Iowa Code 232.11 – Right to assistance of counsel
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1. A child shall have the right to be represented by counsel at the following stages of the proceedings within the jurisdiction of the juvenile court under subchapter II or subchapter VIII:
a. From the time the child is taken into custody for any alleged delinquent act that constitutes a serious or aggravated misdemeanor or felony under the Iowa criminal code, and during any questioning thereafter by a peace officer or probation officer.
b. A detention or shelter care hearing as required by section 232.44.
c. A waiver hearing as required by section 232.45.
d. An adjudicatory hearing required by section 232.47.
e. A dispositional hearing as required by section 232.50.
f. Hearings to review and modify a dispositional order as required by section 232.54.
g. A hearing on a confidentiality order under section 232.149A or a public records order under section 232.149B.
Attorney's Note
Under the Iowa Code, punishments for crimes depend on the classification. In the case of this section:| Class | Prison | Fine |
|---|---|---|
| Aggravated misdemeanor | up to 2 years | between $855 and $8,540 |
| Simple misdemeanor | up to 30 days | between $105 and $855 |
Terms Used In Iowa Code 232.11
- Adjudicatory hearing: means a hearing to determine if the allegations of a petition are true. See Iowa Code 232.2
- Child: includes but shall not be limited to a stepchild, foster child, or legally adopted child and means a child actually or apparently under eighteen years of age, and a dependent person eighteen years of age or over who is unable to maintain the person's self and is likely to become a public charge. See Iowa Code 252A.2
- Child: means any person under the age of eighteen years. See Iowa Code 232.68
- Court: shall mean and include any court upon which jurisdiction has been conferred to determine the liability of persons for the support of dependents. See Iowa Code 252A.2
- Court: means the juvenile court established under section 602. See Iowa Code 232.2
- Custodian: means a stepparent or a relative within the fourth degree of consanguinity to a child who has assumed responsibility for that child, a person who has accepted a release of custody pursuant to subchapter IV, or a person appointed by a court or juvenile court having jurisdiction over a child. See Iowa Code 232.2
- Delinquent act: means :a. See Iowa Code 232.2
- Detention: means the temporary care of a child in a physically restricting facility designed to ensure the continued custody of the child at any point between the child's initial contact with the juvenile authorities and the final disposition of the child's case. See Iowa Code 232.2
- Dispositional hearing: means a hearing held after an adjudication to determine what dispositional order should be made. See Iowa Code 232.2
- following: when used by way of reference to a chapter or other part of a statute mean the next preceding or next following chapter or other part. See Iowa Code 4.1
- Guardian: A person legally empowered and charged with the duty of taking care of and managing the property of another person who because of age, intellect, or health, is incapable of managing his (her) own affairs.
- Guardian: means a person who is not the parent of a child, but who has been appointed by a court having jurisdiction over the child, to have a permanent self-sustaining relationship with the child and to make important decisions which have a permanent effect on the life and development of that child and to promote the general welfare of that child. See Iowa Code 232.2
- Jurisdiction: (1) The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a case. Concurrent jurisdiction exists when two courts have simultaneous responsibility for the same case. (2) The geographic area over which the court has authority to decide cases.
- Juvenile: means the same as "child". See Iowa Code 232.2
- Parent: means a biological or adoptive mother or father of a child; or a father whose paternity has been established by one of the methods enumerated in section 252A. See Iowa Code 232.2
- Peace officer: means a law enforcement officer or a person designated as a peace officer by a provision of the Code. See Iowa Code 232.2
- person: means individual, corporation, limited liability company, government or governmental subdivision or agency, business trust, estate, trust, partnership or association, or any other legal entity. See Iowa Code 4.1
- Shelter care: means the temporary care of a child in a physically unrestricting facility at any time between a child's initial contact with juvenile authorities and the final judicial disposition of the child's case. See Iowa Code 232.2
- Waiver hearing: means a hearing at which the court determines whether it shall waive its jurisdiction over a child alleged to have committed a delinquent act so that the state may prosecute the child as if the child were an adult. See Iowa Code 232.2
2. The child’s right to be represented by counsel under subsection 1, paragraphs “b” through “f”, shall not be waived by a child of any age. The child’s right to be represented by counsel under subsection 1, paragraph “a”, shall not be waived by a child less than sixteen years of age without the written consent of the child’s parent, guardian, or custodian. The waiver by a child who is at least sixteen years of age is valid only if a good faith effort has been made to notify the child’s parent, guardian, or custodian that the child has been taken into custody and of the alleged delinquent act for which the child has been taken into custody, the location of the child, and the right of the parent, guardian, or custodian to visit and confer with the child.3. If the child is not represented by counsel as required under subsection 1, counsel shall be provided as follows:a. If the court determines, after giving the child’s parent, guardian, or custodian an opportunity to be heard, that such person has the ability in whole or in part to pay for the employment of counsel, it shall either order that person to retain an attorney to represent the child or shall appoint counsel for the child and order the parent, guardian, or custodian to pay for that counsel as provided in subsection 5.b. If the court determines that the parent, guardian, or custodian cannot pay any part of the expenses of counsel to represent the child, it shall appoint counsel, who shall be reimbursed according to section 232.141, subsection 2, paragraph “b”.c. The court may appoint counsel to represent the child and reserve the determination of payment until the parent, guardian, or custodian has an opportunity to be heard.4. If the child is represented by counsel and the court determines that there is a conflict of interest between the child and the child’s parent, guardian, or custodian and that the retained counsel could not properly represent the child as a result of the conflict, the court shall appoint other counsel to represent the child and order the parent, guardian, or custodian to pay for such counsel as provided in subsection 5.5. If the court determines, after an inquiry which includes notice and reasonable opportunity to be heard that the parent, guardian, or custodian has the ability to pay in whole or in part for the attorney appointed for the child, the court may order that person to pay such sums as the court finds appropriate in the manner and to whom the court directs. If the person so ordered fails to comply with the order without good reason, the court shall enter judgment against the person.6. Nothing in this section shall be construed to prevent the child or the child’s parent, guardian, or custodian from retaining counsel to represent the child in proceedings under this subchapter II in which the alleged delinquent act constitutes a simple misdemeanor under the Code.