Wisconsin Statutes 165.87 – Body cameras and law enforcement
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Terms Used In Wisconsin Statutes 165.87
- Arrest: Taking physical custody of a person by lawful authority.
- Complaint: A written statement by the plaintiff stating the wrongs allegedly committed by the defendant.
- Defendant: In a civil suit, the person complained against; in a criminal case, the person accused of the crime.
- Following: when used by way of reference to any statute section, means the section next following that in which the reference is made. See Wisconsin Statutes 990.01
- Guardian: A person legally empowered and charged with the duty of taking care of and managing the property of another person who because of age, intellect, or health, is incapable of managing his (her) own affairs.
- Minor: means a person who has not attained the age of 18 years, except that for purposes of investigating or prosecuting a person who is alleged to have violated a state or federal criminal law or any civil law or municipal ordinance, "minor" does not include a person who has attained the age of 17 years. See Wisconsin Statutes 990.01
- Officers: when applied to corporations include directors and trustees. See Wisconsin Statutes 990.01
- Person: includes all partnerships, associations and bodies politic or corporate. See Wisconsin Statutes 990.01
- State: when applied to states of the United States, includes the District of Columbia, the commonwealth of Puerto Rico and the several territories organized by Congress. See Wisconsin Statutes 990.01
(1) If a law enforcement agency uses a body camera on a law enforcement officer, the law enforcement agency shall do all of the following:
(a) Administer a written policy regarding all of the following:
1. The use, maintenance, and storage of body cameras and data recorded by the body cameras.
2. Any limitations the law enforcement agency imposes on which law enforcement officers may wear a body camera.
3. Any limitations the law enforcement agency imposes on situations, persons, or encounters that may be recorded by a body camera.
(b) Train all law enforcement officers wearing a body camera on the policy under par. (a) and on the requirements under sub. (2).
(c) Train all employees that use, maintain, store, or release data from a body camera on the policy under par. (a) and on the requirements under subs. (2) and (3).
(d) Periodically review practices regarding the body cameras and data from body cameras to ensure compliance with the policy under par. (a) and the requirements under subs. (2) and (3).
(e) If the law enforcement agency maintains an Internet site or has an Internet site maintained on its behalf, make the policy under par. (a) available to the public on the Internet site.
(2)
(a) Except as provided in pars. (b), (c), and (d), all data from a body camera used on a law enforcement officer shall be retained for a minimum of 120 days after the date of recording.
(b) Data from a body camera used on a law enforcement officer that record any of the following shall be retained until final disposition of any investigation, case, or complaint to which the data pertain, except as provided in pars. (c) and (d):
1. An encounter that resulted in the death of any individual or actual or alleged physical injury to an individual.
2. An encounter that resulted in a custodial arrest.
3. A search during an authorized temporary questioning as provided in s. 968.25.
4. An encounter that included the use of force by a law enforcement officer, unless the only use of force was the use of a firearm to dispatch an injured wild animal.
(c) Retention beyond the period determined under par. (a) or (b) may be directed by a law enforcement officer or law enforcement agency, a board of police and fire commissioners, a prosecutor, a defendant, or a court that determines that the data have evidentiary value in a prosecution. A person making a preservation directive under this paragraph shall submit the directive to the law enforcement agency having custody of the record within 120 days after the date of recording.
(d) Data from a body camera used on a law enforcement officer that are used in a criminal, civil, or administrative proceeding may not be destroyed except upon final disposition, including appeals, a determination from the court or hearing examiner that the data are no longer needed, or an order from the court or hearing examiner.
(e) Notwithstanding pars. (a) to (d), data from a body camera used on a law enforcement officer may not be destroyed during the period specified in s. 19.35 (5).
(3)
(a) In this subsection:
1. “Authority” has the meaning given in s. 19.32 (1).
2. “Record subject” means an individual recorded by a body camera used on a law enforcement officer to whom all of the following apply:
a. The individual is depicted in the recording, or the individual’s voice is audible in the recording.
b. The individual’s identity is known to the law enforcement agency.
c. The individual is not suspected of committing a crime or other violation of law in connection with the law enforcement officer’s presence in the location that was recorded.
d. The individual is not a law enforcement officer who was acting in an official capacity, unless a crime or other violation of law has been committed or is alleged to have been committed against the law enforcement officer while the law enforcement officer was present at the location that was recorded.
3. “Requester” has the meaning given in s. 19.32 (3).
(b) Data from a body camera used on a law enforcement officer are subject to the right of inspection and copying under s. 19.35 (1), except as provided in par. (c).
(c)
1. It shall be the public policy of this state to maintain the privacy of a record subject who is a victim of a sensitive or violent crime or who is a minor and that access to data from a body camera used on a law enforcement officer that record such a record subject shall be provided only if the public interest in allowing access is so great as to outweigh that public policy. In that case, the record subject’s face and anything else that would allow the record subject to be identified may be redacted using pixelization or another method of redaction. The presumption under this subdivision regarding the privacy of a record subject who is a victim of a sensitive or violent crime does not apply if the record subject, or his or her next of kin if the record subject is deceased, does not object to granting access to the data. The presumption under this subdivision regarding the privacy of a record subject who is a minor does not apply if the parent or legal guardian of the record subject does not object to granting access to the data.
2. It shall be the public policy of this state to maintain the privacy of a record subject who is in a location where the record subject has a reasonable expectation of privacy and that access to data from a body camera used on a law enforcement officer that record a record subject in such a location shall be provided only if the public interest in allowing access is so great as to outweigh that public policy. In that case, the record subject’s face and anything else that would allow the record subject to be identified may be redacted using pixelization or another method of redaction. The presumption under this subdivision does not apply if the record subject does not object to granting access to the data.
3. If a requester believes that an authority has improperly made a decision to redact or deny access to data under subd. 1. or 2., the requester may pursue the remedies under s. 19.37 (1).
(d) For purposes of requests under s. 19.35 (1) for access to data from a body camera used by a law enforcement agency, the law enforcement agency is the legal custodian of the record, and if any other authority has custody of any such data, that authority is not the legal custodian of that data. If any other authority receives a request under s. 19.35 (1) for that data, that authority shall deny any portion of the request that relates to that data.
(e) Nothing in this subsection prohibits the release of data from a body camera under s. 175.47 (5) (b).