Kentucky Statutes 218A.202 – Definitions — Electronic system for monitoring controlled substances — Required registration and reporting — Penalty for illegal use of system — Continuing education programs — Reports of failure to comply with secti…
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(1) As used in this section:
(a) “Cabinet” means the Cabinet for Health and Family Services;
For details, see § 532.090
(b) “Cannabis business” has the same meaning as in KRS § 218B.010;
(c) “Controlled substance” means any Schedule II, III, IV, or V controlled substance and does not include medicinal cannabis;
(d) “Dispensary” has the same meaning as in KRS § 218B.010;
(e) “Dispensary agent” has the same meaning as in KRS § 218B.010;
(f) “Disqualifying felony offense” has the same meaning as in KRS § 218B.010; (g) “Medicinal cannabis” has the same meaning as in KRS § 218B.010;
(h) “Medicinal cannabis practitioner” has the same meaning as in KRS § 218B.010; (i) “Registry identification card” has the same meaning as in KRS § 218B.010;
(j) “State licensing board” has the same meaning as in KRS § 218B.010;
(k) “Use of medicinal cannabis” has the same meaning as in KRS § 218B.010; and
(l) “Written certification” has the same meaning as in KRS § 218B.010.
(2) The cabinet shall establish and maintain an electronic system for monitoring Schedules II, III, IV, and V controlled substances and medicinal cannabis. The cabinet may contract for the design, upgrade, or operation of this system if the contract preserves all of the rights, privileges, and protections guaranteed to Kentucky citizens under this chapter and the contract requires that all other aspects of the system be operated in conformity with the requirements of this or any other applicable state or federal law.
(3) For the purpose of monitoring the prescribing and dispensing of Schedule II, III, IV, or V controlled substances:
(a) A practitioner or a pharmacist authorized to prescribe or dispense controlled substances to humans shall register with the cabinet to use the system provided for in this section and shall maintain such registration continuously during the practitioner’s or pharmacist’s term of licensure and shall not have to pay a fee or tax specifically dedicated to the operation of the system;
(b) Every practitioner or pharmacy which dispenses a controlled substance to a person in Kentucky, or to a person at an address in Kentucky, shall report to the cabinet the data required by this section, which includes the reporting of any Schedule II controlled substance dispensed at a facility licensed by the cabinet and a Schedule II through Schedule V controlled substance regardless of dosage when dispensed by the emergency department of a hospital to an emergency department patient. Reporting shall not be required for:
1. A drug administered directly to a patient in a hospital, a resident of a
health care facility licensed under KRS Chapter 216B, a resident of a child-caring facility as defined by KRS § 199.011, or an individual in a jail, correctional facility, or juvenile detention facility;
2. A Schedule III through Schedule V controlled substance dispensed by a facility licensed by the cabinet provided that the quantity dispensed is limited to an amount adequate to treat the patient for a maximum of forty-eight (48) hours and is not dispensed by the emergency department of a hospital; or
3. A drug administered or dispensed to a research subject enrolled in a research protocol approved by an institutional review board that has an active federalwide assurance number from the United States Department of Health and Human Services, Office for Human Research Protections, where the research involves single, double, or triple blind drug administration or is additionally covered by a certificate of confidentiality from the National Institutes of Health;
(c) In addition to the data required by paragraph (d) of this subsection, a Kentucky-licensed acute care hospital or critical access hospital shall report to the cabinet all positive toxicology screens that were performed by the hospital’s emergency department to evaluate the patient’s suspected drug overdose;
(d) Data for each controlled substance that is reported shall include but not be limited to the following:
1. Patient identifier;
2. National drug code of the drug dispensed;
3. Date of dispensing;
4. Quantity dispensed;
5. Prescriber; and
6. Dispenser;
(e) The data shall be provided in the electronic format specified by the cabinet unless a waiver has been granted by the cabinet to an individual dispenser. The cabinet shall establish acceptable error tolerance rates for data. Dispensers shall ensure that reports fall within these tolerances. Incomplete or inaccurate data shall be corrected upon notification by the cabinet if the dispenser exceeds these error tolerance rates;
(f) The cabinet shall only disclose data to persons and entities authorized to receive that data under this subsection. Disclosure to any other person or entity, including disclosure in the context of a civil action where the disclosure is sought either for the purpose of discovery or for evidence, is prohibited unless specifically authorized by this section. The cabinet shall be authorized to provide data to:
1. A designated representative of a board responsible for the licensure, regulation, or discipline of practitioners, pharmacists, or other person who is authorized to prescribe, administer, or dispense controlled substances and who is involved in a bona fide specific investigation
involving a designated person;
2. Employees of the Office of the Inspector General of the cabinet who have successfully completed training for the electronic system and who have been approved to use the system, federal prosecutors, Kentucky Commonwealth’s attorneys and assistant Commonwealth’s attorneys, county attorneys and assistant county attorneys, a peace officer certified pursuant to KRS § 15.380 to KRS § 15.404, a certified or full-time peace officer of another state, or a federal agent whose duty is to enforce the laws of this Commonwealth, of another state, or of the United States relating to drugs and who is engaged in a bona fide specific investigation involving a designated person;
3. A state-operated Medicaid program in conformity with paragraph (g) of this subsection;
4. A properly convened grand jury pursuant to a subpoena properly issued for the records;
5. A practitioner or pharmacist, or employee of the practitioner’s or pharmacist’s practice acting under the specific direction of the practitioner or pharmacist, who certifies that the requested information is for the purpose of:
a. Providing medical or pharmaceutical treatment to a bona fide current or prospective patient;
b. Reviewing data on controlled substances that have been reported for the birth mother of an infant who is currently being treated by the practitioner for neonatal abstinence syndrome, or has symptoms that suggest prenatal drug exposure; or
c. Reviewing and assessing the individual prescribing or dispensing patterns of the practitioner or pharmacist or to determine the accuracy and completeness of information contained in the monitoring system;
6. The chief medical officer of a hospital or long-term-care facility, an employee of the hospital or long-term-care facility as designated by the chief medical officer and who is working under his or her specific direction, or a physician designee if the hospital or facility has no chief medical officer, if the officer, employee, or designee certifies that the requested information is for the purpose of providing medical or pharmaceutical treatment to a bona fide current or prospective patient or resident in the hospital or facility;
7. In addition to the purposes authorized under subparagraph 1. of this paragraph, the Kentucky Board of Medical Licensure, for any physician who is:
a. Associated in a partnership or other business entity with a physician who is already under investigation by the Board of Medical Licensure for improper prescribing or dispensing practices;
b. In a designated geographic area for which a trend report indicates a substantial likelihood that inappropriate prescribing or dispensing may be occurring; or
c. In a designated geographic area for which a report on another physician in that area indicates a substantial likelihood that inappropriate prescribing or dispensing may be occurring in that area;
8. In addition to the purposes authorized under subparagraph 1. of this paragraph, the Kentucky Board of Nursing, for any advanced practice registered nurse who is:
a. Associated in a partnership or other business entity with a physician who is already under investigation by the Kentucky Board of Medical Licensure for improper prescribing or dispensing practices;
b. Associated in a partnership or other business entity with an advanced practice registered nurse who is already under investigation by the Board of Nursing for improper prescribing practices;
c. In a designated geographic area for which a trend report indicates a substantial likelihood that inappropriate prescribing or dispensing may be occurring; or
d. In a designated geographic area for which a report on a physician or another advanced practice registered nurse in that area indicates a substantial likelihood that inappropriate prescribing or dispensing may be occurring in that area;
9. A judge or a probation or parole officer administering a diversion or probation program of a criminal defendant arising out of a violation of this chapter or of a criminal defendant who is documented by the court as a substance abuser who is eligible to participate in a court-ordered drug diversion or probation program; or
10. A medical examiner engaged in a death investigation pursuant to KRS
72.026;
(g) The Department for Medicaid Services shall use any data or reports from the system for the purpose of identifying Medicaid providers or recipients whose prescribing, dispensing, or usage of controlled substances may be:
1. Appropriately managed by a single outpatient pharmacy or primary care physician; or
2. Indicative of improper, inappropriate, or illegal prescribing or dispensing practices by a practitioner or drug seeking by a Medicaid recipient;
(h) A person who receives data or any report of the system from the cabinet shall not provide it to any other person or entity except as provided in this subsection, in another statute, or by order of a court of competent jurisdiction and only to a person or entity authorized to receive the data or the report
under this section, except that:
1. A person specified in paragraph (f)2. of this subsection who is authorized to receive data or a report may share that information with any other persons specified in paragraph (f)2. of this subsection authorized to receive data or a report if the persons specified in paragraph (f)2. of this subsection are working on a bona fide specific investigation involving a designated person. Both the person providing and the person receiving the data or report under this subparagraph shall document in writing each person to whom the data or report has been given or received and the day, month, and year that the data or report has been given or received. This document shall be maintained in a file by each agency engaged in the investigation;
2. A representative of the Department for Medicaid Services may share data or reports regarding overutilization by Medicaid recipients with a board designated in paragraph (f)1. of this subsection, or with a law enforcement officer designated in paragraph (f)2. of this subsection;
3. The Department for Medicaid Services may submit the data as evidence in an administrative hearing held in accordance with KRS Chapter 13B;
4. If a state licensing board as defined in KRS § 218A.205 initiates formal disciplinary proceedings against a licensee, and data obtained by the board is relevant to the charges, the board may provide the data to the licensee and his or her counsel, as part of the notice process required by KRS § 13B.050, and admit the data as evidence in an administrative hearing conducted pursuant to KRS Chapter 13B, with the board and licensee taking all necessary steps to prevent further disclosure of the data; and
5. A practitioner, pharmacist, or employee who obtains data under paragraph (f)5. of this subsection may share the report with the patient or person authorized to act on the patient’s behalf. Any practitioner, pharmacist, or employee who obtains data under paragraph (f)5. of this subsection may place the report in the patient’s medical record, in which case the individual report shall then be deemed a medical record subject to disclosure on the same terms and conditions as an ordinary medical record in lieu of the disclosure restrictions otherwise imposed by this section;
(i) The cabinet, all peace officers specified in paragraph (f)2. of this subsection, all officers of the court, and all regulatory agencies and officers, in using the data for investigative or prosecution purposes, shall consider the nature of the prescriber’s and dispenser’s practice and the condition for which the patient is being treated;
(j) Intentional failure to comply with the reporting requirements of this subsection shall be a Class B misdemeanor for the first offense and a Class A misdemeanor for each subsequent offense; and
(k) If the cabinet becomes aware of a prescriber’s or dispenser’s failure to comply with this section, the cabinet shall notify the licensing board or agency
responsible for licensing the prescriber or dispenser. The licensing board shall treat the notification as a complaint against the license.
(4) For the purpose of monitoring the cultivation, processing, production, recommending, and dispensing of medicinal cannabis:
(a) Every medicinal cannabis practitioner who is authorized pursuant to KRS
218B.050 to provide written certifications for the use of medicinal cannabis and every cannabis business licensed under KRS § 218B.080, 218B.085, and
218B.090 shall register with the cabinet to use the system provided for in this section and shall maintain such registration continuously during the medicinal cannabis practitioner’s authorization to provide written certifications or a cannabis business’s term of licensure and shall not have to pay a fee or tax specifically dedicated to the operation of the system;
(b) No later than July 1, 2024, the cabinet shall ensure that the system provided for in this section allows:
1. Medicinal cannabis practitioners to record the issuance of written certifications to a patient as required by KRS § 218B.050;
2. The cabinet, law enforcement personnel, and dispensary agents to verify the validity of registry identification cards issued by the cabinet. When verifying the validity of an identification card, the system shall only disclose whether the identification card is valid and whether the cardholder is a registered qualified patient, visiting qualified patient, or designated caregiver;
3. Dispensary agents to record the amount of medicinal cannabis that is dispensed to a cardholder during each transaction, as required by KRS
218B.110;
4. Law enforcement personnel and dispensary agents to access medicinal cannabis sales data recorded by dispensary agents pursuant to KRS
218B.110;
5. The sharing of dispensing data recorded by dispensary agents, pursuant to KRS § 218B.110, with all licensed dispensaries in real time;
6. Licensed cannabis businesses to record data required by administrative regulations promulgated pursuant to KRS § 218B.140 to facilitate the tracking of medicinal cannabis from the point of cultivation to the point of sale to cardholders; and
7. The cabinet to track all medicinal cannabis in the state from the point of cultivation to the point of sale to a cardholder;
(c) The cabinet shall only disclose data related to the cultivation, production, recommending, and dispensing of medicinal cannabis to persons and entities authorized to receive that data under this subsection. Disclosure to any other person or entity, including disclosure in the context of a civil action where the disclosure is sought either for the purpose of discovery or for evidence, is prohibited unless specifically authorized by this subsection. The cabinet shall be authorized to provide data to:
1. Any person or entity authorized to receive data pursuant to paragraph
(b) of this subsection;
2. A designated representative of a state licensing board responsible for the licensure, regulation, or discipline of medicinal cannabis practitioners and who is involved in a bona fide specific investigation involving a designated person;
3. Employees of the Office of the Inspector General of the cabinet who have successfully completed training for the electronic system and who have been approved to use the system, Kentucky Commonwealth’s attorneys and assistant Commonwealth’s attorneys, and county attorneys and assistant county attorneys who are engaged in a bona fide specific investigation involving a designated person;
4. A properly convened grand jury pursuant to a subpoena properly issued for the records;
5. A medicinal cannabis practitioner or an employee of a medicinal cannabis practitioner’s practice acting under the specific direction of the medicinal cannabis practitioner, who certifies that the request for information is for the purpose of complying with KRS § 218B.050(4)(c);
6. The chief medical officer of a hospital or long-term-care facility, an employee of the hospital or long-term-care facility as designated by the chief medical officer and who is working under his or her specific direction, or a physician designee if the hospital or facility has no chief medical officer, if the officer, employee, or designee certifies that the requested information is for the purpose of providing medical or pharmaceutical treatment to a bona fide current or prospective patient or resident in the hospital or facility;
7. In addition to the purposes authorized under subparagraph 2. of this paragraph, the Kentucky Board of Medical Licensure, for any physician who is:
a. Associated in a partnership, other business entity, or supervision agreement established pursuant to KRS § 311.854 with a physician who is already under investigation by the Board of Medical Licensure for improper issuance of written certifications;
b. Associated in a partnership or other business entity with an advanced practice registered nurse who is already under investigation by the Board of Nursing for improper issuance of written certifications;
c. In a designated geographic area for which a trend report indicates a substantial likelihood that inappropriate issuance of written certifications may be occurring; or
d. In a designated geographic area for which a report on another physician in that area indicates a substantial likelihood that inappropriate issuance of written certifications may be occurring in that area;
8. In addition to the purposes authorized under subparagraph 2. of this
paragraph, the Kentucky Board of Nursing, for any advanced practice registered nurse who is:
a. Associated in a partnership or other business entity with a physician who is already under investigation by the Kentucky Board of Medical Licensure for improper issuance of written certifications;
b. Associated in a partnership or other business entity with an advanced practice registered nurse who is already under investigation by the Board of Nursing for improper issuance of written certifications;
c. In a designated geographic area for which a trend report indicates a substantial likelihood that inappropriate issuance of written certifications may be occurring; or
d. In a designated geographic area for which a report on another advanced practice registered nurse in that area indicates a substantial likelihood that inappropriate issuance of written certifications may be occurring in that area;
9. A judge or a probation or parole officer administering a diversion or probation program of a criminal defendant arising out of a violation of this chapter or of a criminal defendant who is documented by the court as a substance abuser who is eligible to participate in a court-ordered drug diversion or probation program;
10. A medical examiner engaged in a death investigation pursuant to KRS
72.026; or
11. The Legislative Research Commission, the University of Kentucky College of Medicine, or the Kentucky Center for Cannabis established in KRS § 164.983 if the cabinet determines that disclosing data related to the cultivation, production, recommending, and dispensing of medicinal cannabis to the Legislative Research Commission, the University of Kentucky College of Medicine, or the Kentucky Center for Cannabis is necessary to comply with the reporting requirements established in KRS
218B.020(8); and
(d) A person who receives data or any report of the system from the cabinet shall not provide it to any other person or entity except as provided in this section, in another statute, or by order of a court of competent jurisdiction and only to a person or entity authorized to receive the data or the report under this section, except that:
1. A person specified in paragraph (c)3. of this subsection who is authorized to receive data or a report may share that information with any other persons specified in paragraph (c)3. of this subsection authorized to receive data or a report if the persons specified in paragraph (c)3. of this subsection are working on a bona fide specific investigation involving a designated person. Both the person providing and the person receiving the data or report under this subparagraph shall document in writing each person to whom the data or report has been
given or received and the day, month, and year that the data or report has been given or received. This document shall be maintained in a file by each agency engaged in the investigation;
2. If a state licensing board initiates formal disciplinary proceedings against a licensee, and data obtained by the board is relevant to the charges, the board may provide the data to the licensee and his or her counsel, as part of the notice process required by KRS § 13B.050, and admit the data as evidence in an administrative hearing conducted pursuant to KRS Chapter 13B, with the board and licensee taking all necessary steps to prevent further disclosure of the data; and
3. A medicinal cannabis practitioner or an employee of a medicinal cannabis practitioner’s practice acting under the specific direction of the medicinal cannabis practitioner who obtains data under paragraph (c)5. of this subsection may share the report with the patient or person authorized to act on the patient’s behalf. Any medicinal cannabis practitioner or employee who obtains data under paragraph (c)5. of this subsection may place the report in the patient’s medical record, in which case the individual report shall then be deemed a medical record subject to disclosure on the same terms and conditions as an ordinary medical record in lieu of the disclosure restrictions otherwise imposed by this section.
(5) The data contained in, and any report obtained from, the electronic system for monitoring established pursuant to this section shall not be a public record, except that the Department for Medicaid Services may submit the data as evidence in an administrative hearing held in accordance with KRS Chapter 13B.
(6) Intentional disclosure of transmitted data to a person not authorized by subsection (3)(f) to (h) or (4)(c) and (d) of this section or authorized by KRS § 315.121, or obtaining information under this section not relating to a bona fide current or prospective patient or a bona fide specific investigation, shall be a Class B misdemeanor for the first offense and a Class A misdemeanor for each subsequent offense.
(7) The cabinet may, by promulgating an administrative regulation, limit the length of time that data remain in the electronic system. Any data removed from the system shall be archived and subject to retrieval within a reasonable time after a request from a person authorized to review data under this section.
(8) (a) The Cabinet for Health and Family Services shall work with each board responsible for the licensure, regulation, or discipline of practitioners, pharmacists, or other persons who are authorized to prescribe, administer, or dispense controlled substances for the development of a continuing education program about the purposes and uses of the electronic system for monitoring established in this section.
(b) The cabinet shall work with each board responsible for the licensure, regulation, or discipline of medicinal cannabis practitioners for the development of a continuing education program about the purposes and uses of the electronic system for monitoring established in this section.
(c) The cabinet shall work with the Kentucky Bar Association for the development of a continuing education program for attorneys about the purposes and uses of the electronic system for monitoring established in this section.
(d) The cabinet shall work with the Justice and Public Safety Cabinet for the development of a continuing education program for law enforcement officers about the purposes and uses of the electronic system for monitoring established in this section.
(e) The cabinet shall develop a training program for cannabis business agents about the purposes and uses of the electronic system for monitoring established in this section.
(9) The cabinet, Office of Inspector General, shall conduct quarterly reviews to identify patterns of potential improper, inappropriate, or illegal prescribing or dispensing of a controlled substance, issuance of written certifications, or cultivation, processing, or dispensing of medicinal cannabis. The Office of Inspector General may independently investigate and submit findings and recommendations to the appropriate boards of licensure or other reporting agencies.
(10) The cabinet shall promulgate administrative regulations to implement the provisions of this section. Included in these administrative regulations shall be:
(a) An error resolution process allowing a patient to whom a report had been disclosed under subsections (3) and (4) of this section to request the correction of inaccurate information contained in the system relating to that patient; and
(b) A requirement that data be reported to the system under subsection (3)(b) of this section within one (1) day of dispensing.
(11) (a) Before July 1, 2018, the Administrative Office of the Courts shall forward data regarding any felony or Class A misdemeanor conviction that involves the trafficking or possession of a controlled substance or other prohibited acts under KRS Chapter 218A for the previous five (5) calendar years to the cabinet for inclusion in the electronic monitoring system established under this section. On or after July 1, 2018, such data shall be forwarded by the Administrative Office of the Courts to the cabinet on a continuing basis. The cabinet shall incorporate the data received into the system so that a query by patient name indicates any prior drug conviction.
(b) Before July 1, 2024, the Administrative Office of the Courts shall forward data regarding any disqualifying felony offense for the previous five (5) calendar years to the cabinet for inclusion in the electronic monitoring system established under this section. On or after July 1, 2024, such data shall be forwarded by the Administrative Office of the Courts to the cabinet on a continuing basis. The cabinet shall incorporate the data received into the system so that a query by patient name indicates any prior disqualifying felony conviction.
Effective: June 29, 2023
History: Amended 2023 Ky. Acts ch. 146, sec. 38, effective June 29, 2023. — Amended 2017 Ky. Acts ch. 120, sec. 1, effective June 29, 2017; ch. 138, sec. 1, effective June 29, 2017; and ch. 168, sec. 10, effective June 29, 2017. — Amended
2013 Ky. Acts ch. 2, sec. 3, effective March 4, 2013. — Amended 2012 (1st Extra. Sess.) Ky. Acts ch. 1, sec. 4, effective July 20, 2012. — Amended 2010 Ky. Acts ch.
85, sec. 43, effective July 15, 2010. — Amended 2007 Ky. Acts ch. 85, sec. 252, effective June 26, 2007; and ch. 124, sec. 4, effective June 26, 2007. — Amended
2006 Ky. Acts ch. 5, sec. 5, effective July 12, 2006. — Amended 2005 Ky. Acts ch.
85, sec. 627, effective June 20, 2005; and ch. 99, sec. 543, effective June 20, 2005. — Amended 2004 Ky. Acts ch. 68, sec. 1, effective July 13, 2004; and ch. 107, sec. 1, effective July 13, 2004. — Amended 2002 Ky. Acts ch. 295, sec. 1, effective April 9,
2002. — Created 1998 Ky. Acts ch. 301, sec. 13, effective July 15, 1998.
Legislative Research Commission Note (7/13/2004). This section was amended by
2004 Ky. Acts chs. 68 and 107. Where these Acts are not in conflict, they have been codified together. Where a conflict exists, Acts ch. 107, which was last enacted by the General Assembly, prevails under KRS § 446.250.
(a) “Cabinet” means the Cabinet for Health and Family Services;
Attorney's Note
Under the Kentucky Statutes, punishments for crimes depend on the classification. In the case of this section:| Class | Prison | Fine |
|---|---|---|
| Class A misdemeanor | up to 12 months | up to $500 |
| Class B misdemeanor | up to 90 days | up to $250 |
Terms Used In Kentucky Statutes 218A.202
- Action: includes all proceedings in any court of this state. See Kentucky Statutes 446.010
- Administer: means the direct application of a controlled substance, whether by injection, inhalation, ingestion, or any other means, to the body of a patient or research subject by:
(a) A practitioner or by his or her authorized agent under his or her immediate supervision and pursuant to his or her order. See Kentucky Statutes 218A.010 - Cabinet: means the Cabinet for Health and Family Services. See Kentucky Statutes 218A.010
- Complaint: A written statement by the plaintiff stating the wrongs allegedly committed by the defendant.
- Contract: A legal written agreement that becomes binding when signed.
- Conviction: A judgement of guilt against a criminal defendant.
- Defendant: In a civil suit, the person complained against; in a criminal case, the person accused of the crime.
- Discovery: Lawyers' examination, before trial, of facts and documents in possession of the opponents to help the lawyers prepare for trial.
- Dispense: means to deliver a controlled substance to an ultimate user or research subject by or pursuant to the lawful order of a practitioner, including the packaging, labeling, or compounding necessary to prepare the substance for that delivery. See Kentucky Statutes 218A.010
- Dispenser: means a person who lawfully dispenses a Schedule II, III, IV, or V
controlled substance to or for the use of an ultimate user. See Kentucky Statutes 218A.010 - Drug: means :
(a) Substances recognized as drugs in the official United States Pharmacopoeia, official Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia of the United States, or official National Formulary, or any supplement to any of them. See Kentucky Statutes 218A.010 - Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other.
- Federal: refers to the United States. See Kentucky Statutes 446.010
- Grand jury: agreement providing that a lender will delay exercising its rights (in the case of a mortgage,
- Jurisdiction: (1) The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a case. Concurrent jurisdiction exists when two courts have simultaneous responsibility for the same case. (2) The geographic area over which the court has authority to decide cases.
- Month: means calendar month. See Kentucky Statutes 446.010
- Partnership: A voluntary contract between two or more persons to pool some or all of their assets into a business, with the agreement that there will be a proportional sharing of profits and losses.
- Partnership: includes both general and limited partnerships. See Kentucky Statutes 446.010
- Person: means individual, corporation, government or governmental subdivision or agency, business trust, estate, trust, partnership or association, or any other legal entity. See Kentucky Statutes 218A.010
- Pharmacist: means a natural person licensed by this state to engage in the practice
of the profession of pharmacy. See Kentucky Statutes 218A.010 - Practitioner: means a physician, dentist, podiatrist, veterinarian, scientific investigator, optometrist as authorized in KRS §. See Kentucky Statutes 218A.010
- Probation: A sentencing alternative to imprisonment in which the court releases convicted defendants under supervision as long as certain conditions are observed.
- Production: includes the manufacture, planting, cultivation, growing, or harvesting of a controlled substance. See Kentucky Statutes 218A.010
- State: when applied to a part of the United States, includes territories, outlying possessions, and the District of Columbia. See Kentucky Statutes 446.010
- Statute: A law passed by a legislature.
- Subpoena: A command to a witness to appear and give testimony.
- Treatment: when used in a criminal justice context, means targeted interventions
that focus on criminal risk factors in order to reduce the likelihood of criminal behavior. See Kentucky Statutes 446.010 - Year: means calendar year. See Kentucky Statutes 446.010
(b) “Cannabis business” has the same meaning as in KRS § 218B.010;
(c) “Controlled substance” means any Schedule II, III, IV, or V controlled substance and does not include medicinal cannabis;
(d) “Dispensary” has the same meaning as in KRS § 218B.010;
(e) “Dispensary agent” has the same meaning as in KRS § 218B.010;
(f) “Disqualifying felony offense” has the same meaning as in KRS § 218B.010; (g) “Medicinal cannabis” has the same meaning as in KRS § 218B.010;
(h) “Medicinal cannabis practitioner” has the same meaning as in KRS § 218B.010; (i) “Registry identification card” has the same meaning as in KRS § 218B.010;
(j) “State licensing board” has the same meaning as in KRS § 218B.010;
(k) “Use of medicinal cannabis” has the same meaning as in KRS § 218B.010; and
(l) “Written certification” has the same meaning as in KRS § 218B.010.
(2) The cabinet shall establish and maintain an electronic system for monitoring Schedules II, III, IV, and V controlled substances and medicinal cannabis. The cabinet may contract for the design, upgrade, or operation of this system if the contract preserves all of the rights, privileges, and protections guaranteed to Kentucky citizens under this chapter and the contract requires that all other aspects of the system be operated in conformity with the requirements of this or any other applicable state or federal law.
(3) For the purpose of monitoring the prescribing and dispensing of Schedule II, III, IV, or V controlled substances:
(a) A practitioner or a pharmacist authorized to prescribe or dispense controlled substances to humans shall register with the cabinet to use the system provided for in this section and shall maintain such registration continuously during the practitioner’s or pharmacist’s term of licensure and shall not have to pay a fee or tax specifically dedicated to the operation of the system;
(b) Every practitioner or pharmacy which dispenses a controlled substance to a person in Kentucky, or to a person at an address in Kentucky, shall report to the cabinet the data required by this section, which includes the reporting of any Schedule II controlled substance dispensed at a facility licensed by the cabinet and a Schedule II through Schedule V controlled substance regardless of dosage when dispensed by the emergency department of a hospital to an emergency department patient. Reporting shall not be required for:
1. A drug administered directly to a patient in a hospital, a resident of a
health care facility licensed under KRS Chapter 216B, a resident of a child-caring facility as defined by KRS § 199.011, or an individual in a jail, correctional facility, or juvenile detention facility;
2. A Schedule III through Schedule V controlled substance dispensed by a facility licensed by the cabinet provided that the quantity dispensed is limited to an amount adequate to treat the patient for a maximum of forty-eight (48) hours and is not dispensed by the emergency department of a hospital; or
3. A drug administered or dispensed to a research subject enrolled in a research protocol approved by an institutional review board that has an active federalwide assurance number from the United States Department of Health and Human Services, Office for Human Research Protections, where the research involves single, double, or triple blind drug administration or is additionally covered by a certificate of confidentiality from the National Institutes of Health;
(c) In addition to the data required by paragraph (d) of this subsection, a Kentucky-licensed acute care hospital or critical access hospital shall report to the cabinet all positive toxicology screens that were performed by the hospital’s emergency department to evaluate the patient’s suspected drug overdose;
(d) Data for each controlled substance that is reported shall include but not be limited to the following:
1. Patient identifier;
2. National drug code of the drug dispensed;
3. Date of dispensing;
4. Quantity dispensed;
5. Prescriber; and
6. Dispenser;
(e) The data shall be provided in the electronic format specified by the cabinet unless a waiver has been granted by the cabinet to an individual dispenser. The cabinet shall establish acceptable error tolerance rates for data. Dispensers shall ensure that reports fall within these tolerances. Incomplete or inaccurate data shall be corrected upon notification by the cabinet if the dispenser exceeds these error tolerance rates;
(f) The cabinet shall only disclose data to persons and entities authorized to receive that data under this subsection. Disclosure to any other person or entity, including disclosure in the context of a civil action where the disclosure is sought either for the purpose of discovery or for evidence, is prohibited unless specifically authorized by this section. The cabinet shall be authorized to provide data to:
1. A designated representative of a board responsible for the licensure, regulation, or discipline of practitioners, pharmacists, or other person who is authorized to prescribe, administer, or dispense controlled substances and who is involved in a bona fide specific investigation
involving a designated person;
2. Employees of the Office of the Inspector General of the cabinet who have successfully completed training for the electronic system and who have been approved to use the system, federal prosecutors, Kentucky Commonwealth’s attorneys and assistant Commonwealth’s attorneys, county attorneys and assistant county attorneys, a peace officer certified pursuant to KRS § 15.380 to KRS § 15.404, a certified or full-time peace officer of another state, or a federal agent whose duty is to enforce the laws of this Commonwealth, of another state, or of the United States relating to drugs and who is engaged in a bona fide specific investigation involving a designated person;
3. A state-operated Medicaid program in conformity with paragraph (g) of this subsection;
4. A properly convened grand jury pursuant to a subpoena properly issued for the records;
5. A practitioner or pharmacist, or employee of the practitioner’s or pharmacist’s practice acting under the specific direction of the practitioner or pharmacist, who certifies that the requested information is for the purpose of:
a. Providing medical or pharmaceutical treatment to a bona fide current or prospective patient;
b. Reviewing data on controlled substances that have been reported for the birth mother of an infant who is currently being treated by the practitioner for neonatal abstinence syndrome, or has symptoms that suggest prenatal drug exposure; or
c. Reviewing and assessing the individual prescribing or dispensing patterns of the practitioner or pharmacist or to determine the accuracy and completeness of information contained in the monitoring system;
6. The chief medical officer of a hospital or long-term-care facility, an employee of the hospital or long-term-care facility as designated by the chief medical officer and who is working under his or her specific direction, or a physician designee if the hospital or facility has no chief medical officer, if the officer, employee, or designee certifies that the requested information is for the purpose of providing medical or pharmaceutical treatment to a bona fide current or prospective patient or resident in the hospital or facility;
7. In addition to the purposes authorized under subparagraph 1. of this paragraph, the Kentucky Board of Medical Licensure, for any physician who is:
a. Associated in a partnership or other business entity with a physician who is already under investigation by the Board of Medical Licensure for improper prescribing or dispensing practices;
b. In a designated geographic area for which a trend report indicates a substantial likelihood that inappropriate prescribing or dispensing may be occurring; or
c. In a designated geographic area for which a report on another physician in that area indicates a substantial likelihood that inappropriate prescribing or dispensing may be occurring in that area;
8. In addition to the purposes authorized under subparagraph 1. of this paragraph, the Kentucky Board of Nursing, for any advanced practice registered nurse who is:
a. Associated in a partnership or other business entity with a physician who is already under investigation by the Kentucky Board of Medical Licensure for improper prescribing or dispensing practices;
b. Associated in a partnership or other business entity with an advanced practice registered nurse who is already under investigation by the Board of Nursing for improper prescribing practices;
c. In a designated geographic area for which a trend report indicates a substantial likelihood that inappropriate prescribing or dispensing may be occurring; or
d. In a designated geographic area for which a report on a physician or another advanced practice registered nurse in that area indicates a substantial likelihood that inappropriate prescribing or dispensing may be occurring in that area;
9. A judge or a probation or parole officer administering a diversion or probation program of a criminal defendant arising out of a violation of this chapter or of a criminal defendant who is documented by the court as a substance abuser who is eligible to participate in a court-ordered drug diversion or probation program; or
10. A medical examiner engaged in a death investigation pursuant to KRS
72.026;
(g) The Department for Medicaid Services shall use any data or reports from the system for the purpose of identifying Medicaid providers or recipients whose prescribing, dispensing, or usage of controlled substances may be:
1. Appropriately managed by a single outpatient pharmacy or primary care physician; or
2. Indicative of improper, inappropriate, or illegal prescribing or dispensing practices by a practitioner or drug seeking by a Medicaid recipient;
(h) A person who receives data or any report of the system from the cabinet shall not provide it to any other person or entity except as provided in this subsection, in another statute, or by order of a court of competent jurisdiction and only to a person or entity authorized to receive the data or the report
under this section, except that:
1. A person specified in paragraph (f)2. of this subsection who is authorized to receive data or a report may share that information with any other persons specified in paragraph (f)2. of this subsection authorized to receive data or a report if the persons specified in paragraph (f)2. of this subsection are working on a bona fide specific investigation involving a designated person. Both the person providing and the person receiving the data or report under this subparagraph shall document in writing each person to whom the data or report has been given or received and the day, month, and year that the data or report has been given or received. This document shall be maintained in a file by each agency engaged in the investigation;
2. A representative of the Department for Medicaid Services may share data or reports regarding overutilization by Medicaid recipients with a board designated in paragraph (f)1. of this subsection, or with a law enforcement officer designated in paragraph (f)2. of this subsection;
3. The Department for Medicaid Services may submit the data as evidence in an administrative hearing held in accordance with KRS Chapter 13B;
4. If a state licensing board as defined in KRS § 218A.205 initiates formal disciplinary proceedings against a licensee, and data obtained by the board is relevant to the charges, the board may provide the data to the licensee and his or her counsel, as part of the notice process required by KRS § 13B.050, and admit the data as evidence in an administrative hearing conducted pursuant to KRS Chapter 13B, with the board and licensee taking all necessary steps to prevent further disclosure of the data; and
5. A practitioner, pharmacist, or employee who obtains data under paragraph (f)5. of this subsection may share the report with the patient or person authorized to act on the patient’s behalf. Any practitioner, pharmacist, or employee who obtains data under paragraph (f)5. of this subsection may place the report in the patient’s medical record, in which case the individual report shall then be deemed a medical record subject to disclosure on the same terms and conditions as an ordinary medical record in lieu of the disclosure restrictions otherwise imposed by this section;
(i) The cabinet, all peace officers specified in paragraph (f)2. of this subsection, all officers of the court, and all regulatory agencies and officers, in using the data for investigative or prosecution purposes, shall consider the nature of the prescriber’s and dispenser’s practice and the condition for which the patient is being treated;
(j) Intentional failure to comply with the reporting requirements of this subsection shall be a Class B misdemeanor for the first offense and a Class A misdemeanor for each subsequent offense; and
(k) If the cabinet becomes aware of a prescriber’s or dispenser’s failure to comply with this section, the cabinet shall notify the licensing board or agency
responsible for licensing the prescriber or dispenser. The licensing board shall treat the notification as a complaint against the license.
(4) For the purpose of monitoring the cultivation, processing, production, recommending, and dispensing of medicinal cannabis:
(a) Every medicinal cannabis practitioner who is authorized pursuant to KRS
218B.050 to provide written certifications for the use of medicinal cannabis and every cannabis business licensed under KRS § 218B.080, 218B.085, and
218B.090 shall register with the cabinet to use the system provided for in this section and shall maintain such registration continuously during the medicinal cannabis practitioner’s authorization to provide written certifications or a cannabis business’s term of licensure and shall not have to pay a fee or tax specifically dedicated to the operation of the system;
(b) No later than July 1, 2024, the cabinet shall ensure that the system provided for in this section allows:
1. Medicinal cannabis practitioners to record the issuance of written certifications to a patient as required by KRS § 218B.050;
2. The cabinet, law enforcement personnel, and dispensary agents to verify the validity of registry identification cards issued by the cabinet. When verifying the validity of an identification card, the system shall only disclose whether the identification card is valid and whether the cardholder is a registered qualified patient, visiting qualified patient, or designated caregiver;
3. Dispensary agents to record the amount of medicinal cannabis that is dispensed to a cardholder during each transaction, as required by KRS
218B.110;
4. Law enforcement personnel and dispensary agents to access medicinal cannabis sales data recorded by dispensary agents pursuant to KRS
218B.110;
5. The sharing of dispensing data recorded by dispensary agents, pursuant to KRS § 218B.110, with all licensed dispensaries in real time;
6. Licensed cannabis businesses to record data required by administrative regulations promulgated pursuant to KRS § 218B.140 to facilitate the tracking of medicinal cannabis from the point of cultivation to the point of sale to cardholders; and
7. The cabinet to track all medicinal cannabis in the state from the point of cultivation to the point of sale to a cardholder;
(c) The cabinet shall only disclose data related to the cultivation, production, recommending, and dispensing of medicinal cannabis to persons and entities authorized to receive that data under this subsection. Disclosure to any other person or entity, including disclosure in the context of a civil action where the disclosure is sought either for the purpose of discovery or for evidence, is prohibited unless specifically authorized by this subsection. The cabinet shall be authorized to provide data to:
1. Any person or entity authorized to receive data pursuant to paragraph
(b) of this subsection;
2. A designated representative of a state licensing board responsible for the licensure, regulation, or discipline of medicinal cannabis practitioners and who is involved in a bona fide specific investigation involving a designated person;
3. Employees of the Office of the Inspector General of the cabinet who have successfully completed training for the electronic system and who have been approved to use the system, Kentucky Commonwealth’s attorneys and assistant Commonwealth’s attorneys, and county attorneys and assistant county attorneys who are engaged in a bona fide specific investigation involving a designated person;
4. A properly convened grand jury pursuant to a subpoena properly issued for the records;
5. A medicinal cannabis practitioner or an employee of a medicinal cannabis practitioner’s practice acting under the specific direction of the medicinal cannabis practitioner, who certifies that the request for information is for the purpose of complying with KRS § 218B.050(4)(c);
6. The chief medical officer of a hospital or long-term-care facility, an employee of the hospital or long-term-care facility as designated by the chief medical officer and who is working under his or her specific direction, or a physician designee if the hospital or facility has no chief medical officer, if the officer, employee, or designee certifies that the requested information is for the purpose of providing medical or pharmaceutical treatment to a bona fide current or prospective patient or resident in the hospital or facility;
7. In addition to the purposes authorized under subparagraph 2. of this paragraph, the Kentucky Board of Medical Licensure, for any physician who is:
a. Associated in a partnership, other business entity, or supervision agreement established pursuant to KRS § 311.854 with a physician who is already under investigation by the Board of Medical Licensure for improper issuance of written certifications;
b. Associated in a partnership or other business entity with an advanced practice registered nurse who is already under investigation by the Board of Nursing for improper issuance of written certifications;
c. In a designated geographic area for which a trend report indicates a substantial likelihood that inappropriate issuance of written certifications may be occurring; or
d. In a designated geographic area for which a report on another physician in that area indicates a substantial likelihood that inappropriate issuance of written certifications may be occurring in that area;
8. In addition to the purposes authorized under subparagraph 2. of this
paragraph, the Kentucky Board of Nursing, for any advanced practice registered nurse who is:
a. Associated in a partnership or other business entity with a physician who is already under investigation by the Kentucky Board of Medical Licensure for improper issuance of written certifications;
b. Associated in a partnership or other business entity with an advanced practice registered nurse who is already under investigation by the Board of Nursing for improper issuance of written certifications;
c. In a designated geographic area for which a trend report indicates a substantial likelihood that inappropriate issuance of written certifications may be occurring; or
d. In a designated geographic area for which a report on another advanced practice registered nurse in that area indicates a substantial likelihood that inappropriate issuance of written certifications may be occurring in that area;
9. A judge or a probation or parole officer administering a diversion or probation program of a criminal defendant arising out of a violation of this chapter or of a criminal defendant who is documented by the court as a substance abuser who is eligible to participate in a court-ordered drug diversion or probation program;
10. A medical examiner engaged in a death investigation pursuant to KRS
72.026; or
11. The Legislative Research Commission, the University of Kentucky College of Medicine, or the Kentucky Center for Cannabis established in KRS § 164.983 if the cabinet determines that disclosing data related to the cultivation, production, recommending, and dispensing of medicinal cannabis to the Legislative Research Commission, the University of Kentucky College of Medicine, or the Kentucky Center for Cannabis is necessary to comply with the reporting requirements established in KRS
218B.020(8); and
(d) A person who receives data or any report of the system from the cabinet shall not provide it to any other person or entity except as provided in this section, in another statute, or by order of a court of competent jurisdiction and only to a person or entity authorized to receive the data or the report under this section, except that:
1. A person specified in paragraph (c)3. of this subsection who is authorized to receive data or a report may share that information with any other persons specified in paragraph (c)3. of this subsection authorized to receive data or a report if the persons specified in paragraph (c)3. of this subsection are working on a bona fide specific investigation involving a designated person. Both the person providing and the person receiving the data or report under this subparagraph shall document in writing each person to whom the data or report has been
given or received and the day, month, and year that the data or report has been given or received. This document shall be maintained in a file by each agency engaged in the investigation;
2. If a state licensing board initiates formal disciplinary proceedings against a licensee, and data obtained by the board is relevant to the charges, the board may provide the data to the licensee and his or her counsel, as part of the notice process required by KRS § 13B.050, and admit the data as evidence in an administrative hearing conducted pursuant to KRS Chapter 13B, with the board and licensee taking all necessary steps to prevent further disclosure of the data; and
3. A medicinal cannabis practitioner or an employee of a medicinal cannabis practitioner’s practice acting under the specific direction of the medicinal cannabis practitioner who obtains data under paragraph (c)5. of this subsection may share the report with the patient or person authorized to act on the patient’s behalf. Any medicinal cannabis practitioner or employee who obtains data under paragraph (c)5. of this subsection may place the report in the patient’s medical record, in which case the individual report shall then be deemed a medical record subject to disclosure on the same terms and conditions as an ordinary medical record in lieu of the disclosure restrictions otherwise imposed by this section.
(5) The data contained in, and any report obtained from, the electronic system for monitoring established pursuant to this section shall not be a public record, except that the Department for Medicaid Services may submit the data as evidence in an administrative hearing held in accordance with KRS Chapter 13B.
(6) Intentional disclosure of transmitted data to a person not authorized by subsection (3)(f) to (h) or (4)(c) and (d) of this section or authorized by KRS § 315.121, or obtaining information under this section not relating to a bona fide current or prospective patient or a bona fide specific investigation, shall be a Class B misdemeanor for the first offense and a Class A misdemeanor for each subsequent offense.
(7) The cabinet may, by promulgating an administrative regulation, limit the length of time that data remain in the electronic system. Any data removed from the system shall be archived and subject to retrieval within a reasonable time after a request from a person authorized to review data under this section.
(8) (a) The Cabinet for Health and Family Services shall work with each board responsible for the licensure, regulation, or discipline of practitioners, pharmacists, or other persons who are authorized to prescribe, administer, or dispense controlled substances for the development of a continuing education program about the purposes and uses of the electronic system for monitoring established in this section.
(b) The cabinet shall work with each board responsible for the licensure, regulation, or discipline of medicinal cannabis practitioners for the development of a continuing education program about the purposes and uses of the electronic system for monitoring established in this section.
(c) The cabinet shall work with the Kentucky Bar Association for the development of a continuing education program for attorneys about the purposes and uses of the electronic system for monitoring established in this section.
(d) The cabinet shall work with the Justice and Public Safety Cabinet for the development of a continuing education program for law enforcement officers about the purposes and uses of the electronic system for monitoring established in this section.
(e) The cabinet shall develop a training program for cannabis business agents about the purposes and uses of the electronic system for monitoring established in this section.
(9) The cabinet, Office of Inspector General, shall conduct quarterly reviews to identify patterns of potential improper, inappropriate, or illegal prescribing or dispensing of a controlled substance, issuance of written certifications, or cultivation, processing, or dispensing of medicinal cannabis. The Office of Inspector General may independently investigate and submit findings and recommendations to the appropriate boards of licensure or other reporting agencies.
(10) The cabinet shall promulgate administrative regulations to implement the provisions of this section. Included in these administrative regulations shall be:
(a) An error resolution process allowing a patient to whom a report had been disclosed under subsections (3) and (4) of this section to request the correction of inaccurate information contained in the system relating to that patient; and
(b) A requirement that data be reported to the system under subsection (3)(b) of this section within one (1) day of dispensing.
(11) (a) Before July 1, 2018, the Administrative Office of the Courts shall forward data regarding any felony or Class A misdemeanor conviction that involves the trafficking or possession of a controlled substance or other prohibited acts under KRS Chapter 218A for the previous five (5) calendar years to the cabinet for inclusion in the electronic monitoring system established under this section. On or after July 1, 2018, such data shall be forwarded by the Administrative Office of the Courts to the cabinet on a continuing basis. The cabinet shall incorporate the data received into the system so that a query by patient name indicates any prior drug conviction.
(b) Before July 1, 2024, the Administrative Office of the Courts shall forward data regarding any disqualifying felony offense for the previous five (5) calendar years to the cabinet for inclusion in the electronic monitoring system established under this section. On or after July 1, 2024, such data shall be forwarded by the Administrative Office of the Courts to the cabinet on a continuing basis. The cabinet shall incorporate the data received into the system so that a query by patient name indicates any prior disqualifying felony conviction.
Effective: June 29, 2023
History: Amended 2023 Ky. Acts ch. 146, sec. 38, effective June 29, 2023. — Amended 2017 Ky. Acts ch. 120, sec. 1, effective June 29, 2017; ch. 138, sec. 1, effective June 29, 2017; and ch. 168, sec. 10, effective June 29, 2017. — Amended
2013 Ky. Acts ch. 2, sec. 3, effective March 4, 2013. — Amended 2012 (1st Extra. Sess.) Ky. Acts ch. 1, sec. 4, effective July 20, 2012. — Amended 2010 Ky. Acts ch.
85, sec. 43, effective July 15, 2010. — Amended 2007 Ky. Acts ch. 85, sec. 252, effective June 26, 2007; and ch. 124, sec. 4, effective June 26, 2007. — Amended
2006 Ky. Acts ch. 5, sec. 5, effective July 12, 2006. — Amended 2005 Ky. Acts ch.
85, sec. 627, effective June 20, 2005; and ch. 99, sec. 543, effective June 20, 2005. — Amended 2004 Ky. Acts ch. 68, sec. 1, effective July 13, 2004; and ch. 107, sec. 1, effective July 13, 2004. — Amended 2002 Ky. Acts ch. 295, sec. 1, effective April 9,
2002. — Created 1998 Ky. Acts ch. 301, sec. 13, effective July 15, 1998.
Legislative Research Commission Note (7/13/2004). This section was amended by
2004 Ky. Acts chs. 68 and 107. Where these Acts are not in conflict, they have been codified together. Where a conflict exists, Acts ch. 107, which was last enacted by the General Assembly, prevails under KRS § 446.250.