at least 80 percent of the outstanding shares of which are owned directly or indirectly through a subsidiary by a Virginia bank holding company. See Virginia Code 6.2-1047
• subsidiary trust company: means a corporation organized under Virginia Code 6.2-1000
• Summer camp: means any building, tent, or vehicle, or group of buildings, tents, or vehicles, if operated as one place or establishment, or any other place or establishment, public or private, together with the land and waters adjacent thereto, that is operated or used in this Commonwealth for the entertainment, education, recreation, religious instruction or activities, physical education, or health of persons under 18 years of age who are not related to the operator of such place or establishment by blood or marriage within the third degree of consanguinity or affinity, if 12 or more such persons at any one time are accommodated, gratuitously or for compensation, overnight and during any portion of more than two consecutive days. See Virginia Code 35.1-1
• Summons: Another word for subpoena used by the criminal justice system.
• Supervising broker: means a real estate broker who has been designated by a principal broker to supervise the provision of real estate brokerage services by associate brokers and salespersons assigned to a branch office or a real estate team. See Virginia Code 54.1-2100
• Supreme Court: means the Supreme Court of Virginia. See Virginia Code 1-249
• sworn: means "affirm" or "affirmed. See Virginia Code 1-250
• Tattoo parlor: means any place in which tattooing is offered or practiced. See Virginia Code 54.1-700
• Tattooer: means any person who for remuneration practices tattooing. See Virginia Code 54.1-700
• Tattooing: means the placing of designs, letters, scrolls, figures, symbols or any other marks upon or under the skin of any person with ink or any other substance, resulting in the permanent coloration of the skin, including permanent make-up or permanent jewelry, by the aid of needles or any other instrument designed to touch or puncture the skin. See Virginia Code 54.1-700
• Tax: includes , but is not limited to, federal, state or local income, gift, estate, generation-skipping transfer, or inheritance tax. See Virginia Code 6.2-1074
• Telecommunications: means any origination, transmission, emission, or reception of data, signs, signals, writings, images, and sounds or intelligence of any nature, by wire, radio, television, optical, or other electromagnetic systems. See Virginia Code 2.2-2006
• Testify: Answer questions in court.
• Testimony: Evidence presented orally by witnesses during trials or before grand juries.
• this law: means the Virginia Industrialized Building Safety Law as provided in this chapter. See Virginia Code 36-71.1
• this law: means the Virginia Manufactured Housing Construction and Safety Standards Law as embraced in this chapter. See Virginia Code 36-85.3
• Tobacco Assets: means all right, title, and interest in and to the portion of the Foundation Allocation that may be sold to the Corporation from time to time. See Virginia Code 32.1-354
• Tort: A civil wrong or breach of a duty to another person, as outlined by law. A very common tort is negligent operation of a motor vehicle that results in property damage and personal injury in an automobile accident.
• Town: means any existing town or an incorporated community within one or more counties which became a town before noon, July one, nineteen hundred seventy-one, as provided by law or which has within defined boundaries a population of 1,000 or more and which has become a town as provided by law. See Virginia Code 15.2-102
• Town: means any existing town or an incorporated community within one or more counties which became a town before noon, July 1, 1971, as provided by law or which has within defined boundaries a population of 1,000 or more and which has become a town as provided by law. See Virginia Code 1-254
• Training manager: means the individual responsible for administering a training program and monitoring the performance of instructors for an accredited asbestos training or accredited lead training program. See Virginia Code 54.1-500
• Transcript: A written, word-for-word record of what was said, either in a proceeding such as a trial or during some other conversation, as in a transcript of a hearing or oral deposition.
• transportation: means any movement of property and any packing, loading, or unloading or storage incidental thereto. See Virginia Code 10.1-1400
• Transportation facility: means any road, bridge, tunnel, overpass, ferry, airport, mass transit facility, vehicle parking facility, port facility, or similar commercial facility used for the transportation of persons or goods, together with any buildings, structures, parking areas, appurtenances, and other property needed to operate such facility; however, "transportation facility" does not include a commercial or retail use or enterprise not essential to the transportation of persons or goods. See Virginia Code 33.2-1800
• Transportation improvements: means any real or personal property acquired, constructed, improved, or used in constructing or improving any (i) public mass transit system or (ii) highway, or portion or interchange thereof, including parking facilities located within a district created pursuant to this chapter. See Virginia Code 33.2-2000
• Transportation improvements: includes public mass transit systems, public highways, and all buildings, structures, approaches, and facilities thereof and appurtenances thereto, rights-of-way, bridges, tunnels, stations, terminals, and all related equipment and fixtures. See Virginia Code 33.2-2100
• Treatment: means any method, technique, or process, including incineration or neutralization, designed to change the physical, chemical, or biological character or composition of any waste to neutralize it or to render it less hazardous or nonhazardous, safer for transport, amenable to recovery or storage, or reduced in volume. See Virginia Code 10.1-1400
• Trial: A hearing that takes place when the defendant pleads "not guilty" and witnesses are required to come to court to give evidence.
• Trust account: A general term that covers all types of accounts in a trust department, such as estates, guardianships, and agencies. ^{Source: OCC}
• Trust account: means the account established pursuant to a trust, estate, or other fiduciary relationship that has been established with an association. See Virginia Code 6.2-1081
• Trust business: means the holding out by a person or legal entity to the public at large by advertising, solicitation or other means that the person or legal entity is available to act as a fiduciary in the Commonwealth or is accepting and undertaking to perform the duties of a fiduciary in the regular course of its business. See Virginia Code 6.2-1000
• Trust company: means a corporation, including an affiliated trust company, that is authorized to engage in the trust business under Article 2 (§ Virginia Code 6.2-1000
• Trust company: means a state trust company or any other entity chartered to act as a fiduciary that is not a bank. See Virginia Code 6.2-1065
• Trust company holding company: means a corporation that controls a trust company. See Virginia Code 6.2-1000
• Trust department: means that group or groups of officers and employees of an association, or of an affiliate of an association, to whom are assigned the performance of fiduciary services by the association. See Virginia Code 6.2-1081
• Trust institution: means any (i) bank authorized to engage in the trust business, (ii) trust company, or (iii) trust subsidiary. See Virginia Code 6.2-1000
• Trust institution: means a bank or trust company chartered by a state bank supervisory agency or by the Office of the Comptroller of Currency. See Virginia Code 6.2-1065
• Trust office: means an office at which a trust institution engages in a trust business and not in the banking business. See Virginia Code 6.2-1065
• Trust subsidiary under common ownership: means a trust subsidiary at least 80 percent or more of which is owned, directly or indirectly through a subsidiary, by the same Virginia bank holding company as owns, directly or indirectly through a subsidiary, at least 80 percent of the stock of the subsidiary bank substituted as fiduciary. See Virginia Code 6.2-1047
• Trustee: A person or institution holding and administering property in trust.
• Truth in Lending Act: The Truth in Lending Act is a federal law that requires lenders to provide standardized information so that borrowers can compare loan terms. In general, lenders must provide information on ^{Source: OCC}
• Uniform Commercial Code: A set of statutes enacted by the various states to provide consistency among the states' commercial laws. It includes negotiable instruments, sales, stock transfers, trust and warehouse receipts, and bills of lading. ^{Source: OCC}
• Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice: means the Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice adopted by the Appraisal Standards Board of the Appraisal Foundation. See Virginia Code 54.1-2020
• Uniform Transfers to Minors Act: means Chapter 19 of Virginia Code 6.2-1081
• United States: includes the 50 states, the District of Columbia the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands and the United States Virgin Islands. See Virginia Code 1-255
• User fees: Fees charged to users of goods or services provided by the government. In levying or authorizing these fees, the legislature determines whether the revenue should go into the treasury or should be available to the agency providing the goods or services.
• Usury: Charging an illegally high interest rate on a loan. ^{Source: OCC}
• valuation: is a n estimate of the value of real estate or real property. See Virginia Code 54.1-2009
• Value: means fair market value. See Virginia Code 54.1-1100
• Variable Rate: Having a "variable" rate means that the APR changes from time to time based on fluctuations in an external rate, normally the Prime Rate. This external rate is known as the "index." If the index changes, the variable rate normally changes. Also see Fixed Rate.
• Vegetative waste: means decomposable materials generated by yard and lawn care or land-clearing activities and includes, but is not limited to, leaves, grass trimmings, and woody wastes such as shrub and tree prunings, bark, limbs, roots, and stumps. See Virginia Code 10.1-1400
• Vehicle: includes every device capable of being moved upon a public highway and in, upon, or by which any person or property may be transported upon a public highway, except devices moved by human power or used exclusively upon stationary rails or tracks. See Virginia Code 10.1-1414
• Venue: The geographical location in which a case is tried.
• Verdict: The decision of a petit jury or a judge.
• Verified claim: means a completed application, on a form designed by the Board, the truthfulness of which has been attested to by the claimant before a notary public, along with all required supporting documentation, that has been properly received by the Department in accordance with this chapter. See Virginia Code 54.1-1118
• Verified claim: means a completed application, on a form designed by the Board, the truthfulness of which has been attested to by the claimant before a notary public, along with all required supporting documentation, that has been properly received by the Department in accordance with this chapter. See Virginia Code 54.1-2112
• Virginia bank holding company: means a bank holding company that, directly or indirectly through a subsidiary, owns or controls a bank the main office of which is located in the Commonwealth. See Virginia Code 6.2-1047
• Virginia certified professional wetland delineator: means a person who possesses the qualifications required for certification by the provisions of this chapter and the regulations of the Board and who is granted certification by the Board. See Virginia Code 54.1-2200
• Virginia state bank: means a bank chartered under the laws of the Commonwealth and permitted to engage in the trust business pursuant to § Virginia Code 6.2-1065
• Voluntary pollution prevention measures: means operational or equipment changes that meet the definition of pollution prevention contained in § Virginia Code 10.1-1197.1
• Waste: means any solid, hazardous, or radioactive waste as defined in this section. See Virginia Code 10.1-1400
• Waste management: means the collection, source separation, storage, transportation, transfer, processing, treatment, and disposal of waste or resource recovery. See Virginia Code 10.1-1400
• Waste management facility: means a site used for planned treatment, storage or disposal of nonhazardous solid waste. See Virginia Code 54.1-2209
• Waste management facility operator: means any person, including an owner, who is in charge of the actual, on-site operation of a waste management facility during any period of operation. See Virginia Code 54.1-2209
• Wastewater works: means each system of (i) sewerage systems or sewage treatment works, serving more than 400 persons, as set forth in § Virginia Code 54.1-2300
• Watercraft: means any boat, ship, vessel, barge, or other floating craft. See Virginia Code 10.1-1414
• Waterworks: means each system of structures and appliances used in connection with the collection, storage, purification, and treatment of water for drinking or domestic use and the distribution thereof to the public, except distribution piping. See Virginia Code 54.1-2300
• Wax technician: means any person licensed by the Board who removes hair from the hair follicle using a physical (wax) depilatory or by tweezing. See Virginia Code 54.1-700
• Waxing: means the temporary removal of superfluous hair from the hair follicle on any area of the human body through the use of a physical (wax) depilatory or by tweezing. See Virginia Code 54.1-700
• Waxing salon: means any commercial establishment, residence, vehicle or other establishment, place or event wherein waxing is offered or practiced on a regular basis for compensation and may include the training of apprentices under regulations of the Board. See Virginia Code 54.1-700
• Wetland delineation: means delineating wetland limits in accordance with prevailing state and federal regulatory guidance and describing wetland types. See Virginia Code 54.1-2200
• Wetland professional: means a person having special knowledge of wetland science and the methods and principles of wetland delineation as acquired by education and experience in the formation, description, and mapping of wetlands. See Virginia Code 54.1-2200
• Wetland science: means the science dealing with the physical, chemical, and biological properties of wetland systems integrated through ecological and morphological relationships. See Virginia Code 54.1-2200
• Wetlands: means the same as that term is defined in §§ Virginia Code 54.1-2200
• WMATA: means the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority. See Virginia Code 33.2-3100.1
• WMATA: means the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority. See Virginia Code 33.2-3400
• Wood heater: means a wood stove, pellet stove, wood-fired hydronic heater, wood-burning forced-air furnace, or masonry wood heater, any of which is solely designed for heating a home or a business and with either (i) uncontrolled fine particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2. See Virginia Code 10.1-1300
• Wrestler: means any person competing or participating as an opponent in wrestling. See Virginia Code 54.1-828
• Wrestling: means any of several styles of physical competition in which individuals attempt to subdue or unbalance an opponent, including Greco-Roman, freestyle, grappling, or submission, usually practiced as a sport. See Virginia Code 54.1-828
• Writ: A formal written command, issued from the court, requiring the performance of a specific act.
• Yard waste: means decomposable waste materials generated by yard and lawn care and includes leaves, grass trimmings, brush, wood chips, and shrub and tree trimmings. See Virginia Code 10.1-1400