Terms Used In Utah Code > Title 41 > Chapter 1a - Motor Vehicle Act

• Abstract of judgment: In a federal criminal proceeding, A certification from a U.S. District Court clerk that a judgment of restitution was entered against the defendant owing to the victim. If the defendant inherits, owns, or sells real property or holdings, these assets can then be attached at the state and local levels as well.
• Abuse: means any of the following:
       (1)(a) "abuse" as that term is defined in Section 76-5-111 or 80-1-102; or
       (1)(b) "child abuse" as that term is defined in Section 76-5-109. See Utah Code 77-38-601
• Account: means the Online Court Assistance Account created in this section. See Utah Code 78A-2-501
• Account holder: means the same as that term is defined in Section 13-71-101. See Utah Code 78B-3-1101
• Acquittal:
  1. Judgement that a criminal defendant has not been proved guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.
  2. A verdict of "not guilty."
   
• action: as used in this chapter includes counterclaims and cross-complaints and all other civil actions in which affirmative relief is sought. See Utah Code 78B-2-101
• Action: means a lawsuit or case that is commenced in a court. See Utah Code 78B-3a-101
• Action: means a judicial proceeding or arbitration in which a money payment may be awarded or enforced in respect of a foreign-money claim. See Utah Code 78B-5-402
• Actual address: means the residential street address of the program participant that is stated in a program participant's application for enrollment or on a notice of a change of address under Section 77-38-610. See Utah Code 77-38-601
• Actual weight: means the actual unladen weight of a vehicle or combination of vehicles as operated and certified to by a weighmaster. See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• Adjudicative proceeding: means :
       (2)(a) an action by a board, commission, department, officer, or other administrative unit of the state that determines the legal rights, duties, privileges, immunities, or other legal interests of one or more identifiable persons, including an action to grant, deny, revoke, suspend, modify, annul, withdraw, or amend an authority, right, or license; and
       (2)(b) judicial review of an action described in Subsection (2)(a). See Utah Code 68-3-12.5
• Administrator: includes "executor" when the subject matter justifies the use. See Utah Code 68-3-12.5
• Adoptee: means a person who:
       (1)(a) is the subject of an adoption proceeding; or
       (1)(b) has been legally adopted. See Utah Code 78B-6-103
• Adoption: means the judicial act that:
       (2)(a) creates the relationship of parent and child where it did not previously exist; and
       (2)(b) except as provided in Subsections 78B-6-138(2) and (4), terminates the parental rights of any other person with respect to the child. See Utah Code 78B-6-103
• Adoption document: means an adoption-related document filed with the office, a petition for adoption, a decree of adoption, an original birth certificate, or evidence submitted in support of a supplementary birth certificate. See Utah Code 78B-6-103
• Adoption proceeding: means any proceeding under this part. See Utah Code 78B-6-103
• Adoption service provider: means :
       (5)(a) a child-placing agency;
       (5)(b) a licensed counselor who has at least one year of experience providing professional social work services to:

            (5)(b)(i) adoptive parents;

            (5)(b)(ii) prospective adoptive parents; or

            (5)(b)(iii) birth parents; or
       (5)(c) the Office of Licensing within the Department of Health and Human Services. See Utah Code 78B-6-103
• Adoptive parent: means an individual who has legally adopted an adoptee. See Utah Code 78B-6-103
• ADR: means alternative dispute resolution and includes arbitration, mediation, and other means of dispute resolution, other than court trial, authorized by the Judicial Council under this part. See Utah Code 78B-6-202
• ADR organization: means an organization which provides training for ADR providers or offers other ADR services. See Utah Code 78B-6-202
• ADR provider: means a neutral person who conducts an ADR procedure. See Utah Code 78B-6-202
• Adult: means an individual who is 18 years old or older. See Utah Code 78B-6-103
• Adult adoptee: means an adoptee who is 18 years old or older and was adopted as a minor. See Utah Code 78B-6-103
• Adult high school student: means an individual who:
       (1)(a) is 18 years old and enrolled in high school at the time of the offense;
       (1)(b) is under 21 years old at the time of all court proceedings; and
       (1)(c) committed the offense on school property where the individual is enrolled:

            (1)(c)(i) when school was in session; or

            (1)(c)(ii) during a school-sponsored activity, as defined in Section 53G-8-211. See Utah Code 78A-7-101.1
• Adult sibling: means an adoptee's brother or sister, who is 18 years old or older and whose birth mother or father is the same as that of the adoptee. See Utah Code 78B-6-103
• Adverse event: means an injury or suspected injury that is associated with a health care process rather than an underlying condition of a patient or a disease. See Utah Code 78B-3-450
• Adverse mental health outcome: includes depression, anxiety, suicidal thoughts or behaviors, and self-harm thoughts or behaviors. See Utah Code 78B-3-1101
• Advice and consent: Under the Constitution, presidential nominations for executive and judicial posts take effect only when confirmed by the Senate, and international treaties become effective only when the Senate approves them by a two-thirds vote.
• Advocacy services: means assistance provided that supports, supplements, intervenes, or links a victim or a victim's family with appropriate resources and services to address the wide range of potential impacts of being victimized. See Utah Code 77-38-403
• Advocacy services provider: means an entity that has the primary focus of providing advocacy services in general or with specialization to a specific crime type or specific type of victimization. See Utah Code 77-38-403
• Affected party: means :
       (2)(a) a patient; and
       (2)(b) any representative of a patient. See Utah Code 78B-3-450
• Affidavit: A written statement of facts confirmed by the oath of the party making it, before a notary or officer having authority to administer oaths.
• Agency: means a state, county, or local government entity that generates or maintains records relating to an investigation, arrest, detention, or conviction for an offense for which expungement may be ordered. See Utah Code 77-40a-101
• Algorithmically curated social media service: means a social media service that drives user engagement primarily through the use of:
       (3)(a) a curation algorithm; and
       (3)(b) engagement driven design elements. See Utah Code 78B-3-1101
• Allegation: something that someone says happened.
• Alleged sexual offender: means the same as that term is defined in Section 53-10-801. See Utah Code 77-37-2
• Amendment: A proposal to alter the text of a pending bill or other measure by striking out some of it, by inserting new language, or both. Before an amendment becomes part of the measure, thelegislature must agree to it.
• Annuity: A periodic (usually annual) payment of a fixed sum of money for either the life of the recipient or for a fixed number of years. A series of payments under a contract from an insurance company, a trust company, or an individual. Annuity payments are made at regular intervals over a period of more than one full year.
• Answer: The formal written statement by a defendant responding to a civil complaint and setting forth the grounds for defense.
• Appeal: A request made after a trial, asking another court (usually the court of appeals) to decide whether the trial was conducted properly. To make such a request is "to appeal" or "to take an appeal." One who appeals is called the appellant.
• Appellate: About appeals; an appellate court has the power to review the judgement of another lower court or tribunal.
• Applicant: means a registered owner who submits an application to obtain or renew a sponsored special group license plate in accordance with this part. See Utah Code 41-1a-1601
• Appointing authority: means the presiding officer or similar official of any court, board, commission, authority, department, agency, legislative body, or of any proceeding of any nature where a qualified interpreter is required under this part. See Utah Code 78B-1-201
• Appropriation: The provision of funds, through an annual appropriations act or a permanent law, for federal agencies to make payments out of the Treasury for specified purposes. The formal federal spending process consists of two sequential steps: authorization
• Arbitration: means a private hearing before a neutral or panel of neutrals who hear the evidence, consider the contentions of the parties, and enter a written award to resolve the issues presented pursuant to Section 78B-6-206. See Utah Code 78B-6-202
• Armed forces: means the United States Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, Space Force, and Coast Guard. See Utah Code 68-3-12.5
• Arraignment: A proceeding in which an individual who is accused of committing a crime is brought into court, told of the charges, and asked to plead guilty or not guilty.
• Arrest: Taking physical custody of a person by lawful authority.
• Asbestos claim: means a claim, wherever or whenever made, for damages, losses, indemnification, contribution, or other relief arising out of, based on, or in any way related to asbestos, including:
       (1)(a) the health effects of exposure to asbestos, including a claim for:

            (1)(a)(i) personal injury or death;

            (1)(a)(ii) mental or emotional injury;

            (1)(a)(iii) risk of disease or other injury; or

            (1)(a)(iv) the costs of medical monitoring or surveillance;
       (1)(b) a claim made by or on behalf of a person exposed to asbestos, or a representative, spouse, parent, child, or other relative of the person; and
       (1)(c) a claim for damage or loss caused by the installation, presence, or removal of asbestos. See Utah Code 78B-4-602
• Assailant: means an individual who commits or threatens to commit abuse, human trafficking, domestic violence, stalking, or a sexual offense against an applicant for the program or a minor or incapacitated individual residing with an applicant for the program. See Utah Code 77-38-601
• Assets: (1) The property comprising the estate of a deceased person, or (2) the property in a trust account.
• Assigned address: means an address designated by the commission and assigned to a program participant. See Utah Code 77-38-601
• Attachment: A procedure by which a person's property is seized to pay judgments levied by the court.
• Attorney general: means the Utah attorney general or a deputy attorney general. See Utah Code 77-42-102
• Attorney guardian ad litem: means an attorney employed by the office. See Utah Code 78A-2-702
• Attorney guardian ad litem: means an attorney employed by the office. See Utah Code 78A-2-801
• Attorney-in-fact: A person who, acting as an agent, is given written authorization by another person to transact business for him (her) out of court.
• Audiologist: means a person licensed to practice audiology under Title 58, Chapter 41, Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology Licensing Act. See Utah Code 78B-3-403
• Authorization card: means a card issued by the commission that identifies a program participant as enrolled in the program with the program participant's assigned address and the date on which the program participant will no longer be enrolled in the program. See Utah Code 77-38-601
• Autocycle: means the same as that term is defined in Section 53-3-102. See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• Automated driving system: means the same as that term is defined in Section Utah Code 41-1a-102
• Automatic expungement: means the expungement of records of an investigation, arrest, detention, or conviction of an offense without the filing of a petition. See Utah Code 77-40a-101
• Bail: Security given for the release of a criminal defendant or witness from legal custody (usually in the form of money) to secure his/her appearance on the day and time appointed.
• Bank-offered spot rate: means the rate of exchange at which a bank will issue its draft in the foreign money or will cause credit to become available in the foreign money on a next-day basis. See Utah Code 78B-5-402
• Bankruptcy: Refers to statutes and judicial proceedings involving persons or businesses that cannot pay their debts and seek the assistance of the court in getting a fresh start. Under the protection of the bankruptcy court, debtors may discharge their debts, perhaps by paying a portion of each debt. Bankruptcy judges preside over these proceedings.
• Behavioral emergency services technician: means an individual who is licensed under Section 53-2d-402 as:
       (1)(a) a behavioral emergency services technician; or
       (1)(b) an advanced behavioral emergency services technician. See Utah Code 78B-5-902
• Beneficiary: A person who is entitled to receive the benefits or proceeds of a will, trust, insurance policy, retirement plan, annuity, or other contract. ^{Source: OCC}
• Birth mother: means the biological mother of a child. See Utah Code 78B-6-103
• Birth parent: means :
       (11)(a) a birth mother;
       (11)(b) a man whose paternity of a child is established;
       (11)(c) a man who:

            (11)(c)(i) has been identified as the father of a child by the child's birth mother; and

            (11)(c)(ii) has not denied paternity; or
       (11)(d) an unmarried biological father. See Utah Code 78B-6-103
• Board: means the Board of Pardons and Parole. See Utah Code 77-32b-102
• Body of water: includes any stream, river, lake, or reservoir, whether natural or man-made. See Utah Code 78A-7-101.1
• Branded title: means a title certificate that is labeled:
       (10)(a) rebuilt and restored to operation;
       (10)(b) flooded and restored to operation; or
       (10)(c) not restored to operation. See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• Breach of system security: means the same as that term is defined in Section 13-44-102. See Utah Code 78B-4-701
• Bureau: means the Bureau of Criminal Identification of the Department of Public Safety established in section 53-10-201. See Utah Code 77-41-102
• Bureau: means the Bureau of Criminal Identification of the Department of Public Safety established in Section 53-10-201. See Utah Code 77-42-102
• Bureau: means the Bureau of Criminal Identification of the Department of Public Safety established in Section 53-10-201. See Utah Code 77-40a-101
• Business organization: means :
       (2)(a) an association;
       (2)(b) a corporation;
       (2)(c) an institution, as that term is defined in Section 7-1-103;
       (2)(d) a joint stock company;
       (2)(e) a joint venture;
       (2)(f) a limited liability company;
       (2)(g) a mutual fund trust;
       (2)(h) a partnership; or
       (2)(i) any other similar form of organization described in Subsections (2)(a) through (h). See Utah Code 78B-3a-101
• Camper: means a structure designed, used, and maintained primarily to be mounted on or affixed to a motor vehicle that contains a floor and is designed to provide a mobile dwelling, sleeping place, commercial space, or facilities for human habitation or for camping. See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• carries on a vocation: includes employment that is full time or part time, whether financially compensated, volunteered, or for the purpose of government or educational benefit. See Utah Code 77-41-102
• Case law: The law as laid down in cases that have been decided in the decisions of the courts.
• Cause of action: means the act or omission giving rise to the action. See Utah Code 78B-3a-101
• Certificate of eligibility: means a document issued by the Bureau of Criminal Identification showing that the offender has met the requirements of Section 77-41-112. See Utah Code 77-41-102
• Certificate of eligibility: means a document issued by the Bureau of Criminal Identification stating that the offender has met the requirements of Section 77-42-108. See Utah Code 77-42-102
• Certificate of eligibility: means a document issued by the bureau stating that the criminal record and all records of arrest, investigation, and detention associated with a case that is the subject of a petition for expungement is eligible for expungement. See Utah Code 77-40a-101
• Certificate of title: means a document issued by a jurisdiction to establish a record of ownership between an identified owner and the described vehicle, vessel, or outboard motor. See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• Certified court reporter: means a state certified court reporter as described in Title 58, Chapter 74, State Certification of Court Reporters Act. See Utah Code 78A-2-402
• Certified social worker: means a person licensed to practice as a certified social worker under Section 58-60-205. See Utah Code 78B-3-403
• Certifying entity: means any of the following:
       (1)(a) a law enforcement agency, as defined in Section 77-7a-103;
       (1)(b) a prosecutor, as defined in Section Utah Code 77-38-502
• Certifying official: means :
       (2)(a) the head of the certifying entity;
       (2)(b) a person in a supervisory role who has been specifically designated by the head of the certifying entity to issue Form I-918 Supplement B certifications on behalf of that agency;
       (2)(c) a judge; or
       (2)(d) any other certifying official defined under Utah Code 77-38-502
• Chambers: A judge's office.
• Charitable purpose: means :
            (2)(a)(i) relief of the poor, the distressed, or the underprivileged;
            (2)(a)(ii) advancement of religion;
            (2)(a)(iii) advancement of education or science;
            (2)(a)(iv) erecting or maintaining a public building, monument, or work;
            (2)(a)(v) reducing the burdens of government;
            (2)(a)(vi) reducing neighborhood tensions;
            (2)(a)(vii) eliminating prejudice and discrimination;
            (2)(a)(viii) defending human rights and civil rights secured by law; or
            (2)(a)(ix) combating community deterioration and juvenile delinquency. See Utah Code 41-1a-1601
• Child: means a person who is younger than 18 years old, unless otherwise specified in statute. See Utah Code 77-37-2
• Child abuse offender: means an individual:
       (1)(a) who has been convicted in this state of a violation of:

            (1)(a)(i) aggravated child abuse under Subsection Utah Code 77-41-102
• Child-placing agency: means an agency licensed to place children for adoption under Title 26B, Chapter 2, Part 1, Human Services Programs and Facilities. See Utah Code 78B-6-103
• Chiropractic physician: means a person licensed to practice chiropractic under Title 58, Chapter 73, Chiropractic Physician Practice Act. See Utah Code 78B-3-403
• City: includes , depending on population, a metro township as defined in Section 10-3c-102. See Utah Code 68-3-12.5
• Civil accounts receivable: means any amount of the criminal accounts receivable that is owed by the defendant that has not been paid on or before the day on which:
            (2)(a)(i) the defendant's sentence is terminated; or
            (2)(a)(ii) the court enters an order for a civil accounts receivable under Subsection 77-18-114(1) or (2). See Utah Code 77-32b-102
• Civil accounts receivable: means the same as that term is defined in Section 77-32b-102. See Utah Code 77-38b-102
• Civil accounts receivable: means the same as that term is defined in Section 77-32b-102. See Utah Code 77-40a-101
• Civil accounts receivable: means the same as that term is defined in Section 77-32b-102. See Utah Code 78B-5-502
• Civil action: means an action in which a party seeks monetary or equitable relief at common law or pursuant to statute. See Utah Code 78B-6-202
• Civil judgment of restitution: means any amount of the criminal accounts receivable that is owed by the defendant for restitution that has not been paid on or before the day on which the defendant's sentence is terminated. See Utah Code 77-32b-102
• Civil judgment of restitution: means the same as that term is defined in Section 77-32b-102. See Utah Code 77-38b-102
• Civil judgment of restitution: means the same as that term is defined in Section 77-32b-102. See Utah Code 78B-5-502
• Claim: means any assertion by or on behalf of a natural person, as well as any derivative claim arising from it, and asserted by or on behalf of any other person. See Utah Code 78B-4-302
• Clean slate eligible case: includes a case:
            (7)(b)(i) that is dismissed as a result of a successful completion of a plea in abeyance agreement governed by Subsection 77-2a-3(2)(b) if:

                 (7)(b)(i)(A) except as provided in Subsection (7)(c), each charge within the case is a misdemeanor for possession of a controlled substance in violation of Subsection 58-37-8(2)(a)(i), a class B or class C misdemeanor, or an infraction;

                 (7)(b)(i)(B) the individual involved meets the requirements of Subsection (7)(a)(ii); and

                 (7)(b)(i)(C) the time periods described in Subsections (7)(a)(iii)(A) through (C) have elapsed from the day on which the case is dismissed; or
            (7)(b)(ii) where charges are dismissed without prejudice if each conviction, or charge that was dismissed, in the case would otherwise meet the requirements under Subsection (7)(a) or (b)(i). See Utah Code 77-40a-101
• Clerk of court: An officer appointed by the court to work with the chief judge in overseeing the court's administration, especially to assist in managing the flow of cases through the court and to maintain court records.
• clerk of the court: means the person so designated by title and includes any deputy clerk. See Utah Code 78B-1-102
• Clinical social worker: means a person licensed to practice as a clinical social worker under Section 58-60-205. See Utah Code 78B-3-403
• Cohabitant: means the same as that term is defined in Section 78B-7-102. See Utah Code 77-36-1
• Cohabiting: means residing with another person and being involved in a sexual relationship with that person. See Utah Code 78B-6-103
• Collegiate special group license plate: means a sponsored special group license plate issued to a contributor to an institution. See Utah Code 41-1a-1601
• Commercial entity: includes corporations, limited liability companies, partnerships, limited partnerships, sole proprietorships, or other legally recognized entities. See Utah Code 78B-3-1001
• Commercial vehicle: means a motor vehicle, trailer, or semitrailer used or maintained for the transportation of persons or property that operates:
       (14)(a) as a carrier for hire, compensation, or profit; or
       (14)(b) as a carrier to transport the vehicle owner's goods or property in furtherance of the owner's commercial enterprise. See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• Commission: means the Judicial Conduct Commission established by Utah Constitution Article VIII, § 13, and this chapter. See Utah Code 78A-11-102
• Commission: means the State Tax Commission. See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• Commission: means the Judicial Performance Evaluation Commission established by this chapter. See Utah Code 78A-12-102
• Commission: means the State Commission on Criminal and Juvenile Justice created in Section 63M-7-201. See Utah Code 77-38-502
• Commission: means the State Commission on Criminal and Juvenile Justice created in Section 63M-7-201. See Utah Code 77-38-601
• Commission: means a judicial nominating commission created under Section 78A-10a-302, 78A-10a-402, or 78A-10a-502. See Utah Code 78A-10a-101
• Commission: means the Appellate Court Nominating Commission created under Section 78A-10a-302. See Utah Code 78A-10a-301
• Commission: means a district and juvenile court nominating commission created under Section 78A-10a-402. See Utah Code 78A-10a-401
• Commission: means the Business and Chancery Court Nominating Commission created in Section 78A-10a-502. See Utah Code 78A-10a-501
• Commissioner: means an individual appointed by the governor to serve on a judicial nominating commission created under Section 78A-10a-302, 78A-10a-402, or 78A-10a-502. See Utah Code 78A-10a-101
• Commissioner: means an individual appointed by the governor to serve on the Appellate Court Nominating Commission created under Section 78A-10a-302. See Utah Code 78A-10a-301
• Commissioner: means an individual appointed by the governor to serve on a district and juvenile court nominating commission created under Section 78A-10a-402. See Utah Code 78A-10a-401
• Commissioner: means an individual appointed by the governor to serve on the Business and Chancery Court Nominating Commission. See Utah Code 78A-10a-501
• Commissioner: means the commissioner of insurance as provided in Section 31A-2-102. See Utah Code 78B-3-403
• Common law: The legal system that originated in England and is now in use in the United States. It is based on judicial decisions rather than legislative action.
• Communication: means any written or oral communication created for or during a medical candor process. See Utah Code 78B-3-450
• Communication: means an oral statement, written statement, note, record, report, or document made during, or arising out of, a meeting between a law enforcement officer, firefighter, emergency medical service provider, or rescue provider and a peer support team member. See Utah Code 78B-5-902
• Complaint: A written statement by the plaintiff stating the wrongs allegedly committed by the defendant.
• Complaint: includes :
            (2)(a)(i) a written complaint against a judge; or
            (2)(a)(ii) an allegation based on reliable information received in any form, from any source, that alleges, or from which a reasonable inference can be drawn that a judge is in violation of any provision of Utah Constitution Article VIII, § 13. See Utah Code 78A-11-102
• Conference: means the annual statewide judicial conference established by Section 78A-2-111. See Utah Code 78A-2-103
• Confidential communication: means information given to a sexual assault counselor by a victim and includes reports or working papers made in the course of the counseling relationship. See Utah Code 77-38-203
• Confidential communication: means a communication that is intended to be confidential between a victim and a victim advocate for the purpose of obtaining advocacy services. See Utah Code 77-38-403
• Consumer price index: means the same as that term is defined in Section 59-13-102. See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• Content: means the same as that term is defined in Section 13-71-101. See Utah Code 78B-3-1101
• Continuance: Putting off of a hearing ot trial until a later time.
• Contract: A legal written agreement that becomes binding when signed.
• Contributor: means an applicant who contributes the required contribution to a sponsoring organization for a sponsored special group license plate. See Utah Code 41-1a-1601
• Conversion date: means the banking day next before the date on which money is, in accordance with this part:
       (2)(a) paid to a judgment creditor;
       (2)(b) paid to the designated official enforcing a judgment on behalf of the judgment creditor; or
       (2)(c) used to effect a recoupment or set-off of claims in different money in an action. See Utah Code 78B-5-402
• Convicted: includes , unless otherwise specified, the period a plea is held in abeyance pursuant to a plea in abeyance agreement as defined in Section 77-2a-1. See Utah Code 77-41-102
• Convicted person: means a person who has been convicted of a crime. See Utah Code 77-38-302
• Conviction: A judgement of guilt against a criminal defendant.
• Conviction: means the same as that term is defined in Section 76-3-201. See Utah Code 77-42-102
• Conviction: means :
            (3)(a)(i) a plea of:

                 (3)(a)(i)(A) guilty;

                 (3)(a)(i)(B) guilty with a mental condition; or

                 (3)(a)(i)(C) no contest; or
            (3)(a)(ii) a judgment of:

                 (3)(a)(ii)(A) guilty; or

                 (3)(a)(ii)(B) guilty with a mental condition. See Utah Code 77-38b-102
• Conviction: means judgment by a criminal court on a verdict or finding of guilty after trial, a plea of guilty, or a plea of nolo contendere. See Utah Code 77-40a-101
• Corporation: A legal entity owned by the holders of shares of stock that have been issued, and that can own, receive, and transfer property, and carry on business in its own name.
• Corporation: means a corporation for profit, including a domestic corporation organized under the laws of this state or a foreign corporation organized under laws other than this state. See Utah Code 78B-4-602
• Council: means the Judicial Council. See Utah Code 78A-2-103
• Counterclaim: A claim that a defendant makes against a plaintiff.
• County executive: means :
       (7)(a) the county commission, in the county commission or expanded county commission form of government established under Title 17, Chapter 52a, Changing Forms of County Government;
       (7)(b) the county executive, in the county executive-council optional form of government authorized by Section 17-52a-203; or
       (7)(c) the county manager, in the council-manager optional form of government authorized by Section 17-52a-204. See Utah Code 68-3-12.5
• County legislative body: means :
       (8)(a) the county commission, in the county commission or expanded county commission form of government established under Title 17, Chapter 52a, Changing Forms of County Government;
       (8)(b) the county council, in the county executive-council optional form of government authorized by Section 17-52a-203; and
       (8)(c) the county council, in the council-manager optional form of government authorized by Section 17-52a-204. See Utah Code 68-3-12.5
• Court: means a district court or a justice court. See Utah Code 77-40a-101
• Court: means trial court. See Utah Code 78B-1-102
• Court reporter: A person who makes a word-for-word record of what is said in court and produces a transcript of the proceedings upon request.
• Court system: means the State District Court Administrative System. See Utah Code 78A-5-101
• Criminal accounts receivable: includes any unpaid:
            (4)(b)(i) fee, including the monthly supervision fee described in Subsection 64-13-21(6);
            (4)(b)(ii) forfeiture;
            (4)(b)(iii) surcharge;
            (4)(b)(iv) cost;
            (4)(b)(v) interest;
            (4)(b)(vi) penalty;
            (4)(b)(vii) restitution;
            (4)(b)(viii) third party claim;
            (4)(b)(ix) reimbursement of a reward; and
            (4)(b)(x) damages. See Utah Code 77-32b-102
• Criminal accounts receivable: means the same as that term is defined in Section 77-32b-102. See Utah Code 77-38b-102
• Criminal accounts receivable: means the same as that term is defined in Section 77-32b-102. See Utah Code 77-40a-101
• Criminal conduct: means :
       (5)(a) any misdemeanor or felony offense of which the defendant is convicted; or
       (5)(b) any other criminal behavior for which the defendant admits responsibility to the court with or without an admission of committing the criminal behavior. See Utah Code 77-38b-102
• Criminal justice system victim advocate: means an individual who:
       (4)(a) is employed or authorized to volunteer by a government agency that possesses a role or responsibility within the criminal justice system;
       (4)(b) has as a primary responsibility addressing the mental, physical, or emotional recovery of victims;
       (4)(c) completes a minimum 40 hours of trauma-informed training:

            (4)(c)(i) in crisis response, the effects of crime and trauma on victims, victim advocacy services and ethics, informed consent, and this part regarding privileged confidential communication; and

            (4)(c)(ii) that have been approved or provided by the Utah Office for Victims of Crime; and
       (4)(d) is under the supervision of the director or director's designee of the government agency. See Utah Code 77-38-403
• Criminal protective order: means the same as that term is defined in Section 78B-7-102. See Utah Code 77-40a-101
• Curation algorithm: means a computational process or set of rules used by a social media platform that determines, influences, or personalizes, designed to encourage prolonged or frequent engagement:
            (5)(a)(i) the content a user views;
            (5)(a)(ii) the order in which content is displayed;
            (5)(a)(iii) how prominently content is displayed; or
            (5)(a)(iv) the manner in which content is displayed. See Utah Code 78B-3-1101
• Damage or injury: includes physical, nonphysical, economic, and noneconomic damage. See Utah Code 78B-4-101
• Damages: Money paid by defendants to successful plaintiffs in civil cases to compensate the plaintiffs for their injuries.
• deaf or hard of hearing parent: means a deaf or hard of hearing person who, because of sensory or environmental conditions, requires the assistance of a qualified interpreter or other special assistance for communicative purposes. See Utah Code 78B-1-201
• Dealer: means a person engaged or licensed to engage in the business of buying, selling, or exchanging new or used vehicles, vessels, or outboard motors either outright or on conditional sale, bailment, lease, chattel mortgage, or otherwise or who has an established place of business for the sale, lease, trade, or display of vehicles, vessels, or outboard motors. See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• Debt: means a legally enforceable monetary obligation or liability of an individual, whether arising out of contract, tort, or otherwise. See Utah Code 78B-5-502
• Deceased victim: means an individual whose death is proximately caused by the criminal conduct of the defendant. See Utah Code 77-38b-102
• Decedent: A deceased person.
• Deed: The legal instrument used to transfer title in real property from one person to another.
• Default: means a civil accounts receivable, a civil judgment of restitution, or a criminal accounts receivable that is overdue by at least 90 days. See Utah Code 77-32b-102
• Defendant: In a civil suit, the person complained against; in a criminal case, the person accused of the crime.
• Defendant: means an individual who has been convicted of, or entered into a plea disposition for, criminal conduct. See Utah Code 77-38b-102
• Defendant: means a veteran charged with a criminal offense. See Utah Code 78A-5-302
• Defense attorney: Represent defendants in criminal matters.
• Delinquent: means a civil accounts receivable, a civil judgment of restitution, or a criminal account receivable that is overdue by more than 28 days but less than 90 days. See Utah Code 77-32b-102
• Dental care provider: means any person, partnership, association, corporation, or other facility or institution who causes to be rendered or who renders dental care or professional services as a dentist, dental hygienist, or other person rendering similar care and services relating to or arising out of the practice of dentistry or the practice of dental hygiene, and the officers, employees, or agents of any of the above acting in the course and scope of their employment. See Utah Code 78B-3-403
• Dental hygienist: means a person licensed to engage in the practice of dental hygiene as defined in Section 58-69-102. See Utah Code 78B-3-403
• Dentist: means a person licensed to engage in the practice of dentistry as defined in Section 58-69-102. See Utah Code 78B-3-403
• Department: means the Department of Public Safety. See Utah Code 77-36-1
• Department: means the Department of Public Safety. See Utah Code 77-41-102
• Department: means the Department of Corrections. See Utah Code 77-38b-102
• Department: means the Department of Public Safety established in Section 53-1-103. See Utah Code 77-40a-101
• Dependent: A person dependent for support upon another.
• Dependent: includes :
            (9)(b)(i) a child:

                 (9)(b)(i)(A) who is younger than 18 years old; and

                 (9)(b)(i)(B) for whom a deceased victim, or a permanently impaired victim, is the adoptive or biological parent or legal guardian;
            (9)(b)(ii) an unborn child who has a parent-child relationship with a deceased victim, or a permanently impaired victim, in accordance with Title 78B, Chapter 15, Utah Uniform Parentage Act; or
            (9)(b)(iii) an incapacitated individual for whom a deceased victim, or a permanently impaired victim, is the adoptive or biological parent or the legal guardian. See Utah Code 77-38b-102
• Dependent: means the spouse of an individual, and the grandchild or the natural or adoptive child of an individual who derives support primarily from that individual. See Utah Code 78B-5-502
• Dependent support: means the financial obligation of an individual to provide for the routine needs of a dependent, including food, clothing, health care, safety, or shelter. See Utah Code 77-38b-102
• Depose: means to make a written statement made under oath or affirmation. See Utah Code 68-3-12.5
• Deposition: An oral statement made before an officer authorized by law to administer oaths. Such statements are often taken to examine potential witnesses, to obtain discovery, or to be used later in trial.
• Devise: To gift property by will.
• Diesel fuel: means the same as that term is defined in Section 59-13-102. See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• Director: means the director of the office. See Utah Code 78A-2-702
• Director: means the director of the office. See Utah Code 78A-2-801
• Discovery: Lawyers' examination, before trial, of facts and documents in possession of the opponents to help the lawyers prepare for trial.
• Dismissal: The dropping of a case by the judge without further consideration or hearing. ^Source:
• Distribute: means to issue, sell, give, provide, deliver, transfer, transmute, circulate, or disseminate by any means. See Utah Code 78B-3-1001
• Distribution proceeding: means a judicial or nonjudicial proceeding for an accounting, an assignment for the benefit of creditors, a foreclosure, for the liquidation or rehabilitation of a corporation or other entity, for the distribution of an estate, trust, or other fund in or against which a foreign-money claim is asserted. See Utah Code 78B-5-402
• Diversion agreement: means an agreement entered into by the prosecuting attorney and the defendant that suspends criminal proceedings before conviction on the condition that a defendant agree to participate in a rehabilitation program, pay restitution to the victim, or fulfill some other condition. See Utah Code 77-38b-102
• Division: means the Division of Juvenile Justice and Youth Services. See Utah Code 77-41-102
• Division: means the Motor Vehicle Division of the commission, created in Section 41-1a-106. See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• Division: means the Division of Child and Family Services created in Section 80-2-201. See Utah Code 78A-2-801
• Division: means the Division of Professional Licensing created in Section 58-1-103. See Utah Code 78B-3-403
• Division: means the Division of Child and Family Services, within the Department of Health and Human Services, created in Section 80-2-201. See Utah Code 78B-6-103
• Divorced: means an individual who has obtained a divorce under Title 30, Chapter 3, Divorce. See Utah Code 77-36-1
• Docket: A log containing brief entries of court proceedings.
• Does not meet or exceed minimum performance standards: means that:
       (2)(a)

            (2)(a)(i) a judge does not meet the certification standards under Section 78A-12-205; and

            (2)(a)(ii) the presumption, described in Subsection 78A-12-203(4)(b)(ii), that the judge does not meet or exceed minimum performance standards is not overcome by substantial countervailing evidence; or
       (2)(b) a judge meets the certification standards under Section 78A-12-205, but the presumption, described in Subsection 78A-12-203(4)(b)(i), that the judge meets or exceeds minimum performance standards is overcome by substantial countervailing evidence. See Utah Code 78A-12-102
• Domestic violence: means the same as that term is defined in Section 77-36-1. See Utah Code 77-38-601
• Domestic violence: means the same as that term is defined in Section 77-36-1. See Utah Code 78A-5-302
• domestic violence offense: includes the commission of or attempt to commit, any of the following offenses by one cohabitant against another:
            (4)(b)(i) aggravated assault under Section 76-5-103;
            (4)(b)(ii) aggravated cruelty to an animal under Subsection 76-9-301(4), with the intent to harass or threaten the other cohabitant;
            (4)(b)(iii) assault under Section 76-5-102;
            (4)(b)(iv) criminal homicide under Section 76-5-201;
            (4)(b)(v) harassment under Section 76-5-106;
            (4)(b)(vi) electronic communication harassment under Section 76-9-201;
            (4)(b)(vii) kidnapping, child kidnapping, or aggravated kidnapping under Sections 76-5-301, Utah Code 77-36-1
• Donor: The person who makes a gift.
• Drug possession offense: means an offense under:
       (14)(a) Subsection 58-37-8(2), except:

            (14)(a)(i) any offense under Subsection 58-37-8(2)(b)(i), possession of 100 pounds or more of marijuana;

            (14)(a)(ii) any offense enhanced under Subsection 58-37-8(2)(e), violation in a correctional facility; or

            (14)(a)(iii) driving with a controlled substance illegally in the person's body and negligently causing serious bodily injury or death of another, as codified before May 4, 2022, Laws of Utah 2021, Chapter 236, Section 1, Subsection 58-37-8(2)(g);
       (14)(b) Subsection 58-37a-5(1), use or possession of drug paraphernalia;
       (14)(c) Section 58-37b-6, possession or use of an imitation controlled substance; or
       (14)(d) any local ordinance which is substantially similar to any of the offenses described in this Subsection (14). See Utah Code 77-40a-101
• Dynamic driving task: means the same as that term is defined in Section Utah Code 41-1a-102
• Electric motor vehicle: means a motor vehicle that is powered solely by an electric motor drawing current from a rechargeable energy storage system. See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• Embezzlement: In most states, embezzlement is defined as theft/larceny of assets (money or property) by a person in a position of trust or responsibility over those assets. Embezzlement typically occurs in the employment and corporate settings. ^{Source: OCC}
• Emergency medical service provider or rescue unit peer support team member: means an individual who is:
       (3)(a) an emergency medical service provider as defined in Section 53-2d-101, a regular or volunteer member of a rescue unit acting as an emergency responder as defined in Section 53-2a-502, or another individual who has been trained in peer support skills; and
       (3)(b) designated by the chief executive of an emergency medical service agency or the chief of a rescue unit as a member of an emergency medical service provider's peer support team or as a member of a rescue unit's peer support team. See Utah Code 78B-5-902
• En banc: In the bench or "full bench." Refers to court sessions with the entire membership of a court participating rather than the usual quorum. U.S. courts of appeals usually sit in panels of three judges, but may expand to a larger number in certain cases. They are then said to be sitting en banc.
• Engagement driven design elements: means :
       (6)(a) autoplay features that continuously play content without requiring user interaction;
       (6)(b) scroll or pagination that loads additional content as long as the user continues scrolling; or
       (6)(c) push notifications. See Utah Code 78B-3-1101
• Entitlement: A Federal program or provision of law that requires payments to any person or unit of government that meets the eligibility criteria established by law. Entitlements constitute a binding obligation on the part of the Federal Government, and eligible recipients have legal recourse if the obligation is not fulfilled. Social Security and veterans' compensation and pensions are examples of entitlement programs.
• Equal: means , with respect to biological sex, of the same value. See Utah Code 68-3-12.5
• Equine: means any member of the equidae family. See Utah Code 78B-4-201
• Equine activity: means :
       (2)(a) equine shows, fairs, competitions, performances, racing, sales, or parades that involve any breeds of equines and any equine disciplines, including dressage, hunter and jumper horse shows, grand prix jumping, multiple-day events, combined training, rodeos, driving, pulling, cutting, polo, steeple chasing, hunting, endurance trail riding, and western games;
       (2)(b) boarding or training equines;
       (2)(c) teaching persons equestrian skills;
       (2)(d) riding, inspecting, or evaluating an equine owned by another person regardless of whether the owner receives monetary or other valuable consideration;
       (2)(e) riding, inspecting, or evaluating an equine by a prospective purchaser; or
       (2)(f) other equine activities of any type including rides, trips, hunts, or informal or spontaneous activities sponsored by an equine activity sponsor. See Utah Code 78B-4-201
• Equine activity sponsor: means an individual, group, governmental entity, club, partnership, or corporation, whether operating for profit or as a nonprofit entity, which sponsors, organizes, or provides facilities for an equine activity, including:
       (3)(a) pony clubs, hunt clubs, riding clubs, 4-H programs, therapeutic riding programs, and public and private schools and postsecondary educational institutions that sponsor equine activities; and
       (3)(b) operators, instructors, and promoters of equine facilities, stables, clubhouses, ponyride strings, fairs, and arenas. See Utah Code 78B-4-201
• Equine professional: means a person compensated for an equine activity by:
       (4)(a) instructing a participant;
       (4)(b) renting to a participant an equine to ride, drive, or be a passenger upon the equine; or
       (4)(c) renting equine equipment or tack to a participant. See Utah Code 78B-4-201
• Equitable: Pertaining to civil suits in "equity" rather than in "law." In English legal history, the courts of "law" could order the payment of damages and could afford no other remedy. See damages. A separate court of "equity" could order someone to do something or to cease to do something. See, e.g., injunction. In American jurisprudence, the federal courts have both legal and equitable power, but the distinction is still an important one. For example, a trial by jury is normally available in "law" cases but not in "equity" cases. ^{Source: U.S. Courts}
• Essential parts: means the integral and body parts of a vehicle of a type required to be registered in this state, the removal, alteration, or substitution of which would tend to conceal the identity of the vehicle or substantially alter the vehicle's appearance, model, type, or mode of operation. See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• Event data: means records of one or more of the following categories of information regarding a motor vehicle that are captured by an event data recorder:
            (1)(a)(i) whether the vehicle's air bag deployed;
            (1)(a)(ii) vehicle speed;
            (1)(a)(iii) vehicle steering performance;
            (1)(a)(iv) vehicle brake performance or use; or
            (1)(a)(v) vehicle seatbelt status or use. See Utah Code 41-1a-1502
• Evidence: Information presented in testimony or in documents that is used to persuade the fact finder (judge or jury) to decide the case for one side or the other.
• Ex officio: Literally, by virtue of one's office.
• Excessive use: means the use of a social media service by a minor to an extent that the use substantially interferes with the minor's normal functioning in:
       (7)(a) academic performance;
       (7)(b) sleep;
       (7)(c) in-person relationships;
       (7)(d) mental health; or
       (7)(e) physical health. See Utah Code 78B-3-1101
• Exempt: means protected, and "exemption" means protection from subjection to a judicial process to collect an unsecured debt. See Utah Code 78B-5-502
• Existing special group license plate: means a special group license plate that the division issues before January 1, 2024. See Utah Code 41-1a-1601
• Expunge: means to seal or otherwise restrict access to the individual's record held by an agency when the record includes a criminal investigation, detention, arrest, or conviction. See Utah Code 77-40a-101
• Extra-jurisdictional child-placing agency: means an agency licensed to place children for adoption by a district, territory, or state of the United States, other than Utah. See Utah Code 78B-6-103
• Extradition: The formal process of delivering an accused or convicted person from authorities in one state to authorities in another state.
• facilities: includes any structure, building, system, land, water right, water, or other real or personal property required to provide a service that a special service district is authorized to provide, including any related or appurtenant easement or right-of-way, improvement, utility, landscaping, sidewalk, road, curb, gutter, equipment, or furnishing. See Utah Code 17D-1-102
• Fair market value: The price at which an asset would change hands in a transaction between a willing, informed buyer and a willing, informed seller.
• Farm truck: means a truck used by the owner or operator of a farm solely for the owner's or operator's own use in the transportation of:
            (24)(a)(i) farm products, including livestock and its products, poultry and its products, floricultural and horticultural products;
            (24)(a)(ii) farm supplies, including tile, fence, and any other thing or commodity used in agricultural, floricultural, horticultural, livestock, and poultry production; and
            (24)(a)(iii) livestock, poultry, and other animals and things used for breeding, feeding, or other purposes connected with the operation of a farm. See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• Father: means a parent who is of the male sex. See Utah Code 68-3-12.5
• Federal Reserve System: The central bank of the United States. The Fed, as it is commonly called, regulates the U.S. monetary and financial system. The Federal Reserve System is composed of a central governmental agency in Washington, D.C. (the Board of Governors) and twelve regional Federal Reserve Banks in major cities throughout the United States. ^{Source: OCC}
• Female: means the characteristic of an individual whose biological reproductive system is of the general type that functions in a way that could produce ova. See Utah Code 68-3-12.5
• Fiduciary: A trustee, executor, or administrator.
• fifth wheel trailer: means a portable vehicle without motive power, designed as a temporary dwelling for travel, recreational, or vacation use that does not require a special highway movement permit when drawn by a self-propelled motor vehicle. See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• Financially secure source of recovery: means that, at the time of the incident, a nonprofit organization:
       (2)(a) has an insurance policy in effect that covers the activities of the volunteer and has an insurance limit of not less than the limits established under the Governmental Immunity Act of Utah in Section 63G-7-604; or
       (2)(b) has established a qualified trust with a value not less than the combined limits for property damage and single occurrence liability established under the Governmental Immunity Act of Utah in Section 63G-7-604. See Utah Code 78B-4-101
• Fiscal year: The fiscal year is the accounting period for the government. For the federal government, this begins on October 1 and ends on September 30. The fiscal year is designated by the calendar year in which it ends; for example, fiscal year 2006 begins on October 1, 2005 and ends on September 30, 2006.
• Fixed Rate: Having a "fixed" rate means that the APR doesn't change based on fluctuations of some external rate (such as the "Prime Rate"). In other words, a fixed rate is a rate that is not a variable rate. A fixed APR can change over time, in several circumstances:
  • You are late making a payment or commit some other default, triggering an increase to a penalty rate
  • The bank changes the terms of your account and you do not reject the change.
  • The rate expires (if the rate was fixed for only a certain period of time).
• Fleet: means one or more commercial vehicles. See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• Foreclosure: A legal process in which property that is collateral or security for a loan may be sold to help repay the loan when the loan is in default. ^{Source: OCC}
• Foreign country: means a government other than:
       (1)(a) the United States;
       (1)(b) a state, district, commonwealth, territory, or insular possession of the United States; or
       (1)(c) any other government with regard to which the decision in this state as to whether to recognize a judgment of that government's courts is initially subject to determination under the Full Faith and Credit Clause of the United States Constitution. See Utah Code 78B-5-451
• foreign judgment: means any judgment, decree, or order of a court of the United States or of any other court whose acts are entitled to full faith and credit in this state. See Utah Code 78B-5-302
• Foreign money: means money other than money of the United States of America. See Utah Code 78B-5-402
• Foreign vehicle: means a vehicle of a type required to be registered, brought into this state from another state, territory, or country other than in the ordinary course of business by or through a manufacturer or dealer, and not registered in this state. See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• Foreign-country judgment: means a judgment of a court of a foreign country. See Utah Code 78B-5-451
• Foreign-money claim: means a claim upon an obligation to pay, or a claim for recovery of a loss, expressed in or measured by a foreign money. See Utah Code 78B-5-402
• Fraud: Intentional deception resulting in injury to another.
• Fund: means the Crime Victim Reparations Fund created in Section 63M-7-526. See Utah Code 77-38-302
• Future damages: includes a judgment creditor's damages for future medical treatment, care or custody, loss of future earnings, loss of bodily function, or future pain and suffering. See Utah Code 78B-3-403
• Garnishment: Generally, garnishment is a court proceeding in which a creditor asks a court to order a third party who owes money to the debtor or otherwise holds assets belonging to the debtor to turn over to the creditor any of the debtor
• Genetic and social history: means a comprehensive report, when obtainable, that contains the following information on an adoptee's birth parents, aunts, uncles, and grandparents:
       (16)(a) medical history;
       (16)(b) health status;
       (16)(c) cause of and age at death;
       (16)(d) height, weight, and eye and hair color;
       (16)(e) ethnic origins;
       (16)(f) where appropriate, levels of education and professional achievement; and
       (16)(g) religion, if any. See Utah Code 78B-6-103
• Gift: A voluntary transfer or conveyance of property without consideration, or for less than full and adequate consideration based on fair market value.
• Governing body: means :
       (5)(a) the legislative body of the county or municipality that creates the special service district, to the extent that the county or municipal legislative body has not delegated authority to an administrative control board created under Section 17D-1-301; or
       (5)(b) the administrative control board of the special service district, to the extent that the county or municipal legislative body has delegated authority to an administrative control board created under Section 17D-1-301. See Utah Code 17D-1-102
• Grand jury: agreement providing that a lender will delay exercising its rights (in the case of a mortgage,
• Grantor: The person who establishes a trust and places property into it.
• Gross laden weight: means the actual weight of a vehicle or combination of vehicles, equipped for operation, to which shall be added the maximum load to be carried. See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• Guaranteed bonds: means bonds:
       (6)(a) issued by a special service district; and
       (6)(b) the debt service of which is guaranteed by one or more taxpayers owning property within the special service district. See Utah Code 17D-1-102
• Guardian: A person legally empowered and charged with the duty of taking care of and managing the property of another person who because of age, intellect, or health, is incapable of managing his (her) own affairs.
• Guardian: includes a person who:
       (14)(a) qualifies as a guardian of a minor or incapacitated person pursuant to testamentary or court appointment; or
       (14)(b) is appointed by a court to manage the estate of a minor or incapacitated person. See Utah Code 68-3-12.5
• Guardian ad litem: means an attorney guardian ad litem or a private attorney guardian ad litem. See Utah Code 78A-2-702
• Guardian ad litem: means an attorney guardian ad litem or a private attorney guardian ad litem. See Utah Code 78A-2-801
• Habeas corpus: A writ that is usually used to bring a prisoner before the court to determine the legality of his imprisonment. It may also be used to bring a person in custody before the court to give testimony, or to be prosecuted.
• Harm: means :
       (1)(a) personal injury, death, or illness, except an injury, death, or illness that is a basis for a claim under either a state or federal workmen's compensation act by an employee of a person liable pursuant to Section 78B-3-603;
       (1)(b) damage to, destruction of, or loss of the use of property other than property at the situs of and used in connection with the activity giving rise to a nuclear incident;
       (1)(c) economic loss due to:

            (1)(c)(i) damage to or loss of the use of property; or

            (1)(c)(ii) environmental degradation; or
       (1)(d) expenses reasonably incurred by the state, its political subdivisions, or the agencies of either in protecting the public health and safety and the environment from a nuclear incident or the imminent danger of a nuclear incident, including, but not limited to, precautionary evacuations, emergency response measures, and, after reasonable opportunity for performance of cleanup measures by persons liable pursuant to Section 78B-3-603, decontamination or other clean-up measures. See Utah Code 78B-3-602
• Health care: means any act or treatment performed or furnished, or which should have been performed or furnished, by any health care provider for, to, or on behalf of a patient during the patient's medical care, treatment, or confinement. See Utah Code 78B-3-403
• Health care facility: means general acute hospitals, specialty hospitals, home health agencies, hospices, nursing care facilities, assisted living facilities, birthing centers, ambulatory surgical facilities, small health care facilities, health care facilities owned or operated by health maintenance organizations, and end stage renal disease facilities. See Utah Code 78B-3-403
• Health care provider: means the same as that term is defined in Section 78B-3-403. See Utah Code 77-38-403
• Health care provider: includes any person, partnership, association, corporation, or other facility or institution who causes to be rendered or who renders health care or professional services as a hospital, health care facility, physician, physician assistant, registered nurse, licensed practical nurse, nurse-midwife, licensed direct-entry midwife, dentist, dental hygienist, optometrist, clinical laboratory technologist, pharmacist, physical therapist, physical therapist assistant, podiatric physician, psychologist, chiropractic physician, naturopathic physician, osteopathic physician, osteopathic physician and surgeon, audiologist, speech-language pathologist, clinical social worker, certified social worker, social service worker, marriage and family counselor, practitioner of obstetrics, licensed athletic trainer, or others rendering similar care and services relating to or arising out of the health needs of persons or groups of persons and officers, employees, or agents of any of the above acting in the course and scope of their employment. See Utah Code 78B-3-403
• Health history: means a comprehensive report of the adoptee's health status at the time of placement for adoption, and medical history, including neonatal, psychological, physiological, and medical care history. See Utah Code 78B-6-103
• Hearsay: Statements by a witness who did not see or hear the incident in question but heard about it from someone else. Hearsay is usually not admissible as evidence in court.
• Highway: includes :
       (15)(a) a public bridge;
       (15)(b) a county way;
       (15)(c) a county road;
       (15)(d) a common road; and
       (15)(e) a state road. See Utah Code 68-3-12.5
• HIV infection: means the same as that term is defined in Section 53-10-801. See Utah Code 77-37-2
• Hospital: means a public or private institution licensed under Title 26B, Chapter 2, Part 2, Health Care Facility Licensing and Inspection. See Utah Code 78B-3-403
• Human trafficking: means a human trafficking offense under Section 76-5-308. See Utah Code 77-38-601
• Hybrid electric motor vehicle: means a motor vehicle that draws propulsion energy from onboard sources of stored energy that are both:
       (29)(a) an internal combustion engine or heat engine using consumable fuel; and
       (29)(b) a rechargeable energy storage system where energy for the storage system comes solely from sources onboard the vehicle. See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• Identification number: includes a vehicle identification number, state assigned identification number, hull identification number, and motor serial number. See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• Identifying information: means information that is in the possession of the office and that contains the name and address of a pre-existing parent or an adult adoptee, or other specific information that by itself or in reasonable conjunction with other information may be used to identify a pre-existing parent or an adult adoptee, including information on a birth certificate or in an adoption document. See Utah Code 78B-6-103
• Implement of husbandry: means a vehicle designed or adapted and used exclusively for an agricultural operation and only incidentally operated or moved upon the highways. See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• Incapacitated individual: means an individual who is incapacitated. See Utah Code 77-38b-102
• Incapacitated individual: means an individual who is incapacitated, as defined in Section 75-1-201. See Utah Code 77-38-601
• incapacitation: means the individual is:
       (12)(a) mentally or physically impaired to the extent that the individual is permanently unable to gain employment and provide basic necessities, including food, clothing, health care, safety, or shelter; and
       (12)(b) reliant on a parent, legal guardian, or other relative or person to provide basic necessities for the individual. See Utah Code 77-38b-102
• Indemnification: In general, a collateral contract or assurance under which one person agrees to secure another person against either anticipated financial losses or potential adverse legal consequences. ^{Source: FDIC}
• Indian Country: means :
       (9)(a) all land within the limits of any Indian reservation under the jurisdiction of the United States government, regardless of the issuance of any patent, and includes rights-of-way running through the reservation;
       (9)(b) all dependent Indian communities within the borders of the United States whether within the original or subsequently acquired territory, and whether or not within the limits of a state; and
       (9)(c) all Indian allotments, including the Indian allotments to which the Indian titles have not been extinguished, including rights-of-way running through the allotments. See Utah Code 77-41-102
• Indictment: The formal charge issued by a grand jury stating that there is enough evidence that the defendant committed the crime to justify having a trial; it is used primarily for felonies.
• Indigent: means a financial status that results from a court finding that a petitioner is financially unable to pay the fee to file a petition for expungement under Section 78A-2-302. See Utah Code 77-40a-101 v2
• Indigent individual: means the same as that term is defined in Section 78B-22-102. See Utah Code 78A-2-801
• Inherent risks of skiing: means the dangers or conditions that are an integral part of the sport of recreational, competitive, or professional skiing, including:
       (1)(a) changing weather conditions;
       (1)(b) snow or ice conditions as the snow or ice conditions exist or may change, including hard pack, powder, packed powder, wind pack, corn, crust, slush, cut-up snow, or machine-made snow;
       (1)(c) surface or subsurface conditions, including bare spots, forest growth, rocks, stumps, streambeds, cliffs, trees, or other natural objects;
       (1)(d) variations or steepness in terrain, whether natural or as a result of slope design, snowmaking or grooming operations, or other terrain modifications, including:

            (1)(d)(i) terrain parks;

            (1)(d)(ii) terrain features, including jumps, rails, or fun boxes; or

            (1)(d)(iii) all other constructed and natural features, including half pipes, quarter pipes, or freestyle-bump terrain;
       (1)(e) impact with lift towers, other structures, or their components, including signs, posts, fences or enclosures, hydrants, or water pipes;
       (1)(f) collisions with other skiers;
       (1)(g) participation in, or practicing or training for, competitions or special events; and
       (1)(h) the failure of a skier to ski within the skier's own ability. See Utah Code 78B-4-402
• Injunction: An order of the court prohibiting (or compelling) the performance of a specific act to prevent irreparable damage or injury.
• Injury: means any personal injury or property damage or loss. See Utah Code 78B-4-402
• Institution: means :
       (7)(a) a state institution of higher education as defined in Section 53B-3-102; or
       (7)(b) a private institution of higher education in the state accredited by a regional or national accrediting agency recognized by the United States Department of Education. See Utah Code 41-1a-1601
• Intellectual disability: means a significant, subaverage general intellectual functioning that:
       (16)(a) exists concurrently with deficits in adaptive behavior; and
       (16)(b) is manifested during the developmental period as defined in the current edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, published by the American Psychiatric Association. See Utah Code 68-3-12.5
• Interest rate: The amount paid by a borrower to a lender in exchange for the use of the lender's money for a certain period of time. Interest is paid on loans or on debt instruments, such as notes or bonds, either at regular intervals or as part of a lump sum payment when the issue matures. ^{Source: OCC}
• Internet: means the international computer network of both federal and non-federal interoperable packet switched data networks. See Utah Code 78B-3-1001
• Intestate: Dying without leaving a will.
• Investigation: means an inquiry into an allegation of misconduct, including a search for and examination of evidence concerning the allegations, which begins upon the receipt of a complaint and is completed when either the complaint is dismissed by a majority vote of the commission or when an order is sent to the Supreme Court for its review in accordance with Utah Constitution Article VIII, § 13. See Utah Code 78A-11-102
• Joint resolution: A legislative measure which requires the approval of both chambers.
• Judge: includes the chief justice of the Supreme Court, a justice of the Supreme Court, a judge of the Court of Appeals, a judge of the Business and Chancery Court, a district court judge, an active senior judge, a juvenile court judge, a justice court judge, an active senior justice court judge, and a judge pro tempore of any court of this state. See Utah Code 78A-11-102
• judge: means a state court judge or a state court justice who is subject to a retention election. See Utah Code 78A-12-102
• Judgement: The official decision of a court finally determining the respective rights and claims of the parties to a suit.
• Judicial Council: means the Judicial Council established by Utah Constitution, Article VIII, Section 12. See Utah Code 78A-2-103
• Judicial lien: means a lien on property obtained by judgment or other legal process instituted for the purpose of collecting an unsecured debt. See Utah Code 78B-5-502
• Jurisdiction: (1) The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a case. Concurrent jurisdiction exists when two courts have simultaneous responsibility for the same case. (2) The geographic area over which the court has authority to decide cases.
• Jurisdiction: means any state, Indian Country, United States Territory, or property under the jurisdiction of the United States military, Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia, or New Zealand. See Utah Code 77-41-102
• Jurisdiction: means a state, district, province, political subdivision, territory, or possession of the United States or any foreign country. See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• Jurisdiction: means a state, district, province, political subdivision, territory, or possession of the United States or any foreign country. See Utah Code 77-40a-101
• Juror: A person who is on the jury.
• Jury: means a body of persons temporarily selected from the citizens of a particular county invested with the power to present and indict a person for a public offense or to try a question of fact. See Utah Code 78B-1-102
• Justice: means a judge who is a member of the Supreme Court. See Utah Code 78A-12-102
• Justice court judge: means a judge appointed pursuant to Title 78A, Chapter 7, Justice Court. See Utah Code 78A-12-102
• Kidnap offender: means an individual, other than a natural parent of the victim:
       (11)(a) who has been convicted in this state of a violation of:

            (11)(a)(i) kidnapping under Subsection 76-5-301(2)(c) or (d);

            (11)(a)(ii) child kidnapping under Section Utah Code 77-41-102
• Land: includes :
       (18)(a) land;
       (18)(b) a tenement;
       (18)(c) a hereditament;
       (18)(d) a water right;
       (18)(e) a possessory right; and
       (18)(f) a claim. See Utah Code 68-3-12.5
• Law enforcement or firefighter peer support team member: means an individual who is:
       (4)(a) a peace officer, dispatcher as defined in Section 53-6-102, civilian employee, or volunteer member of a law enforcement agency, a regular or volunteer member of a fire department, or another individual who has been trained in peer support skills; and
       (4)(b) designated by the commissioner of the Department of Public Safety, the executive director of the Department of Corrections, a sheriff, a police chief, a dispatch executive director, or a fire chief as a member of a law enforcement agency's peer support team or a fire department's peer support team. See Utah Code 78B-5-902
• Lawsuit: A legal action started by a plaintiff against a defendant based on a complaint that the defendant failed to perform a legal duty, resulting in harm to the plaintiff.
• Lease: A contract transferring the use of property or occupancy of land, space, structures, or equipment in consideration of a payment (e.g., rent). ^{Source: OCC}
• Legal guardian: means an individual appointed by a court to make decisions regarding a child or an incapacitated individual. See Utah Code 77-38b-102
• Legislative session: That part of a chamber's daily session in which it considers legislative business (bills, resolutions, and actions related thereto).
• Levy: means the seizure of property pursuant to any legal process issued for the purpose of collecting an unsecured debt. See Utah Code 78B-5-502
• Liabilities: The aggregate of all debts and other legal obligations of a particular person or legal entity.
• Licensed athletic trainer: means a person licensed under Title 58, Chapter 40a, Athletic Trainer Licensing Act. See Utah Code 78B-3-403
• Licensed counselor: means an individual who is licensed by the state, or another state, district, or territory of the United States as a:
       (19)(a) certified social worker;
       (19)(b) clinical social worker;
       (19)(c) psychologist;
       (19)(d) marriage and family therapist;
       (19)(e) clinical mental health counselor; or
       (19)(f) an equivalent licensed professional of another state, district, or territory of the United States. See Utah Code 78B-6-103
• Licensed direct-entry midwife: means a person licensed under the Direct-entry Midwife Act to engage in the practice of direct-entry midwifery as defined in Section 58-77-102. See Utah Code 78B-3-403
• Licensed practical nurse: means a person licensed to practice as a licensed practical nurse as provided in Section 58-31b-301. See Utah Code 78B-3-403
• Lien: A claim against real or personal property in satisfaction of a debt.
• Lien: means a judicial, or statutory lien, in property securing payment of a debt or performance of an obligation. See Utah Code 78B-5-502
• Lienholder: means a person with a security interest in particular property. See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• Life expectancy: means the number of months an individual is or was expected to live considering medical records and experiential data for the individual. See Utah Code 77-38b-102
• Litigation: A case, controversy, or lawsuit. Participants (plaintiffs and defendants) in lawsuits are called litigants.
• Livestock: means all domesticated animals used in the production of food, fiber, or livestock activities. See Utah Code 78B-4-201
• Livestock activity: means :
       (7)(a) livestock shows, fairs, competitions, performances, packing events, or parades or rodeos that involve any or all breeds of livestock;
       (7)(b) using livestock to pull carts or to carry packs or other items;
       (7)(c) using livestock to pull travois-type carriers during rescue or emergency situations;
       (7)(d) livestock training or teaching activities or both;
       (7)(e) taking livestock on public relations trips or visits to schools or nursing homes;
       (7)(f) boarding livestock;
       (7)(g) riding, inspecting, or evaluating any livestock belonging to another, whether or not the owner has received some monetary consideration or other thing of value for the use of the livestock or is permitting a prospective purchaser of the livestock to ride, inspect, or evaluate the livestock;
       (7)(h) using livestock in wool production;
       (7)(i) rides, trips, or other livestock activities of any type however informal or impromptu that are sponsored by a livestock activity sponsor; and
       (7)(j) trimming the feet of any livestock. See Utah Code 78B-4-201
• Livestock activity sponsor: means an individual, group, governmental entity, club, partnership, or corporation, whether operating for profit or as a nonprofit entity, which sponsors, organizes, or provides facilities for a livestock activity, including:
       (8)(a) livestock clubs, 4-H programs, therapeutic riding programs, and public and private schools and postsecondary educational institutions that sponsor livestock activities; and
       (8)(b) operators, instructors, and promoters of livestock facilities, stables, clubhouses, fairs, and arenas. See Utah Code 78B-4-201
• Livestock professional: means a person compensated for a livestock activity by:
       (9)(a) instructing a participant;
       (9)(b) renting to a participant any livestock for the purpose of riding, driving, or being a passenger upon the livestock; or
       (9)(c) renting livestock equipment or tack to a participant. See Utah Code 78B-4-201
• Mail: means first class letters or flats delivered by the United States Postal Service, including priority, express, and certified mail. See Utah Code 77-38-601
• Male: means the characteristic of an individual whose biological reproductive system is of the general type that functions to fertilize the ova of a female. See Utah Code 68-3-12.5
• Malpractice action against a health care provider: means any action against a health care provider, whether in contract, tort, breach of warranty, wrongful death, or otherwise, based upon alleged personal injuries relating to or arising out of health care rendered or which should have been rendered by the health care provider. See Utah Code 78B-3-403
• Man: means a male individual, regardless of age. See Utah Code 78B-6-103
• Manufactured home: means a transportable factory built housing unit constructed on or after June 15, 1976, according to the Federal Home Construction and Safety Standards Act of 1974 (HUD Code), in one or more sections, which, in the traveling mode, is eight body feet or more in width or 40 body feet or more in length, or when erected on site, is 400 or more square feet, and which is built on a permanent chassis and designed to be used as a dwelling with or without a permanent foundation when connected to the required utilities, and includes the plumbing, heating, air-conditioning, and electrical systems. See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• Manufacturer: means a person engaged in the business of constructing, manufacturing, assembling, producing, or importing new or unused vehicles, vessels, or outboard motors for the purpose of sale or trade. See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• Marital status: means married and living together, divorced, separated, or not married. See Utah Code 77-36-1
• Married and living together: means a couple whose marriage was solemnized under Section 30-1-4 or 30-1-6 and who are living in the same residence. See Utah Code 77-36-1
• Master jury list: means the source lists as prescribed by the Judicial Council under Section 78B-1-106. See Utah Code 78B-1-102
• Mature adoptee: means an adoptee who is adopted when the adoptee is an adult. See Utah Code 78B-6-103
• Mediation: means a private forum in which one or more impartial persons facilitate communication between parties to a civil action to promote a mutually acceptable resolution or settlement. See Utah Code 78B-6-202
• Medical candor process: means the process described in Section 78B-3-451. See Utah Code 78B-3-450
• Meets or exceeds minimum performance standards: means that:
       (6)(a)

            (6)(a)(i) a judge meets the certification standards under Section 78A-12-205; and

            (6)(a)(ii) the presumption that the judge meets or exceeds minimum performance standards, described in Subsection 78A-12-203(4)(b)(i), is not overcome by substantial countervailing evidence; or
       (6)(b) a judge does not meet the certification standards under Section 78A-12-205, but the presumption described in Subsection 78A-12-203(4)(b)(ii), that the judge does not meet or exceed minimum performance standards, is overcome by substantial countervailing evidence. See Utah Code 78A-12-102
• Memorabilia: means any tangible property of a convicted person or a representative or assignee of a convicted person, the value of which is enhanced by the notoriety gained from the criminal activity for which the person was convicted. See Utah Code 77-38-302
• Mental health therapist: means the same as that term is defined in Section 58-60-102. See Utah Code 77-38-403
• Military vehicle: means a vehicle of any size or weight that was manufactured for use by armed forces and that is maintained in a condition that represents the vehicle's military design and markings regardless of current ownership or use. See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• Minor: means an individual who is 16 or 17 years old. See Utah Code 78A-7-101.1
• Minor: means any person under 18 years old. See Utah Code 78B-3-1001
• Minor: means an individual who is younger than 18 years old. See Utah Code 77-38-601
• Minor: means the same as that term is defined in Section 80-1-102. See Utah Code 78A-2-801
• Minor: means the same as that term is defined in Section 13-71-101. See Utah Code 78B-3-1101
• Minor: means an individual who is under 18 years old. See Utah Code 78B-4-402
• Minor regulatory offense: includes an offense under Section 76-9-701 or 76-10-105. See Utah Code 77-40a-101
• Minority leader: See Floor Leaders
• Mobile home: means a transportable factory built housing unit built prior to June 15, 1976, in accordance with a state mobile home code which existed prior to the Federal Manufactured Housing and Safety Standards Act (HUD Code). See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• Money: means a medium of exchange for the payment of obligations or a store of value authorized or adopted by a government or by intergovernmental agreement. See Utah Code 78B-5-402
• Money of the claim: means the money determined as proper by Section 78B-5-405. See Utah Code 78B-5-402
• Month: means a calendar month, unless otherwise expressed. See Utah Code 68-3-12.5
• Mortgage: The written agreement pledging property to a creditor as collateral for a loan.
• Mortgagee: The person to whom property is mortgaged and who has loaned the money.
• Mortgagor: The person who pledges property to a creditor as collateral for a loan and who receives the money.
• Mother: means a parent who is of the female sex. See Utah Code 68-3-12.5
• Motor fuel: means the same as that term is defined in Section 59-13-102. See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• Motor vehicle: means a self-propelled vehicle intended primarily for use and operation on the highways. See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• Motorboat: means the same as that term is defined in Section 73-18-2. See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• Motorcycle: means :
       (43)(a) a motor vehicle having a saddle for the use of the rider and designed to travel on not more than three wheels in contact with the ground; or
       (43)(b) an autocycle. See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• Natural gas: means a fuel of which the primary constituent is methane. See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• Natural parent: means a minor's biological or adoptive parent, including the minor's noncustodial parent. See Utah Code 77-41-102
• Naturopathic physician: means a person licensed to engage in the practice of naturopathic medicine as defined in Section 58-71-102. See Utah Code 78B-3-403
• necessary services: include provisions of qualified interpreters, lip reading, pen and paper, typewriters, closed-circuit television with closed-caption translations, computers with print-out capability, and telecommunications devices for the deaf or similar devices. See Utah Code 78B-1-201
• News-gathering organization: means any of the following:
       (7)(a) an employee of a newspaper, news publication, or news source, printed or on an online or mobile platform, of current news and public interest, while operating as an employee as provided in this subsection, who can provide documentation of such employment with the newspaper, news publication, or news source; or
       (7)(b) an employee of a radio broadcast station, television broadcast station, cable television operator, or wire service while operating as an employee as provided in this subsection, who can provide documentation of such employment. See Utah Code 78B-3-1001
• NIST: means the National Institute for Standards and Technology in the United States Department of Commerce. See Utah Code 78B-4-701
• Nolo contendere: No contest-has the same effect as a plea of guilty, as far as the criminal sentence is concerned, but may not be considered as an admission of guilt for any other purpose.
• Nongovernment organization victim advocate: means an individual who:
       (7)(a) is employed or authorized to volunteer by an nongovernment organization advocacy services provider;
       (7)(b) has as a primary responsibility addressing the mental, physical, or emotional recovery of victims;
       (7)(c) has a minimum 40 hours of trauma-informed training:

            (7)(c)(i) in assisting victims specific to the specialization or focus of the nongovernment organization advocacy services provider and includes this part regarding privileged confidential communication; and

            (7)(c)(ii)

                 (7)(c)(ii)(A) that have been approved or provided by the Utah Office for Victims of Crime; or

                 (7)(c)(ii)(B) that meets other minimally equivalent standards set forth by the nongovernment organization advocacy services provider; and
       (7)(d) is under the supervision of the director or the director's designee of the nongovernment organization advocacy services provider. See Utah Code 77-38-403
• Nonprofit organization: means any organization, other than a public entity, described in Section 501 (c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and exempt from tax under Section 501 (a) of that code. See Utah Code 78B-4-101
• Nonresident: means a person who is not a resident of this state as defined by Section 41-1a-202, and who does not engage in intrastate business within this state and does not operate in that business any motor vehicle, trailer, or semitrailer within this state. See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• Not married: means any living arrangement other than married and living together, divorced, or separated. See Utah Code 77-36-1
• Notification form: means a form issued by the commission that a program participant may send to a person demonstrating that the program participant is enrolled in the program. See Utah Code 77-38-601
• Notoriety of crimes contract: means a contract or other agreement with a convicted person, or a representative or assignee of a convicted person, with respect to:
       (5)(a) the reenactment of a crime in any manner including a movie, book, magazine article, Internet website, recording, phonograph record, radio or television presentation, or live entertainment of any kind;
       (5)(b) the expression of the convicted person's thoughts, feelings, opinions, or emotions regarding a crime involving or causing personal injury, death, or property loss as a direct result of the crime; or
       (5)(c) the payment or exchange of any money or other consideration or the proceeds or profits that directly or indirectly result from the notoriety of the crime. See Utah Code 77-38-302
• Nuclear incident: means an incident which does not arise from an act of war and involves the release of nuclear material which results in personal injury, loss of use of property, or damage due to the radioactive, toxic, explosive, or other hazardous properties of the nuclear material. See Utah Code 78B-3-602
• Nuclear material: means radioactive material used or handled in connection with:
       (3)(a) a utilization facility or production facility licensed by the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission in accordance with 42 U. See Utah Code 78B-3-602
• Nurse-midwife: means a person licensed to engage in practice as a nurse midwife under Section 58-44a-301. See Utah Code 78B-3-403
• Obligation: An order placed, contract awarded, service received, or similar transaction during a given period that will require payments during the same or a future period.
• Odometer: means a device for measuring and recording the actual distance a vehicle travels while in operation, but does not include any auxiliary odometer designed to be periodically reset. See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• Off-highway implement of husbandry: means the same as that term is defined in Section 41-22-2. See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• Off-highway vehicle: means the same as that term is defined in Section 41-22-2. See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• Offender: means a child abuse offender, kidnap offender, or sex offender. See Utah Code 77-41-102
• Offender: means an individual required to register as provided in Section 77-42-105. See Utah Code 77-42-102
• Office: means the Office of State Debt Collection created in Section 63A-3-502. See Utah Code 77-38b-102
• Office: means the Utah Office for Victims of Crime. See Utah Code 77-38-302
• Office: means the Office of Guardian ad Litem, created in Section 78A-2-802. See Utah Code 78A-2-702
• Office: means the Office of Guardian Ad Litem created in Section 78A-2-802. See Utah Code 78A-2-801
• Office: means the Office of Vital Records and Statistics within the Department of Health and Human Services operating under Title 26B, Chapter 8, Part 1, Vital Statistics. See Utah Code 78B-6-103
• Operate: includes testing of an automated driving system. See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• Optometrist: means a person licensed to practice optometry under Title 58, Chapter 16a, Utah Optometry Practice Act. See Utah Code 78B-3-403
• Oral argument: An opportunity for lawyers to summarize their position before the court and also to answer the judges' questions.
• Original issue license plate: means a license plate that is of a format and type issued by the state in the same year as the model year of a vehicle that is a model year 1973 or older. See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• Osteopathic physician: means a person licensed to practice osteopathy under Title 58, Chapter 68, Utah Osteopathic Medical Practice Act. See Utah Code 78B-3-403
• Outboard motor: means a detachable self-contained propulsion unit, excluding fuel supply, used to propel a vessel. See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• Oversight: Committee review of the activities of a Federal agency or program.
• Owner: means a person, other than a lienholder, holding title to a vehicle, vessel, or outboard motor whether or not the vehicle, vessel, or outboard motor is subject to a security interest. See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• Owner: means :
            (3)(a)(i) a person having all the incidents of ownership of a motor vehicle, including legal title to the motor vehicle;
            (3)(a)(ii) a person entitled to possession of a motor vehicle as the purchaser under a security agreement; or
            (3)(a)(iii) a person entitled to possession of a motor vehicle as a lessee under a written lease agreement if the lease agreement is intended to last for more than three months at its inception. See Utah Code 41-1a-1502
• Parent: includes a legal guardian. See Utah Code 78B-3-1101
• Park model recreational vehicle: means a unit that:
       (53)(a) is designed and marketed as temporary living quarters for recreational, camping, travel, or seasonal use;
       (53)(b) is not permanently affixed to real property for use as a permanent dwelling;
       (53)(c) requires a special highway movement permit for transit; and
       (53)(d) is built on a single chassis mounted on wheels with a gross trailer area not exceeding 400 square feet in the setup mode. See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• Participant: means any person, whether amateur or professional, who directly engages in an equine activity or livestock activity, regardless of whether a fee has been paid to participate. See Utah Code 78B-4-201
• Participant agreement: includes a modification under Section 78A-5-310. See Utah Code 78A-5-302
• Partnership: A voluntary contract between two or more persons to pool some or all of their assets into a business, with the agreement that there will be a proportional sharing of profits and losses.
• Party: means an individual, a corporation, government or governmental subdivision or agency, business trust, partnership or association of two or more persons having a joint or common interest or any other legal or commercial entity asserting or defending against a foreign-money claim. See Utah Code 78B-5-402
• Patient: means a person who is under the care of a health care provider, under a contract, express or implied. See Utah Code 78B-3-403
• Payment schedule: means the amount that is be paid by a defendant in installments, or by a certain date, to satisfy a criminal accounts receivable for the defendant. See Utah Code 77-32b-102
• Payment schedule: means the same as that term is defined in Section 77-32b-102. See Utah Code 77-38b-102
• PCI data security standard: means the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard. See Utah Code 78B-4-701
• Pecuniary damages: means all demonstrable economic injury, losses, and expenses regardless of whether the economic injury, losses, and expenses have yet been incurred. See Utah Code 77-38b-102
• Periodic payments: means the payment of money or delivery of other property to a judgment creditor at intervals ordered by the court. See Utah Code 78B-3-403
• Permanently impaired victim: means an incapacitated individual whose incapacitation is proximately caused by the criminal conduct of the defendant. See Utah Code 77-38b-102
• Person: includes a financial institution organized, chartered, or holding a license authorizing operation under the laws of this state, another state, or another country. See Utah Code 78B-4-701
• Person: means :
       (24)(a) an individual;
       (24)(b) an association;
       (24)(c) an institution;
       (24)(d) a corporation;
       (24)(e) a company;
       (24)(f) a trust;
       (24)(g) a limited liability company;
       (24)(h) a partnership;
       (24)(i) a political subdivision;
       (24)(j) a government office, department, division, bureau, or other body of government; and
       (24)(k) any other organization or entity. See Utah Code 68-3-12.5
• Personal information: means the same as that term is defined in Section 13-44-102. See Utah Code 78B-4-701
• Personal property: All property that is not real property.
• Personal property: includes :
       (25)(a) money;
       (25)(b) goods;
       (25)(c) chattels;
       (25)(d) effects;
       (25)(e) evidences of a right in action;
       (25)(f) a written instrument by which a pecuniary obligation, right, or title to property is created, acknowledged, transferred, increased, defeated, discharged, or diminished; and
       (25)(g) a right or interest in an item described in Subsections (25)(a) through (f). See Utah Code 68-3-12.5
• Personalized license plate: means a license plate that has displayed on it a combination of letters, numbers, or both as requested by the owner of the vehicle and assigned to the vehicle by the division. See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• Petitioner: means an individual applying for expungement under this chapter. See Utah Code 77-40a-101
• Pharmacist: means a person licensed to practice pharmacy as provided in Section 58-17b-301. See Utah Code 78B-3-403
• Physical therapist: means a person licensed to practice physical therapy under Title 58, Chapter 24b, Physical Therapy Practice Act. See Utah Code 78B-3-403
• Physical therapist assistant: means a person licensed to practice physical therapy, within the scope of a physical therapist assistant license, under Title 58, Chapter 24b, Physical Therapy Practice Act. See Utah Code 78B-3-403
• Physician: means a person licensed to practice medicine and surgery under Title 58, Chapter 67, Utah Medical Practice Act. See Utah Code 78B-3-403
• Physician assistant: means a person licensed to practice as a physician assistant under Title 58, Chapter 70a, Utah Physician Assistant Act. See Utah Code 78B-3-403
• Plaintiff: The person who files the complaint in a civil lawsuit.
• Plea: In a criminal case, the defendant's statement pleading "guilty" or "not guilty" in answer to the charges, a declaration made in open court.
• Plea agreement: An arrangement between the prosecutor, the defense attorney, and the defendant in which the defendant agrees to plead guilty in exchange for special considerations. ^Source:
• Plea disposition: means an agreement entered into between the prosecuting attorney and the defendant including a diversion agreement, a plea agreement, a plea in abeyance agreement, or any agreement by which the defendant may enter a plea in any other jurisdiction or where charges are dismissed without a plea. See Utah Code 77-38b-102
• Plea in abeyance: means an order by a court, upon motion of the prosecuting attorney and the defendant, accepting a plea of guilty or of no contest from the defendant but not, at that time, entering judgment of conviction against the defendant nor imposing sentence upon the defendant on condition that the defendant comply with specific conditions as set forth in a plea in abeyance agreement. See Utah Code 77-38b-102
• Plea in abeyance: means the same as that term is defined in Section 77-2a-1. See Utah Code 77-40a-101
• Plea in abeyance agreement: means an agreement entered into between the prosecuting attorney and the defendant setting forth the specific terms and conditions upon which, following acceptance of the agreement by the court, a plea may be held in abeyance. See Utah Code 77-38b-102
• Pleadings: Written statements of the parties in a civil case of their positions. In the federal courts, the principal pleadings are the complaint and the answer.
• Plug-in hybrid electric motor vehicle: means a hybrid electric motor vehicle that has the capability to charge the battery or batteries used for vehicle propulsion from an off-vehicle electric source, such that the off-vehicle source cannot be connected to the vehicle while the vehicle is in motion. See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• Pneumatic tire: means a tire in which compressed air is designed to support the load. See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• Podiatric physician: means a person licensed to practice podiatry under Title 58, Chapter 5a, Podiatric Physician Licensing Act. See Utah Code 78B-3-403
• Potential birth father: means a man who:
       (24)(a) is identified by a birth mother as a potential biological father of the birth mother's child, but whose genetic paternity has not been established; and
       (24)(b) was not married to the biological mother of the child described in Subsection (24)(a) at the time of the child's conception or birth. See Utah Code 78B-6-103
• Power of attorney: A written instrument which authorizes one person to act as another's agent or attorney. The power of attorney may be for a definite, specific act, or it may be general in nature. The terms of the written power of attorney may specify when it will expire. If not, the power of attorney usually expires when the person granting it dies. ^{Source: OCC}
• Practitioner of obstetrics: means a person licensed to practice as a physician in this state under Title 58, Chapter 67, Utah Medical Practice Act, or under Title 58, Chapter 68, Utah Osteopathic Medical Practice Act. See Utah Code 78B-3-403
• Pre-existing parent: means :
       (25)(a) a birth parent; or
       (25)(b) an individual who, before an adoption decree is entered, is, due to an earlier adoption decree, legally the parent of the child being adopted. See Utah Code 78B-6-103
• Precedent: A court decision in an earlier case with facts and law similar to a dispute currently before a court. Precedent will ordinarily govern the decision of a later similar case, unless a party can show that it was wrongly decided or that it differed in some significant way.
• Preceding year: means a period of 12 consecutive months fixed by the division that is within 16 months immediately preceding the commencement of the registration or license year in which proportional registration is sought. See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• Preliminary hearing: A hearing where the judge decides whether there is enough evidence to make the defendant have a trial.
• Presentence report: A report prepared by a court's probation officer, after a person has been convicted of an offense, summarizing for the court the background information needed to determine the appropriate sentence. ^{Source: U.S. Courts}
• Presiding officer: A majority-party Senator who presides over the Senate and is charged with maintaining order and decorum, recognizing Members to speak, and interpreting the Senate's rules, practices and precedents.
• Primary residence: means the location where the offender regularly resides, even if the offender intends to move to another location or return to another location at a future date. See Utah Code 77-41-102
• Principal place of business: means the place where the business organization's officers direct, control, and coordinate the business organization's activities regardless of whether the place is located in this state. See Utah Code 78B-3a-101
• Private attorney guardian ad litem: means an attorney designated by the office in accordance with Section 78A-2-705 who is not an employee of the office. See Utah Code 78A-2-702
• Private nonprofit organization: means a private nonprofit organization that:
            (8)(a)(i) qualifies as being tax exempt under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code; and
            (8)(a)(ii) has a charitable purpose. See Utah Code 41-1a-1601
• Private nonprofit special group license plate: means a sponsored special group license plate issued to a contributor to a private nonprofit organization. See Utah Code 41-1a-1601
• Pro se: A Latin term meaning "on one's own behalf"; in courts, it refers to persons who present their own cases without lawyers.
• Probable cause: A reasonable ground for belief that the offender violated a specific law.
• Probate: Proving a will
• Probation: A sentencing alternative to imprisonment in which the court releases convicted defendants under supervision as long as certain conditions are observed.
• Probation officers: Screen applicants for pretrial release and monitor convicted offenders released under court supervision.
• Process: means a writ or summons issued in the course of a judicial proceeding. See Utah Code 68-3-12.5
• Profit: means any income or benefit:
       (7)(a) over and above the fair market value of tangible property that is received upon the sale or transfer of memorabilia; or
       (7)(b) any money, negotiable instruments, securities, or other consideration received or contracted for gain which is traceable to a notoriety of crimes contract. See Utah Code 77-38-302
• Program: means the Safe at Home Program created in Section 77-38-602. See Utah Code 77-38-601
• Program: means the Online Court Assistance Program created in this section. See Utah Code 78A-2-501
• Program assistant: means an individual designated by the commission under Section 77-38-604 to assist an applicant or program participant. See Utah Code 77-38-601
• Program participant: means an individual who is enrolled under Section 77-38-606 by the commission to participate in the program. See Utah Code 77-38-601
• Property: includes both real and personal property. See Utah Code 68-3-12.5
• Prosecute: To charge someone with a crime. A prosecutor tries a criminal case on behalf of the government.
• Prospective adoptive parent: means an individual who seeks to adopt an adoptee. See Utah Code 78B-6-103
• Prospective jury list: means the list of prospective jurors whose names are drawn at random from the master jury list and are determined to be qualified to serve as jurors. See Utah Code 78B-1-102
• Protective order: includes an order issued under Subsection 78B-7-804(3). See Utah Code 77-36-1
• Psychologist: means a person licensed under Title 58, Chapter 61, Psychologist Licensing Act, to engage in the practice of psychology as defined in Section 58-61-102. See Utah Code 78B-3-403
• Public defender: Represent defendants who can't afford an attorney in criminal matters.
• Public garage: means a building or other place where vehicles or vessels are kept and stored and where a charge is made for the storage and keeping of vehicles and vessels. See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• Public necessity: means circumstances in which services performed by the prospective juror to members of the public in either a public or a private capacity cannot adequately be performed by others. See Utah Code 78B-1-102
• Public Safety answering point peer support team member: means an individual who is:
       (5)(a) employed by a public safety answering point as defined in Section 63H-7a-103; and
       (5)(b) designated by the chief executive of a public safety answering point as a member of a public safety answering point's peer support team. See Utah Code 78B-5-902
• Qualified interpreter: means a sign language or oral interpreter as provided in Sections 78B-1-203 and 78B-1-206 of this part. See Utah Code 78B-1-201
• Qualified trust: means a trust held for the purpose of compensating claims for damages or injury in a trust company licensed to do business in this state under the provisions of Title 7, Chapter 5, Trust Business. See Utah Code 78B-4-101
• Qualifying criminal activity: includes criminal offenses for which the nature and elements of the offenses are substantially similar to the criminal activity described in Subsection (4)(a), and the attempt, conspiracy, or solicitation to commit any of those offenses. See Utah Code 77-38-502
• Quorum: The number of legislators that must be present to do business.
• Radioactive material: means :
       (4)(a) source material as defined in Utah Code 78B-3-602
• Rape crisis and services center: means a nonprofit entity that assists victims of sexual assault and victims' families by offering sexual assault crisis intervention and counseling through a sexual assault counselor. See Utah Code 77-38-203
• Rate of exchange: means the rate at which the money of one country may be converted into money of another country in a free financial market convenient to or reasonably usable by the party obliged to pay or to state a rate of conversion. See Utah Code 78B-5-402
• Real property: Land, and all immovable fixtures erected on, growing on, or affixed to the land.
• real property: includes :
       (31)(a) land;
       (31)(b) a tenement;
       (31)(c) a hereditament;
       (31)(d) a water right;
       (31)(e) a possessory right; and
       (31)(f) a claim. See Utah Code 68-3-12.5
• Reasonable age verification methods: means verifying that the person seeking to access the material is 18 years old or older by using any of the following methods:
       (9)(a) use of a digitized information card as defined in this section;
       (9)(b) verification through an independent, third-party age verification service that compares the personal information entered by the individual who is seeking access to the material that is available from a commercially available database, or aggregate of databases, that is regularly used by government agencies and businesses for the purpose of age and identity verification; or
       (9)(c) any commercially reasonable method that relies on public or private transactional data to verify the age of the person attempting to access the material. See Utah Code 78B-3-1001
• Receipt of surrender of ownership documents: means the receipt of surrender of ownership documents described in Section 41-1a-503. See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• Reconstructed vehicle: means a vehicle of a type required to be registered in this state that is materially altered from its original construction by the removal, addition, or substitution of essential parts, new or used. See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• Record: means a book, letter, document, paper, map, plan, photograph, film, card, tape, recording, electronic data, or other documentary material, regardless of physical form or characteristics, that:
       (21)(a) is contained in the agency's file regarding the arrest, detention, investigation, conviction, sentence, incarceration, probation, or parole of an individual; and
       (21)(b) is prepared, owned, received, or retained by an agency, including a court. See Utah Code 77-40a-101 v2
• Record: means a book, letter, document, paper, map, plan, photograph, file, card, tape, recording, electronic data, or other documentary material regardless of physical form or characteristics. See Utah Code 77-38-403
• Record: means the same as that term is defined in Section 63G-2-103. See Utah Code 77-38-601
• Record: except as otherwise provided in Subsection 78A-5-307(1)(c), means information that is inscribed on a tangible medium or that is stored in an electronic or other medium and is retrievable in perceivable form. See Utah Code 78A-5-302
• Recreational vehicle: means the same as that term is defined in Section 13-14-102. See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• Register: means to comply with the requirements of this chapter and administrative rules of the department made under this chapter. See Utah Code 77-41-102
• Register: means to comply with the requirements of this chapter and rules of the Office of the Attorney General made under this chapter. See Utah Code 77-42-102
• Registered nurse: means a person licensed to practice professional nursing as provided in Section 58-31b-301. See Utah Code 78B-3-403
• Registered office: means the place within this state that the business organization designated as the business organization's registered office in the most recent document on file with the Division of Corporations and Commercial Code. See Utah Code 78B-3a-101
• Registration: means a document issued by a jurisdiction that allows operation of a vehicle or vessel on the highways or waters of this state for the time period for which the registration is valid and that is evidence of compliance with the registration requirements of the jurisdiction. See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• Registration decal: means the decal issued by the division that is evidence of compliance with the division's registration requirements. See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• Registration website: means the Sex, Kidnap, and Child Abuse Offender Notification and Registration website described in Section 77-41-110 and the information on the website. See Utah Code 77-41-102
• Registration year: means a 12 consecutive month period commencing with the completion of the applicable registration criteria. See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• Registry of Judgments: means the index where a judgment is filed and searchable by the name of the judgment debtor through electronic means or by tangible document. See Utah Code 78B-5-201
• Reimbursements: means , with respect to each nonprofit organization:
       (6)(a) compensation or honoraria totaling less than $300 per calendar year; and
       (6)(b) payment of expenses actually incurred. See Utah Code 78B-4-101
• Relative: means :
       (27)(a) an adult who is a grandparent, great grandparent, aunt, great aunt, uncle, great uncle, brother-in-law, sister-in-law, stepparent, first cousin, stepsibling, sibling of a child, or first cousin of a child's parent; and
       (27)(b) in the case of a child defined as an "Indian child" under the Indian Child Welfare Act, Utah Code 78B-6-103
• Remainder: An interest in property that takes effect in the future at a specified time or after the occurrence of some event, such as the death of a life tenant.
• Remand: When an appellate court sends a case back to a lower court for further proceedings.
• remission: means to forgive or to excuse, in whole or in part, any unpaid amount of a criminal accounts receivable. See Utah Code 77-32b-102
• Repair or replacement: means the restoration of vehicles, vessels, or outboard motors to a sound working condition by substituting any inoperative part of the vehicle, vessel, or outboard motor, or by correcting the inoperative part. See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• Replica vehicle: means :
       (67)(a) a street rod that meets the requirements under Subsection 41-21-1(3)(a)(i)(B); or
       (67)(b) a custom vehicle that meets the requirements under Subsection 41-6a-1507(1)(a)(i)(B). See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• Reporter: Makes a record of court proceedings and prepares a transcript, and also publishes the court's opinions or decisions (in the courts of appeals).
• Representative: means the spouse, parent, guardian, trustee, attorney-in-fact, person designated to make decisions on behalf of a patient under a medical power of attorney, or other legal agent of the patient. See Utah Code 78B-3-403
• Required contribution: means :
       (10)(a) the minimum annual contribution amount established under Subsection 41-1a-1603(4)(a)(iii); or
       (10)(b) if the sponsoring organization establishes a minimum annual contribution amount in accordance with Subsection 41-1a-1603(4)(b) that is greater than the minimum required contribution amount established under Subsection 41-1a-1603(4)(a)(iii), the amount the sponsoring organization establishes. See Utah Code 41-1a-1601
• Rescission: The cancellation of budget authority previously provided by Congress. The Impoundment Control Act of 1974 specifies that the President may propose to Congress that funds be rescinded. If both Houses have not approved a rescission proposal (by passing legislation) within 45 days of continuous session, any funds being withheld must be made available for obligation.
• Restitution: The court-ordered payment of money by the defendant to the victim for damages caused by the criminal action.
• Restitution: means the same as that term is defined in Section 77-38b-102. See Utah Code 77-32b-102
• Restitution: means the payment of pecuniary damages to a victim. See Utah Code 77-38b-102
• Restored-modified vehicle: means a motor vehicle that has been restored and modified with modern parts and technology, including emission control technology and an on-board diagnostic system. See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• Road: includes :
       (33)(a) a public bridge;
       (33)(b) a county way;
       (33)(c) a county road;
       (33)(d) a common road; and
       (33)(e) a state road. See Utah Code 68-3-12.5
• Road tractor: means a motor vehicle designed and used for drawing other vehicles and constructed so it does not carry any load either independently or any part of the weight of a vehicle or load that is drawn. See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• Roadable aircraft: means the same as that term is defined in Section 72-10-102. See Utah Code 41-1a-102 v3
• Sailboat: means the same as that term is defined in Section 73-18-2. See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• Search and rescue dog: means a dog:
       (2)(a) with documented training to locate persons who are:

            (2)(a)(i) lost, missing, or injured; or

            (2)(a)(ii) trapped under debris as the result of a natural or man-made event; and
       (2)(b) affiliated with an established search and rescue dog organization. See Utah Code 78B-3-701
• Security interest: means an interest that is reserved or created by a security agreement to secure the payment or performance of an obligation and that is valid against third parties. See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• Security interest: means an interest in property created by contract to secure payment or performance of an obligation. See Utah Code 78B-5-502
• Semitrailer: means a vehicle without motive power designed for carrying persons or property and for being drawn by a motor vehicle and constructed so that some part of its weight and its load rests or is carried by another vehicle. See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• Sentencing protective order: means a written order of the court as part of sentencing in a domestic violence case that limits the contact an individual who is convicted or adjudicated of a domestic violence offense may have with a victim or other specified individuals under Section 78B-7-804. See Utah Code 77-36-1
• Separated: means a couple who have had their marriage solemnized under Section 30-1-4 or 30-1-6 and who are not living in the same residence. See Utah Code 77-36-1
• Service animal: means :
       (3)(a) a service animal, as defined in Section 26B-6-801; or
       (3)(b) a search and rescue dog. See Utah Code 78B-3-701
• Service member: means :
       (5)(a) a member of the active or reserve components of the armed forces as defined in Section Utah Code 78A-5-302
• Service of process: The service of writs or summonses to the appropriate party.
• Settlement: Parties to a lawsuit resolve their difference without having a trial. Settlements often involve the payment of compensation by one party in satisfaction of the other party's claims.
• Sex: means , in relation to an individual, the individual's biological sex, either male or female, at birth, according to distinct reproductive roles as manifested by:
       (34)(a) sex and reproductive organ anatomy;
       (34)(b) chromosomal makeup; and
       (34)(c) endogenous hormone profiles. See Utah Code 68-3-12.5
• Sex offender: means an individual:
       (19)(a) convicted in this state of:

            (19)(a)(i) a felony or class A misdemeanor violation of enticing a minor under Section 76-4-401;

            (19)(a)(ii) sexual exploitation of a vulnerable adult under Section 76-5b-202;

            (19)(a)(iii) human trafficking for sexual exploitation under Section Utah Code 77-41-102
• Sexual assault counselor: means an individual who:
       (3)(a) is employed by or volunteers at a rape crisis and services center;
       (3)(b) has a minimum of 40 hours of training in counseling and assisting victims of sexual assault; and
       (3)(c) is under the supervision of the director or designee of a rape crisis and services center. See Utah Code 77-38-203
• Sexual assault kit: means the same as that term is defined in Section 53-10-902. See Utah Code 77-37-2
• Sexual offense: means any conduct described in:
       (6)(a) Title 76, Chapter 5, Part 4, Sexual Offenses;
       (6)(b) Title 76, Chapter 5b, Sexual Exploitation Act;
       (6)(c) Section 76-7-102, incest;
       (6)(d) Section 76-9-702, lewdness; or
       (6)(e) Section Utah Code 77-37-2
• Sexual offense: means :
       (17)(a) a sexual offense under Title 76, Chapter 5, Part 4, Sexual Offenses; or
       (17)(b) a sexual exploitation offense under Title 76, Chapter 5b, Part 2, Sexual Exploitation. See Utah Code 77-38-601
• Sidebar: A conference between the judge and lawyers held out of earshot of the jury and spectators.
• Signature: includes a name, mark, or sign written with the intent to authenticate an instrument or writing. See Utah Code 68-3-12.5
• Single criminal episode: means the same as that term is defined in Section 76-1-401. See Utah Code 78A-5-101
• Ski area: means any area designated by a ski area operator to be used for skiing, nordic, freestyle or other type of ski jumping, or snowboarding. See Utah Code 78B-4-402
• Ski area operator: includes an agent, an officer, an employee, or a representative of the person that operates a ski area. See Utah Code 78B-4-402
• Skier: means an individual present in a ski area for the purpose of engaging in the sport of skiing, nordic, freestyle, or other types of ski jumping, or using skis, a sled, a tube, a snowboard, or any other device. See Utah Code 78B-4-402
• Social media company: means the same as that term is defined in Section 13-71-101. See Utah Code 78B-3-1101
• Social media service: means the same as that term is defined in Section 13-71-101. See Utah Code 78B-3-1101
• Social service worker: means a person licensed to practice as a social service worker under Section 58-60-205. See Utah Code 78B-3-403
• Special assessment: means an assessment levied against property to pay all or a portion of the costs of making improvements that benefit the property. See Utah Code 17D-1-102
• Special certificate: means a document issued as described in Subsection 77-40a-304(1)(c) by the bureau stating that the criminal record and all records of arrest, investigation, and detention associated with a case that is the subject of a petition for expungement is eligible for expungement. See Utah Code 77-40a-101
• Special group license plate: means a type of license plate designed for a particular group of people or a license plate authorized and issued by the division in accordance with Section 41-1a-418 or Part 16, Sponsored Special Group License Plates. See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• Special group license plate: means :
       (11)(a) a collegiate special group license plate;
       (11)(b) a private nonprofit special group license plate;
       (11)(c) a sponsored special group license plate;
       (11)(d) a state agency recognition special group license plate; or
       (11)(e) a state agency support special group license plate. See Utah Code 41-1a-1601
• Special interest vehicle: means a vehicle used for general transportation purposes and that is:
            (74)(a)(i) 20 years or older from the current year; or
            (74)(a)(ii) a make or model of motor vehicle recognized by the division director as having unique interest or historic value. See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• Special mobile equipment: includes :
            (75)(b)(i) farm tractors;
            (75)(b)(ii) off-road motorized construction or maintenance equipment including backhoes, bulldozers, compactors, graders, loaders, road rollers, tractors, and trenchers; and
            (75)(b)(iii) ditch-digging apparatus. See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• Special service district: means a limited purpose local government entity, as described in Section 17D-1-103, that:
       (12)(a) is created under authority of the Utah Constitution Article XI, § 7; and
       (12)(b) operates under, is subject to, and has the powers set forth in this chapter. See Utah Code 17D-1-102
• Specially constructed vehicle: means a vehicle of a type required to be registered in this state, not originally constructed under a distinctive name, make, model, or type by a generally recognized manufacturer of vehicles, and not materially altered from its original construction. See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• Speech-language pathologist: means a person licensed to practice speech-language pathology under Title 58, Chapter 41, Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology Licensing Act. See Utah Code 78B-3-403
• Sponsored special group license plate: means a license plate:
       (12)(a) designed for and associated with a sponsoring organization; and
       (12)(b) issued to an applicant in accordance with this part. See Utah Code 41-1a-1601
• Sponsoring organization: means an institution, a private nonprofit organization, or a state agency that is or seeks to be associated with a sponsored special group license plate created under this part. See Utah Code 41-1a-1601
• Spot rate: means the rate of exchange at which foreign money is sold by a bank or other dealer in foreign exchange for settlement by immediate payment, by charge to an account, or by an agreed delayed settlement not exceeding two days. See Utah Code 78B-5-402
• Stalking: means the same as that term is defined in Section Utah Code 77-38-601
• Standard license plate: includes a license plate for general issue that the division issues before January 1, 2024. See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• State: includes a federally recognized Indian tribe. See Utah Code 78A-5-302
• State: means the same as that term is defined in Section 63G-7-102. See Utah Code 78B-3-450
• State: means a state, territory, or possession of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or the United States Virgin Islands. See Utah Code 78B-5-402
• State: when applied to the different parts of the United States, includes a state, district, or territory of the United States. See Utah Code 68-3-12.5
• State agency recognition special group license plate: means a sponsored special group license plate issued to an applicant who:
       (14)(a) has a special license that supports or furthers a government purpose;
       (14)(b) has received an honor that supports or furthers a government purpose;
       (14)(c) has achieved an accomplishment that supports or furthers a government purpose; or
       (14)(d) holds an elected office. See Utah Code 41-1a-1601
• State agency support special group license plate: includes a cancer support license plate created by an act of the Legislature before December 31, 2022. See Utah Code 41-1a-1601
• State impound yard: means a yard for the storage of a vehicle, vessel, or outboard motor that meets the requirements of rules made by the commission as described in Subsection 41-1a-1101(7). See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• State or local government entity: means a county, municipality, higher education institution, special district, special service district, or any other political subdivision of the state or an administrative subunit of the executive, legislative, or judicial branch of this state, including:
       (19)(a) a law enforcement entity or any other investigative entity, agency, department, division, bureau, board, or commission; or
       (19)(b) an individual acting or purporting to act for or on behalf of a state or local entity, including an elected or appointed public official. See Utah Code 77-38-601
• Statute: A law passed by a legislature.
• Statute of limitations: A law that sets the time within which parties must take action to enforce their rights.
• street: means the entire width between property lines of every way or place of whatever nature when any part of it is open to the public, as a matter of right, for purposes of vehicular traffic. See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• street-legal ATV: means the same as that term is defined in Section 41-6a-102. See Utah Code 41-1a-102 v2
• Subpoena: A command to a witness to appear and give testimony.
• Substantial portion: means more than 33-1/3% of total material on a website, which meets the definition of "material harmful to minors" as defined in this section. See Utah Code 78B-3-1001
• Successor: means a corporation that:
       (3)(a)

            (3)(a)(i) assumes or incurs or has assumed or incurred successor asbestos-related liability;

            (3)(a)(ii) is the successor corporation after a merger or consolidation; and

            (3)(a)(iii) became a successor before January 1, 1972; or
       (3)(b) is a successor corporation of a corporation described in Subsection (3)(a). See Utah Code 78B-4-602
• Successor asbestos-related liability: includes liability that, after the time of the merger or consolidation for which the fair market value of total gross assets is determined under Section 78B-4-605, was or is paid or otherwise discharged, or committed to be paid or otherwise discharged, by or on behalf of the corporation, or by a successor of the corporation, or by or on behalf of a transferor, in connection with a settlement, judgment, or other discharge in this state or another jurisdiction. See Utah Code 78B-4-602
• Summons: Another word for subpoena used by the criminal justice system.
• Supplemental appropriation: Budget authority provided in an appropriations act in addition to regular or continuing appropriations already provided. Supplemental appropriations generally are made to cover emergencies, such as disaster relief, or other needs deemed too urgent to be postponed until the enactment of next year's regular appropriations act.
• Swear: includes "affirm. See Utah Code 68-3-12.5
• Symbol decal: means the decal that is designed to represent a special group and displayed on a special group license plate. See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• Temporary restraining order: Prohibits a person from an action that is likely to cause irreparable harm. This differs from an injunction in that it may be granted immediately, without notice to the opposing party, and without a hearing. It is intended to last only until a hearing can be held.
• Testify: Answer questions in court.
• Testify: means to make an oral statement under oath or affirmation. See Utah Code 68-3-12.5
• Testimony: Evidence presented orally by witnesses during trials or before grand juries.
• therapist: means :
  (1) a psychiatrist licensed to practice medicine under Section 58-67-301, Utah Medical Practice Act or under Section 58-68-301, Utah Osteopathic Medical Practice Act;
  (2) a psychologist licensed to practice psychology under Section 58-61-301;
  (3) a marriage and family therapist licensed to practice marriage and family therapy under Section 58-60-304;
  (4) a social worker licensed to practice social work under Section 58-60-204;
  (5) a psychiatric and mental health nurse specialist licensed to practice advanced psychiatric nursing under Title 58, Chapter 31b, Nurse Practice Act; and
  (6) a clinical mental health counselor licensed to practice professional counseling under Title 58, Chapter 60, Part 4, Clinical Mental Health Counselor Licensing Act. See Utah Code 78B-3-501
• Title: means the right to or ownership of a vehicle, vessel, or outboard motor. See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• Tort: A civil wrong or breach of a duty to another person, as outlined by law. A very common tort is negligent operation of a motor vehicle that results in property damage and personal injury in an automobile accident.
• Total fleet miles: means the total number of miles operated in all jurisdictions during the preceding year by power units. See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• Tow truck motor carrier: means the same as that term is defined in Section 72-9-102. See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• Tow truck operator: means the same as that term is defined in Section 72-9-102. See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• Town: includes , depending on population, a metro township as defined in Section 10-3c-102. See Utah Code 68-3-12.5
• Traffic offense: means , except as provided in Subsection (21)(b):
            (21)(a)(i) an infraction, a class B misdemeanor offense, or a class C misdemeanor offense under Title 41, Chapter 6a, Traffic Code;
            (21)(a)(ii) an infraction, a class B misdemeanor offense, or a class C misdemeanor offense under Title 53, Chapter 3, Part 2, Driver Licensing Act;
            (21)(a)(iii) an infraction, a class B misdemeanor offense, or a class C misdemeanor offense under Title 73, Chapter 18, State Boating Act; and
            (21)(a)(iv) all local ordinances that are substantially similar to an offense listed in Subsections (21)(a)(i) through (iii). See Utah Code 77-40a-101
• Traffic offense case: means that each offense in the case is a traffic offense. See Utah Code 77-40a-101
• Trailer: means a vehicle without motive power designed for carrying persons or property and for being drawn by a motor vehicle and constructed so that no part of its weight rests upon the towing vehicle. See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• Trained: means a person who has successfully completed a peer support training program approved by the Peace Officer Standards and Training Division, the State Fire Marshal's Office, or the Department of Health and Human Services, as applicable. See Utah Code 78B-5-902
• Transactional data: includes records from mortgage, education, and employment entities. See Utah Code 78B-3-1001
• Transcript: A written, word-for-word record of what was said, either in a proceeding such as a trial or during some other conversation, as in a transcript of a hearing or oral deposition.
• Transferee: means a person to whom the ownership of property is conveyed by sale, gift, or any other means except by the creation of a security interest. See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• Transferor: means a person who transfers the person's ownership in property by sale, gift, or any other means except by creation of a security interest. See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• Transferor: means a corporation from which successor asbestos-related liability is or was assumed or incurred. See Utah Code 78B-4-602
• Trial: A hearing that takes place when the defendant pleads "not guilty" and witnesses are required to come to court to give evidence.
• Trial jury: A group of citizens who hear the evidence presented by both sides at trial and determine the facts in dispute. Federal criminal juries consist of 12 persons. Federal civil juries consist of six persons.
• Trial jury: means a body of persons selected from the citizens of a particular county before a court or officer of competent jurisdiction and sworn to try and determine by verdict a question of fact. See Utah Code 78B-1-102
• Truck tractor: means a motor vehicle designed and used primarily for drawing other vehicles and not constructed to carry a load other than a part of the weight of the vehicle and load that is drawn. See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• Trust account: A general term that covers all types of accounts in a trust department, such as estates, guardianships, and agencies. ^{Source: OCC}
• Trustee: A person or institution holding and administering property in trust.
• Unanticipated outcome: means the outcome of a medical treatment or procedure that differs from an expected result. See Utah Code 78B-3-403
• Unborn child: means a human fetus or embryo in any stage of gestation from fertilization until birth. See Utah Code 77-38b-102
• Undue hardship: means circumstances in which the prospective juror would:
       (8)(a) be required to abandon a person under his or her personal care or incur the cost of substitute care which is unreasonable under the circumstances;
       (8)(b) suffer extreme physical hardship due to an illness, injury, or disability; or
       (8)(c) incur substantial costs or lost opportunities due to missing an event that was scheduled prior to the initial notice of potential jury service. See Utah Code 78B-1-102
• Uniform Commercial Code: A set of statutes enacted by the various states to provide consistency among the states' commercial laws. It includes negotiable instruments, sales, stock transfers, trust and warehouse receipts, and bills of lading. ^{Source: OCC}
• United States: includes each state, district, and territory of the United States of America. See Utah Code 68-3-12.5
• Unmarried biological father: means a man who:
       (28)(a) is the biological father of a child; and
       (28)(b) was not married to the biological mother of the child described in Subsection (28)(a) at the time of the child's conception or birth. See Utah Code 78B-6-103
• Uphold: The decision of an appellate court not to reverse a lower court decision.
• User: means the same as that term is defined in Section 13-71-101. See Utah Code 78B-3-1101
• User fees: Fees charged to users of goods or services provided by the government. In levying or authorizing these fees, the legislature determines whether the revenue should go into the treasury or should be available to the agency providing the goods or services.
• Utah Code: means the 1953 recodification of the Utah Code, as amended, unless the text expressly references a portion of the 1953 recodification of the Utah Code as it existed:
       (42)(a) on the day on which the 1953 recodification of the Utah Code was enacted; or
       (42)(b)

            (42)(b)(i) after the day described in Subsection (42)(a); and

            (42)(b)(ii) before the most recent amendment to the referenced portion of the 1953 recodification of the Utah Code. See Utah Code 68-3-12.5
• Utah minor account holder: means the same as that term is defined in Section 13-71-101. See Utah Code 78B-3-1101
• Value: means fair market value of an individual's interest in property, exclusive of valid liens. See Utah Code 78B-5-502
• Vehicle: means a motor vehicle, an aircraft, or a watercraft subject to registration in any jurisdiction. See Utah Code 77-41-102
• Vehicle: includes a motor vehicle, trailer, semitrailer, off-highway vehicle, camper, park model recreational vehicle, manufactured home, and mobile home. See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• Venue: The geographical location in which a case is tried.
• Verdict: The decision of a petit jury or a judge.
• Vessel: means the same as that term is defined in Section 73-18-2. See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• Vessel: when used with reference to shipping, includes a steamboat, canal boat, and every structure adapted to be navigated from place to place. See Utah Code 68-3-12.5
• Veteran: means a former service member who qualifies for health care benefits from the Veterans Administration. See Utah Code 78A-5-302
• Veterans treatment court: means a veterans treatment court program administered under this part by a court of this state. See Utah Code 78A-5-302
• Victim: means a cohabitant who has been subjected to domestic violence. See Utah Code 77-36-1
• Victim: means an individual, including a minor, against whom an offense has been allegedly committed. See Utah Code 77-37-2
• Victim: includes :
            (26)(b)(i) the Utah Office for Victims of Crime if the Utah Office for Victims of Crime makes a payment to, or on behalf of, a victim under Section 63M-7-519;
            (26)(b)(ii) the estate of a deceased victim;
            (26)(b)(iii) a dependent; or
            (26)(b)(iv) a parent, spouse, intimate partner as defined in Utah Code 77-38b-102
• Victim: means an individual who has experienced a sexual assault of whatever nature including incest and rape and requests counseling or assistance regarding the mental, physical, and emotional consequences of the sexual assault. See Utah Code 77-38-203
• Victim: means :
       (9)(a) a victim of a crime as defined in Section 77-38-2;
       (9)(b) an individual who is a victim of domestic violence as defined in Section 77-36-1; or
       (9)(c) an individual who is a victim of dating violence as defined in Section 78B-7-102. See Utah Code 77-38-403
• Victim: means a victim of abuse, domestic violence, human trafficking, stalking, or sexual assault. See Utah Code 77-38-601
• Victim advocate: work with prosecutors and assist the victims of a crime.
• Victim advocate: means :
            (10)(a)(i) a criminal justice system victim advocate;
            (10)(a)(ii) a nongovernment organization victim advocate; or
            (10)(a)(iii) an individual who is employed or authorized to volunteer by a public or private entity and is designated by the Utah Office for Victims of Crime as having the specific purpose of providing advocacy services to or for the clients of the public or private entity. See Utah Code 77-38-403
• Victim Impact Statement: A written or spoken statement by the victim or his or her representative about the physical, emotional, and financial impact of a crime on the victim. The statement is given to the court before sentencing.
• Vintage vehicle: means the same as that term is defined in Section 41-21-1. See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• Voir dire: The process by which judges and lawyers select a petit jury from among those eligible to serve, by questioning them to determine knowledge of the facts of the case and a willingness to decide the case only on the evidence presented in court. "Voir dire" is a phrase meaning "to speak the truth."
• Volunteer: includes a volunteer serving as a director, officer, trustee, or direct service volunteer. See Utah Code 78B-4-101
• Waters of this state: means the same as that term is defined in Section 73-18-2. See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• Weighmaster: means a person, association of persons, or corporation permitted to weigh vehicles under this chapter. See Utah Code 41-1a-102
• Whips: Assistants to the floor leaders who are also elected by their party conferences. The Majority and Minority Whips (and their assistants) are responsible for mobilizing votes within their parties on major issues. In the absence of a party floor leader, the whip often serves as acting floor leader.
• Witness: means any person who has been subpoenaed or is expected to be summoned to testify for the prosecution or who by reason of having relevant information is subject to call or likely to be called as a witness for the prosecution, whether any action or proceeding has commenced. See Utah Code 77-37-2
• Woman: means an adult human female. See Utah Code 68-3-12.5
• Writ: A formal written command, issued from the court, requiring the performance of a specific act.
• Writ: means an order or precept in writing, issued in the name of:
       (47)(a) the state;
       (47)(b) a court; or
       (47)(c) a judicial officer. See Utah Code 68-3-12.5
• Writ of certiorari: An order issued by the Supreme Court directing the lower court to transmit records for a case for which it will hear on appeal.
• Writing: includes :
       (48)(a) printing;
       (48)(b) handwriting; and
       (48)(c) information stored in an electronic or other medium if the information is retrievable in a perceivable format. See Utah Code 68-3-12.5